CN104529684B - 钯/碳催化芳环上官能团邻位碘化的方法 - Google Patents
钯/碳催化芳环上官能团邻位碘化的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodate Chemical compound [O-]I(=O)=O ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006192 iodination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000026045 iodination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts
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- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种钯/碳催化芳环上官能团邻位碘化的方法:将底物含有官能团的芳环、催化剂钯/碳、氧化剂、碘化试剂和溶剂混合,在50~120℃下反应3~12h,反应结束后,反应液经后处理得到碘化产物;本发明所用的方法路线不会产生大量的工业废水,对环境污染较小;反应所得的产物收率高,选择性好;所用催化剂可回收再利用,部分碘化试剂价格低廉,有潜在的工业应用价值。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及芳香化合物的碘化方法,具体涉及一种钯/碳催化芳环上官能团邻位碘化的方法。
(二)背景技术
芳基碘化物在农药、医药、染料等领域具有非常重要的应用,芳基碘化物通常制备方法为:(1)由苯胺为初始原料,经重氮化、碘化得到目标产物。(2)直接利用碘和芳烃反应。(3)利用烷基锂与芳烃反应后再与碘化试剂反应。(4)通过过渡金属钯、钌等作为催化剂将碘原子引入到芳环。其中方法(1)中必须使用苯胺作为初始原料,且反应过程中会产生大量废水;方法(2)中通常芳环上选择性较差,当芳环上连有强拉电子基团时该方法不可用;方法(3)须使用烷基锂等超强碱试剂,操作复杂且易燃易爆;方法(4)一般使用醋酸钯或氯化钌等作为催化剂,回收再利用难度大。
钯/碳是一种常见的过渡金属催化剂,具有催化效率高、操作简单、回收方便等优点,同时钯/碳在偶联反应中也具有重要的应用。但是钯/碳在芳香化合物的邻位碘化的反应中却未见文献报道。这主要是因为:该反应长期以来被认为是Pd(II)催化的反应,而钯/碳为Pd(0),无法进行该反应。而实际上我们研究发现,钯/碳可以完成整个反应,实现芳香化合物的邻位碘化反应。相比其他方法,钯/碳催化的芳香化合物邻位碘化反应具有废水排放少,产物产率高、选择性好,催化剂可回收利用等优点。
(三)发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种钯/碳催化芳环上官能团邻位碘化的方法,本发明方 法废水排放少,产物产率高,选择性好,催化剂可回收利用。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种钯/碳催化芳环上官能团邻位碘化的方法,所述方法为:将底物含有官能团的芳环、催化剂钯/碳、氧化剂、碘化试剂和溶剂混合,在50~120℃下反应3~12h,反应结束后,反应液经后处理得到碘化产物;
所述含有官能团的芳环为被特定官能团取代的的芳环,所述的特定官能团为酰胺、氰基、羧基、肟、羰基、硝基或含氮杂环;所述的芳环为被特定官能团以外的取代基取代的苯、吡啶、呋喃、噻吩或吲哚,,所述取代基选自氢、氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、苯基、甲氧基、乙氧基或三氟甲基;
所述氧化剂为氧气或非氧气氧化剂、所的非氧气氧化剂为醋酸银、碳酸银、碘苯二乙酸、过氧化氢、过氧乙酸或过氧叔丁醇;
所述碘化试剂为1,3-二碘-5,5-二甲基海因、N-碘代丁二酰亚胺、碘单质、氯化碘、氢碘酸、碘化钾、碘化钠、碘化锂或碘化亚铜;
所述底物与碘化试剂、催化剂钯/碳中的钯、非氧气氧化剂的物质的量之比为1:0.5~5:0.002~0.2:0.6~6。
本发明方法中,当所述的氧化剂为氧气时,反应在空气气氛或氧气气氛下进行。
推荐所述溶剂为二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈、二氯乙烷、甲苯、六氟异丙醇、四氢呋喃或醋酸;通常所述溶剂的体积用量以所述底物的物质的量计为3~6mL/mmol。
通常所述反应液后处理的方法为:反应结束后,过滤收集钯/碳,滤液蒸除溶剂,浓缩物用柱层析纯化,固定相为200~300目的硅胶,流动相为石油醚:乙酸乙酯体积比0.5~15:1的混合液,收集含目标化合物的洗脱液,浓缩干燥即得所述的碘化产物。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果主要体现在:本发明所用的方法路线不会产生大量的工业废水,对环境污染较小;反应所得的产物收率高,选择性好;所用催化剂可回收再利用,部分碘化试剂价格低廉,有潜在的工业应用价值。
综上所述,本发明提供了一种钯/碳催化芳环上特定官能团邻位碘化的新方法,该方法催化剂成本低,环境污染小,产物产率高,具有潜在的工业应用价值。
(四)具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此:
实施例1:
在50mL的配有磁子搅拌,回流冷凝管的三口烧瓶中加入如式所示的乙酰苯胺类底物(R为氢或4位的氯或甲基,或者3位的甲氧基或乙氧基,或者2位的乙基),以R基团为4位的甲基为例,加入原料4-甲基乙酰苯胺0.75g(5.0mmol),钯/碳0.53g(以钯计,0.50mmol,规格及纯度:10%on dry carbon support,购自百灵威科技公司),N-碘代丁二酰亚胺2.25g(10.0mmol),加入四氢呋喃20ml作为溶剂,在空气气氛下加热至50摄氏度反应5小时。反应结束后,过滤回收钯/碳,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,残余物用柱层析纯化(硅胶:200-300目;流动相,石油醚:乙酸乙酯=1:1,v/v)得白色固体目标产物,获得的产物为2-碘-4-甲基乙酰苯胺1.27g,收率为92.3%。
将上步回收的钯/碳重新用于套用实验,重复上述实验,我们发现,钯/碳回收利用八次以后仍有活性(每一次除了钯/碳以外其他原料投料与上述实验一致),但活性已降低,因此只做八批钯/碳套用实验,第二批到第八批获得的产物2-碘-4-甲基乙酰苯胺的质量和收率依次为1.26g(90.1%),1.21g(88.3%), 1.20g(87.5%),1.19g(86.8%),1.17g(85.0%),1.13g(82.4%),1.09g(79.3%),1.03g(75.0%)。
实施例2:
在50mL的配有磁子搅拌,回流冷凝管的三口烧瓶中加入如式所示的吡啶甲酸类或吡啶乙酸底物(R为氢,或者4位的氟或甲基,或者5位的甲基或甲氧基,n=0或1),以R基团为5位的甲氧基,n=0为例,加入原料5-甲氧基-4-吡啶甲酸0.75g(5.0mmol),钯/碳0.11g(以钯计,0.10mmol,规格及纯度:10%on dry carbon support,购自百灵威科技公司),碘化钾4.15g(25.0mmol),加入35%过氧乙酸5ml(约25.0mmol)作为氧化剂,加入醋酸20ml作为溶剂,在氧气气氛下加热至85摄氏度反应5小时。反应结束后,过滤收集钯/碳,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,残余物用柱层析纯化(硅胶:200-300目;流动相,石油醚:乙酸乙酯=1:2,v/v),获得的产物为3-碘-5-甲氧基-4-吡啶甲酸1.23g,收率为89.2%。
实施例3:
在50mL的配有磁子搅拌,回流冷凝管的三口烧瓶中加入如式所示的噻吩腈底物(R为氢,或者4位的氯,或者3位的甲氧基),以R基团为4位的氯原子为例,加入原料4-氯-2-噻吩腈0.72g(5.0mmol),钯/碳10.6mg(以钯计,0.01mmol,规格及纯度:10%on dry carbon support,购自百灵威科技公司),氢碘酸3.20g(25.0mmol),加入30%双氧水4ml(约30.0mmol)作为氧化剂,加入乙腈20ml作为溶剂,在氧气气氛下加热至80摄氏度反应5小时。反应结束后,过滤收集钯/碳,加入40ml乙酸乙酯和20ml水,萃取取有机层,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,残余物用柱层析纯化(硅 胶:200-300目;流动相,石油醚:乙酸乙酯=2:1,v/v),获得的产物为1-碘-4-氯-2-噻吩腈1.11g,收率为82.4%。
实施例4:
在50mL的配有磁子搅拌,回流冷凝管的三口烧瓶中加入如式所示的N1-(2-甲基-4-七氟异丙基苯基)-N2-(1,1-二甲基-2-甲亚砜基乙基)-1,2-苯二甲酰胺2.70g(5.0mmol),钯/碳1.06g(以钯计,1.0mmol,规格及纯度:10%on dry carbon support,购自百灵威科技公司),1,3-二碘-5,5-二甲基海因0.95g(2.5mmol),加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺20ml作为溶剂,在氧气气氛下加热至50摄氏度反应3小时。反应结束后,过滤收集钯/碳,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,残余物用柱层析纯化(硅胶:200-300目;流动相,石油醚:乙酸乙酯=1:1,v/v)得白色固体目标产物,获得的产物为3-碘-N1-(2-甲基-4-七氟异丙基苯基)-N2-(1,1-二甲基-2-甲亚砜基乙基)-1,2-苯二甲酰胺3.10g,收率为93.3%。
实施例5:
在50mL的配有磁子搅拌,回流冷凝管的三口烧瓶中加入如式所示的吲哚类底物(R为氢,或者3位的甲基、氟或溴,或者4位的苯基或三氟甲基),以R为氢为例,加入原料N-乙酰-吲哚0.795g(5.0mmol),钯/碳0.53g(以钯计,0.50mmol,规格及纯度:10%on dry carbon support,购自百灵威科技公司),氯化碘1.62g(10.0mmol),加入醋酸银0.84g(5.0mmol)作为氧化剂,加入N,N-二甲基乙酰胺20ml作 为溶剂,在空气情况下加热至70摄氏度反应5小时。反应结束后,过滤收集钯/碳,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,残余物用柱层析纯化(硅胶:200-300目;流动相,石油醚:乙酸乙酯=3:1,v/v)得白色固体目标产物,获得的产物为N-乙酰-7-碘-吲哚1.19g,收率为83.8%。
实施例6:
在50mL的配有磁子搅拌,回流冷凝管的三口烧瓶中加入如式所示的吲哚类底物(R为氢或3位的乙基或甲基,或者4位的甲氧基、乙氧基、氟或氟),以R为4位的甲氧基为例,加入原料4-甲氧基-2-硝基呋喃0.70g(5.0mmol),钯/碳1.06g(以钯计,1.0mmol,规格及纯度:10%on dry carbon support,购自百灵威科技公司),碘单质1.27g(5.0mmol),加入碘苯二乙酸1.61g(5.0mmol)作为氧化剂,加入甲苯20ml作为溶剂,在空气气氛下120摄氏度反应12小时。反应结束后,加入适量硫代硫酸钠除去单质碘,过滤收集钯/碳,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,残余物用柱层析纯化(硅胶:200-300目;流动相,石油醚:乙酸乙酯=1:1),获得的产物为4-甲氧基-3-碘-2-硝基呋喃0.82g,收率为62.0%。
实施例7:
在50mL的配有磁子搅拌,回流冷凝管的三口烧瓶中加入如式所示的芳基肟醚类底物(R为氢,或者4位的苯基、甲基、乙基、氟、氯、溴、三氟甲基、甲氧基或乙氧基,或者3位的溴,或者2位的甲基),以R为4位的甲基为例,加入原料4-甲基-苯乙酮甲基肟醚0.73g(5.0mmol),钯/碳0.11g(以钯计,0.10mmol,规格及纯度:10%on dry carbon support,购自百灵威科技公司),氯化碘0.81g(5.0 mmol),加入碳酸银0.83g(3.0mmol)作为氧化剂,加入二甲基亚砜20ml作为溶剂,在空气气氛下加热至50摄氏度反应5小时。反应结束后,过滤收集钯/碳,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,残余物用柱层析纯化(硅胶:200-300目;流动相,石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1),获得的产物为4-甲基-2-碘-苯乙酮甲基肟醚1.25g,收率为92.1%。
实施例8:
在50mL的配有磁子搅拌,回流冷凝管的三口烧瓶中加入如式所示的2-苯基吡啶类底物(R为氢,或者4位的甲基、乙基或三氟甲基,或者5位的苯基),以R为氢为例,加入原料为2-苯基吡啶0.78g(5.0mmol),钯/碳0.33g(以钯计,0.30mmol,规格及纯度:10%on dry carbon support,购自百灵威科技公司),1,3-二碘-5,5-二甲基海因0.95g(2.5mmol),加入六氟异丙醇20ml作为溶剂,在空气气氛下加热至60摄氏度反应5小时。反应结束后,过滤收集钯/碳,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,残余物用柱层析纯化(硅胶:200-300目;流动相,石油醚:乙酸乙酯=15:1),获得的产物为2-(2-碘苯)吡啶1.24g,收率为88.2%。
Claims (5)
1.一种钯/碳催化芳环上官能团邻位碘化的方法,其特征在于,所述方法为:将底物含有官能团的芳环、催化剂钯/碳、氧化剂、碘化试剂和溶剂混合,在50~120℃下反应3~12h,反应结束后,反应液经后处理得到碘化产物;
所述含有官能团的芳环为被特定官能团取代的芳环,所述的特定官能团为酰胺、氰基、羧基、肟、羰基或硝基,所述的芳环为被特定官能团以外的取代基取代的苯、吡啶、呋喃、噻吩或吲哚,所述取代基选自氢、氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、苯基、甲氧基、乙氧基或三氟甲基;
所述氧化剂为氧气或非氧气氧化剂,所述的非氧气氧化剂为醋酸银、碳酸银、碘苯二乙酸、过氧化氢、过氧乙酸或过氧叔丁醇;
所述碘化试剂为1,3-二碘-5,5-二甲基海因、N-碘代丁二酰亚胺、碘单质、氯化碘、氢碘酸、碘化钾、碘化钠、碘化锂或碘化亚铜;
所述底物与碘化试剂、催化剂钯/碳中的钯、非氧气氧化剂的物质的量之比为1:0.5~5:0.002~0.2:0.6~6。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,当所述的氧化剂为氧气时,反应在空气气氛或氧气气氛下进行。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂为二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈、二氯乙烷、甲苯、六氟异丙醇、四氢呋喃或醋酸。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂的体积用量以所述底物的物质的量计为3~6mL/mmol。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述反应液后处理的方法为:反应结束后,过滤收集钯/碳,滤液蒸除溶剂,浓缩物用柱层析纯化,固定相为200~300目的硅胶,流动相为石油醚:乙酸乙酯体积比0.5~15:1的混合液,收集含目标化合物的洗脱液,浓缩干燥即得所述的碘化产物。
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