CN104518552A - 用于感应式无线输出能量的充电装置 - Google Patents

用于感应式无线输出能量的充电装置 Download PDF

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CN104518552A
CN104518552A CN201410505696.3A CN201410505696A CN104518552A CN 104518552 A CN104518552 A CN 104518552A CN 201410505696 A CN201410505696 A CN 201410505696A CN 104518552 A CN104518552 A CN 104518552A
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coil
charging device
ferrite core
barricade
central opening
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托马斯·科马
莫妮卡·波博尔
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于感应式无线输出能量到电驱动的车辆的接收线圈(14)上的充电装置，包括：-构造为圆形的在平面上延伸的能导电的第一线圈(12)，其具有在第一线圈(12)的中心处的第一中心开口，-构造为圆形的在平面上延伸的能导电的第二线圈(13)，其具有在第二线圈(13)的中心处的第二中心开口，-铁氧体磁芯，-具有矩形底板的屏蔽板，在所述屏蔽板上布置了所述铁氧体磁芯和共面的所述线圈，其中，线圈架中的所述线圈如下地布置在所述屏蔽板上，在所述屏蔽板和所述线圈的下边缘之间的间距保持在15至25mm之间。

Description

用于感应式无线输出能量的充电装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于感应式无线输出能量到电驱动的车辆的接收线圈上的充电装置。
背景技术
在为电动车无线充电时，或者使用以圆形设计的绕组或者使用以螺旋管式设计的绕组。在此，圆形设计在这方面称为线圈；导线于一个平面中成螺旋形地延伸的、螺线管式的设计称为各种线圈的绕组。在耦合相同时，螺线管式设计是较小的，然而却引起了更高的磁通密度，这可以导致在磁场区域中的金属体的显著变热。圆形的设计基于其更大的面积而具有较小的磁通密度，而且在车辆上更难以安装。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种改进的用于感应式无线传输能量的装置，利用所述装置能够避免开头所述的缺点。
该目的通过一种具有权利要求1的特征的装置来实现。从属权利要求涉及本发明的有利的设计方案。
根据本发明的用于感应式无线输出能量到电驱动的车辆的接收线圈上的充电装置，包括：
-构造为圆形的在平面上延伸的能导电的第一线圈，其具有在第一线圈的中心的第一中心开口，
-构造为圆形的在平面上延伸的能导电的第二线圈，其具有在第二线圈的中心的第二中心开口，
-铁氧体磁芯，
-具有矩形底板的屏蔽板，在其上布置了铁氧体磁芯和共面的线圈，其中，线圈架中的线圈如下地布置在屏蔽板上，在屏蔽板和线圈下边缘之间的间距保持在15至25mm之间。
对于本发明已知，在同时保持了尽可能平坦的构造形式时，在所述范围内的到屏蔽板的间距以最佳的方式避免屏蔽板中的漏磁感应的涡流。特别有利的是，间距在18mm至22mm之间，特别是20mm。在此，平坦的结构形式是充电装置嵌入到例如停车场形式的电驱动车辆充电站中的地面中的基础。
优选地，铁氧体磁芯是U型的、构造为在线圈之下延伸的厚度在10mm到20mm之间的平板和与平板相连的第一和第二铁芯块。
有利的是，充电装置具有布置在铁氧体磁芯的平板的下方的底板，该底板具有在5mm到15mm之间的厚度，特别地具有6mm到10mm之间的厚度。特别有利的是，底板的厚度为8mm。
线圈适宜并排地布置。优选地，第一线圈和第二线圈是同等大小的。有利的，平面的和由此相对大面积的线圈作用为铁氧体磁芯的漏磁场的屏蔽物。与此相反地，圆柱状的线圈可能在相同的位置上没有这种屏蔽效果。
第一和/或第二线圈优选地构造为矩形；也就是说具有倒圆的角部的矩形。在此，第一和/或第二线圈优选地具有在200mm到300mm之间，特别是在220mm到250mm之间的宽度。第一和/或第二线圈的长度优选地在450mm到550mm之间，特别是在490mm到520mm之间。可替换地，第一和/或第二线圈可以设计为基本是圆形的或者也设计为基本是方形的。
第一和/或第二中心开口优选地构造成具有倒圆的角部的矩形。在此，第一和/或第二中心开口优选地具有350mm和400mm之间的长度和80mm和120mm之间的宽度。
一个或两个铁芯块的厚度优选地在10mm和20mm之间、特别是于14mm和16mm之间。在这些厚度中，注入到塑料中的平坦的、此时为平面的线圈布置成，使得所述线圈安置在铁氧体磁芯的平板上，并且铁芯块穿过相应的中心开口并且在此于上方从线圈的几毫米厚的平面上伸出。铁氧体磁芯的平板优选地也具有10mm和20mm之间，特别是14mm和16mm之间的厚度。
对于到次级侧的、即车辆侧的线圈系统上的感应式能量传输的效率有利的是，铁芯块中的至少一个填充至少70％的、特别是80％的相应的中心开口。例如，一个或两个铁芯块的长度可以比相应的中心开口最多小100mm并且其宽度比相应的中心开口最多小20mm、特别是最多小15mm。优选地，两个铁芯块填充至少70％的、特别是80％的相应的中心开口。
适宜的，第一和第二线圈与能控制的电源连接，以使得第二线圈的电流方向取向成始终与第一线圈中的电流方向相反的。能控制的电源适宜地具有用于与电驱动的车辆通讯的通讯装置。所述通讯装置设计用于获得车辆的充电的控制数据并且随后为输入到线圈中的电流定向。
在此，所述装置优选地涉及嵌入地面中的用于电驱动的车辆的充电站。用于接收所输出的能量的次级侧的、即车辆侧的线圈布置作为对方站。车辆侧的线圈装置优选地布置在车辆底盘结构之中或之上。所述线圈装置适宜地包括次级侧的铁氧体磁芯。所述铁氧体磁芯优选地具有以下长度和宽度，其分别为地面侧的U形的铁氧体磁芯的长度和宽度的30％和70％之间。因此实现了，只要侧向移动不是过大的，侧向的移动-车辆在充电装置上的不准确定位-仅引起磁耦合的微小改变并且因此引起能量传输的微小改变。
充电装置优选地包括厚度在6mm和15mm之间的、特别是8mm和10mm之间的底板。底板的宽度优选地在700mm和750mm之间；所述宽度优选为550mm和600mm之间。底板优选地也安放在适宜地由铝制成的、设计为槽状的屏蔽板上。屏蔽板具有平坦的底面和垂直于底面的侧壁。屏蔽板的侧壁突出直到以下高度，其等于线圈的或铁氧体磁芯的结构高度、即例如30mm。屏蔽板的宽度和长度优选地分别比底板的尺寸多20mm。在底板和线圈架和铁氧体磁芯上方，线圈如下地朝向屏蔽板布置，即在线圈和屏蔽板底面之间实现优选地在15和25mm之间的、特别是20mm和22mm之间的间距。这个间距有利地避免了在屏蔽板中漏磁感应的涡流。同时在此保持了平坦的构造形式，其非常适合嵌入到地面中。具有侧壁的屏蔽板的槽状设计又确保了良好的屏蔽并且因此确保了良好的EMV兼容性。
附图说明
现在根据附图的图示详细说明本发明的优选的、然而不具限制性的实施例。在此，特征是示意性示出的。其示出
图1以俯视图示出地面侧的线圈布置。
图2以侧视图示出地面侧的线圈布置。
具体实施方式
这些附图示出布置在地面侧的用于电动车的充电装置10，所述充电装置用于感应式输出能量。能量由未示出的车辆侧的线圈接收。地面侧的充电装置10嵌入到地面11中。图1示出所述部件的俯视图，而图2示出所述部件的侧视图。
布置在地面侧的充电装置10包括第一线圈12以及共面地布置的第二线圈13。两个线圈12，13是同等大小的并且原则上构造成相同类型的。线圈12，13分别在一个平面上缠绕，即不具有螺旋特性。两个线圈12，13是矩形的线圈，即线圈12，13的印制导线直线地延伸直到相应的线圈12，13的角部附近中并且然后以大约15mm的曲率半径弯曲90°。
在本实例中，线圈12，13的宽度120是231mm并且长度121是505mm。每个线圈12，13具有中心开口14，15，所述中心开口的尺寸为379mm x 105mm。这两个线圈12，13以其长的外侧间隔14mm的并排放置。如在图2中可识别的，线圈12，13在此嵌入到由塑料构成的线圈架21中。
线圈12，13部分地平放在平坦的U型铁氧体磁芯16上。铁氧体磁芯16由矩形的平板161以及两个铁芯块162构成。平板161为15mm厚并且从下方横穿两个线圈12，13的彼此邻接的区域。铁芯块162在其自身一侧是矩形的并且以3个边在平板161上齐平地闭合。铁芯块162长度为300mm，宽度为95mm，高度为15mm。因此，从具有线圈12，13的共同的支承面起，算上平板161的高度，铁芯块162高于线圈12，13。因此，铁芯块162完全穿过中心开口14，15并且从其上伸出若干mm。铁芯块162在宽度上几乎完全填充中心开口14，15并且铁芯块162在长度上比中心开口14，15短80mm。因此，铁芯块162填充中心开口14，15很好的填充了70％的中心开口。平板161本身和因而的铁氧体磁芯16作为整体具有340mm的宽度和300mm的长度，所述长度等于铁芯块162的长度。
在线圈12、13旁边布置有电容器板17。
所述部件以8mm厚的底板22为基础，底板的尺寸为730mm x 580mm。底板22又放置在设计为槽状的由铝制成的屏蔽板23上。屏蔽板23具有平坦的底面和垂直于所述底面的侧壁。屏蔽板23的侧壁突出直到以下高度，即等于线圈12，13的或铁氧体磁芯16的结构高度、即例如30mm。屏蔽板的宽度和长度是750mm和600mm。在底板22和线圈架21和铁氧体磁芯16上方，线圈12，13如下地朝向屏蔽板23布置，使得在线圈12，13和屏蔽板23之间实现23mm的间距。
两个线圈12，13与能控制的电源连接，所述电源在附图中未示出。能控制的电源负责驱控线圈12，13，因此实现了以适当的频率的感应式能量传输。为此，只要需要充电过程，则将所控制的交变场施加到线圈12，13上。为此，充电装置优选地还包括通讯装置，所述通讯装置能够与电动车交换充电过程的参数、例如最大功率或诸如此类的。在此，能控制的电源如下地与线圈12，13连接，即在线圈12，13中始终产生相反的电流方向。在此适宜的是，在线圈12，13中的其他电流参数是相同的，即电流强度始终是相同，仅仅交换了方向。
利用未示出的车辆侧的线圈布置进行对于由充电装置10输出的能量的接收。所述线圈布置具有平板状的次级铁氧体磁芯，HF绞合线(轮廓绞合线)作为螺管线圈缠绕该次级铁氧体磁芯。次级铁氧体磁芯和由此的主要是车辆侧的线圈布置在宽度和长度上明显小于线圈12，13。因此，由于线圈布置的彼此相对的侧向偏移有利地仅微弱地影响了这种耦合。在本实例中，次级铁氧体磁芯的长度和宽度是230mm和240mm。因此利用初级侧的铁氧体磁芯的尺寸，次级铁氧体磁芯覆盖了初级铁氧体磁芯的大约多于50％的面积。有利地，由于所说明的几何形状，若干cm的侧向偏移不过多地改变能量传输。
次级屏蔽板优选地具有与初级屏蔽板的大小大致相等的尺寸，特别是至少为400mm x 400mm。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于感应式无线输出能量到电驱动的车辆的接收线圈(14)上的充电装置，所述充电装置包括：
构造为圆形的在平面上延伸的能导电的第一线圈(12)，所述第一线圈具有在所述第一线圈(12)的中心的第一中心开口，
构造为圆形的在平面上延伸的能导电的第二线圈(13)，所述第二线圈具有在所述第二线圈(13)的中心的第二中心开口，
铁氧体磁芯，
具有矩形底板的屏蔽板，在所述屏蔽板上布置了所述铁氧体磁芯和共面的所述线圈，
其中，线圈架中的所述线圈如下地布置在所述屏蔽板上，在所述屏蔽板和所述线圈的下边缘之间的间距保持在15至25mm之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的充电装置，其中，所述间距在18到22mm之间。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的充电装置，其中，所述铁氧体磁芯是U型的，并且所述铁氧体磁芯构造为在所述线圈之下延伸的厚度在10mm到20mm之间的平板和与所述平板相连的第一和第二铁芯块。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的充电装置，具有布置在所述铁氧体磁芯的所述平板的下方的底板，所述底板具有在5mm到15mm之间的厚度、特别地具有在6mm到10mm之间的厚度。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的充电装置，其中，所述第一线圈(12)和第二线圈与能控制的电源连接，以使得在所述第二线圈(13)中的电流方向取向成与所述第一线圈(12)中的电流方向相反的。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的充电装置，其中，所述第一线圈(12)和所述第二线圈(13)构造成同等大小的。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的充电装置，具有矩形构造的所述第一线圈和所述第二线圈。
8.一种具有根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的充电装置和电驱动的车辆的接收线圈(14)的充电系统，其中，所述接收线圈包括次级铁氧体磁芯，所述次级铁氧体磁芯的长度和宽度分别在所述铁氧体磁芯的所述平板的长度和宽度的30％和70％之间。
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