CN104515310A - Vertical groove type paraboloid synchronous tracking solar thermal power generation system - Google Patents
Vertical groove type paraboloid synchronous tracking solar thermal power generation system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
In the invention, through the cooperation of a large glass vacuum heat-absorbing tube provided with a U-shaped medium pipeline and heat-conducting fins with a large groove type paraboloid reflecting mirror, a groove type paraboloid heat collector is formed, every two sets of the heat collectors are symmetrically combined to form a shoulder pole-shaped unit sail which is vertically arranged, and thousands of unit sails are combined with a thermal power generation system to form a vertical groove type paraboloid synchronous tracking solar thermal power generation system. Unique warpwise and weftwise synchronous tracking devices enable all the unit sails to precisely focus sunshine and heat the glass vacuum heatabsorbing tubes so as to heat mediums. The same medium pipeline can continuously penetrate through the glass vacuum heat-absorbing tubes in the multiple groove type paraboloid heat collectors, so that the temperature of the mediums can quickly reach 300-400 DEG C or even higher. Most high-temperature mediums are thermally exchanged to generate a large amount of overheat steam so as to propel a turbogenerator to generate electricity; the cost is close to or even lower than the coal-fired power generation level; and the vertical groove type paraboloid synchronous tracking solar thermal power generation system is one of the most effective paths for people to obtain clean energy with low cost in large scale.
Description
One, technical field
Patent of the present invention relates to a kind of device utilizing vertical tray parabola synchronized tracking sunlight to produce high temperature heat source, especially possessing synchronized tracking makes the direct precisely heating flow medium of high density sunlight produce the high temperature of 300 DEG C-400 DEG C with focusing dual-use function, produce superheated steam by heat exchange, promote the novel solar generating system apparatus of the steam turbine generator generating matched.Belong to high-temperature hot in solar energy utilize in power field take up an area minimum, most effective, power output is the most stable, structure is simple, reliable, cost and the minimum new technology of operating cost.
The method also the most applicable existing small-sized heat power station is transformed into " solar energy--firepower integrated power station ", small investment, take up an area little, be convenient to implement, fire coal can be reduced in a large number, and avoid great quantity of small heat power station be eliminated close misfortune, the waste not only having avoided a large amount of state-owned assets, especially has important practical significance for China significantly reduces carbon emission simultaneously but also a large amount of worker can not be caused to be laid off.
According to the solar heat power generation system that this principle manufactures, its cost performance can surmount existing horizontal groove type paraboloid formula, spherical surface focusing formula and the solar heat power generation system such as tower, makes its cost of electricity-generating close to even lower than coal-fired station.It a kind ofly obtains one of mode of the permanent cleanliness energy on a large scale with minimum cost.Through we to " Domestic synchronous tracking solar boiler " (patent No.: ZL00219088.5) and " the automatic tracking solar boiling water device of portable non-transformer " (patent No.: ZL200620069377.3) more than ten years development, test and use throughout the year, prove that manufacture large-scale " vertical tray parabola synchronous sun tracking energy thermal electric generator " is feasible.
Two, background technology
According to statistics, because countries in the world are to the excessive exploitation of fossil fuel, the petroleum reserves of the earth only enough will exploit 50-60, coal how 100 year only, and how harsh this be the fact! At present, China has become second-biggest-in-the-world economy, and energy resource consumption is the first in the world almost, and carbon emission is prostatitis, the world especially! Current energy source and environmental pollution will be that restriction China continues stable fast-developing major obstacle, main cities PM2.5 significantly exceed standard make compatriots heightened awareness to merely developing the heavy cost paid.
People do one's utmost to find new forms of energy approach for this reason: the clean energy resourcies such as current nuclear energy, wind energy, photovoltaic, solar energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, tide energy and regenerative resource all obtain development & application to a certain extent, its development speed and scale different, wherein, wind energy and photovoltaic develop rapid especially in China, only just enter prostatitis, the world, nuclear energy with ten years also moving forward steadily, solar low-temperature heat utilization ranks the first in the world for a long time, and significant contribution has all been made to clean energy resource and the national economic development in these aspects.
But practical experience explanation for many years, the production of extensive clean energy resource not yet finds preferred plan, wherein: nuclear energy uses exist greater risk, the nuclear power station leakage accident of Russia and Japan makes the world hang back, and some developed country or considers to abandon nuclear power; There is the unstability of power in wind energy, grid-connected difficulty; The cost of photovoltaic generation is too high, and pure silicon manufacture consumes mass energy and produces pollution, and the photovoltaic cell of China almost all exports, and global output is 15GW, and China is 8GW, and domestic using by oneself only has 5%, exports up to 95%.This HIGH-PURITY SILICON of 95% and the outlet of photovoltaic cell consume a large amount of energy and material.China 1/4 carbon dioxide is contained in inside exported product, and the product of China's cheapness does not bring how many profits, but brings a large amount of carbon dioxide.China's industrial production technology backwardness relatively, exacerbates again the high-carbon economic characteristics of China further.
Through exploring, present people generally believe the most feasible method only having the heat energy power-generating technology of solar energy to be only alternative large-scale industry generating.
Solar energy thermal-power-generating utilizes large scale array parabola or dish-shaped minute surface to collect solar thermal energy, provides steam, in conjunction with the technique of traditional steam turbine generator, thus reach the object of generating by heat-exchanger rig.Adopt solar energy thermal-power-generating technology, avoid expensive silicon wafer opto-electronic conversion technique, greatly can reduce the cost of solar electrical energy generation.And, the Solar use of this form also has an other forms of solar energy to change incomparable advantage, namely sun the subject of knowledge and the object of knowledge burns the high-temperature medium of heat as being stored in huge container, within several hours after the sun sets, still can drive steam turbine power generation.In general, solar energy thermal-power-generating form has slot type, tower, dish-style three kinds of systems.
1, trough type solar power generation
Trough type solar power generation is divided into " horizontal slot type " and " vertical tray " two kinds.But current " horizontal slot type " in the world, and " vertical tray " is the present invention.So, the every report in our times various places " trough type solar power generation " be all content about " horizontal trough type solar power generation ".
Trough type solar power generation is also called groove type parabolic mirror solar heat power generation system, is by many grooved parabolic concentrator heat collectors through series-parallel arrangement, heating working medium, produces high-temperature steam, and driving steam turbine generating set generates electricity.
(1) horizontal trough type solar power generation:
Horizontal trough type solar power generation keeps flat on the ground through series-parallel arrangement by grooved parabolic concentrator heat collector, and heating working medium produces high-temperature steam, and driving steam turbine generating set generates electricity.
The U.S. builds up 354MW last century, and Spain builds up 50MW.Current China is just setting about carrying out the horizontal trough type solar power generation experimental rig of 100kW.
Its advantage is: condenser mirror laterally fixes on the ground, so effectively can resist the invasion and attack of high wind, also reduces the cost of the hardware of supporting reflex mirror system.
Its shortcoming is: horizontal groove type parabolic mirror cannot realize tracking truly and focusing, because groove type paraboloid can only be parallel to ground make one dimension pursuit movement, this greatly differs from each other from the tracking in astronomy meaning, perhaps summer the meridian hour is only had just to have optimum focusing (because only have at this very moment position of sun just closest to parabola best focus position), although and other times groove type paraboloid continuation " tracking ", but position of sun more and more departs from the normal of groove type paraboloid, focus point then more departs from the center line of thermal-collecting tube, focusing is caused to become " defocusing " deleterious, winter even effectively can not heat the medium in thermal-collecting tube, this is that astronomy and optical principle determined, therefore, will in whole day, make full use of solar energy aspect the whole year to have a greatly reduced quality, it is the impassable maximum inadequate natural endowment of horizontal groove type paraboloid solar heat generating, secondly, because horizontal Trough Concentrating System is parallel to the ground, therefore suitable dust stratification and removal dust difficulty, especially at the region long-play that dust storm is large, cleaning work is quite heavy, if do not cleared up for a long time, generating efficiency certainly will be caused significantly to reduce.
(2) vertical tray solar energy thermal-power-generating:
Vertical tray solar energy thermal-power-generating is vertically arranged on above the ground through series-parallel arrangement by groove type paraboloid (condenser mirror) heat collector, form large-scale vertical tray parabolic collector array (being called for short " solar sail array "), synchronous tracks sunlight automatically, heat medium, produce high-temperature steam, driving steam turbine generating set generates electricity:
On the Northern Hemisphere, vertical tray parabolic collector array surface is to Due South, and parabola normal is just to the sun, and to " synchronously from motion tracking " that the sun carries out from east to west, heat medium, produces high-temperature steam, and driving steam turbine generating set generates electricity;
In the Southern Hemisphere, vertical tray parabolic collector array surface aligns the north, and parabola normal is just to the sun, and to " synchronously from motion tracking " that the sun carries out from east to west, heat medium, produces high-temperature steam, and driving steam turbine generating set generates electricity;
Its advantage is:
A, the vertical Trough Concentrating System installed achieve truly carry out automatically and accurately following the tracks of to sunlight, tracking accuracy can reach ± 1 °/24 hours, reaches can exactly sunlight be focused on heat collector for more than 12 hours from early morning to other evening.Solar energy can be received in the most stable mode, the efficiency of solar energy can be played to greatest extent, obtain maximum electric power with minimum cost.
B, it is reported horizontal solar parabolic through power generation system, floor space 20%-30% less of other solar heat power generation systems, and vertical tray solar heat power generation system is due to the feature of its vertical installation, floor space is more less than horizontal solar parabolic through power generation system, and speculum minimum point overhead minimum range also have 2 meters, paraboloidal shadow can move along with the movement of the sun, only have few ground to can not see sunlight always, so have at least 50% ground to be applicable to greening or plantation, thus can farmland saving in a large number, these applicable China's actual conditions.
The mode of c, synchronized tracking sunlight is better than other tracking modes such as photoelectric tracking, and it is the simplest, Continuous Tracking mode reliably up to now, and no matter how weather changes, and become a fine day as after fine one minute but rainy next, rain, it can accurately and incessantly from motion tracking.As long as longitudinal tracking angular rate controls at 15 °/hour, precision reaches
± 1 °/24 hours, just can not adjust within 72 hours, precision more Gao Ze is longer without the need to the cycle of adjustment.
D, when time from afternoon 6 to early morning 6 time; enter night to run; Trough Concentrating System just in time sky dorsad; this protects condenser and heat collector (vacuum heat absorbing pipe) night not by the peculiar function that hail, wind and snow, dust storm attack, and therefore can substantially increase the service life of condenser mirror and heat collector.Even if certainly run into bad weather daytime can utilize this function equally, control Trough Concentrating System fast and turn to, to protect condenser and vacuum heat absorbing pipe, and additive method is incomparable;
E, due to the sun in 1 year from winter to summer, be changed to about 45 ° from the tropic of Capricorn to tropic of cancer latitude,
So the speed that vertical tray condenser mirror follows the tracks of latitude change is extremely low, to such an extent as within one month, only have the change of 2 ° ~ 4 °, the present invention can adopt adjustment in 1 week once for this reason, both can also can electronic mode adjust to manually, for small-sized Jing Chang, staff borrows the chance of making an inspection tour speculum field just can complete this work, avoids unnecessary investment.
F, running expense of the present invention are the minimum of various solar energy thermal-power-generating, and can be used for middle-size and small-size heat power station technological transformation, become " solar energy one firepower integrated power station ", the direct input queued switches of the high-temperature steam original turbine LP rotors generating that photothermal deformation is produced, and original coal-burning boiler is still retained as sleety weather, the supplementing of night and thermal source in winter;
G, be axially 20 ° with ground due to vertical tray condenser mirror--70 ° of angles, therefore unlike the suitable dust stratification of horizontal Trough Concentrating System, and remove dust convenient (available shower water flushing), this ensures that mirror surface is clean, one of key factor that solar energy system efficiently works for a long time, is particularly useful for the atmospheric conditions of China.
Its shortcoming is:
A, vertical tray light gathering reflector mirror system setting height(from bottom) are higher than horizontal Trough Concentrating System system, and therefore installation difficulty Lue is high.
B, require that Trough Concentrating System has wind loading rating, therefore higher to Structural strength calls.
The glass evacuated endothermic tube manufacture difficulty of c, large scale (external diameter 200mm about length 5000mm) is larger.
2, tower type solar energy thermal power generation
It is, on very large-area place, many large-sized solar speculums are housed, and is commonly referred to " heliostat ", and every platform is furnished with follower all separately and sunshine reflection is focused on the recipient of a high top of tower accurately.Concentration magnification on recipient can more than 1000 times.The solar energy absorbed is changed into heat energy here, then heat energy is passed to working medium, through accumulation of heat link, then input heat power machine, expand and do manual work, drive electrical generators generates electricity.Nineteen eighty-two, the U.S. builds up the tower-type solar thermal power generating system of " No. 1, the sun " in desert area.Within 1992, device is through repacking, for molten salt receiver and the regenerative apparatus of demonstrating.After, start again to build " No. 2, the sun " system, and generated electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems in 1996.Nanjing and Beijing all have tower type solar energy thermal power generation experimental system on a small scale.
Its advantage is: heliostat, and every platform has follower sunshine reflection to be focused on the recipient of a high top of tower, and the degree of accuracy is high.
Its shortcoming is: cost is too high, floor space large, and mechanism is complicated, and system running energy resource consumption is high; Focus temperature is too high can not use general steam turbine power generation, and original electric power factory equipment probably can not utilize; Because heliostat with accept tower distance, when air is pure not, on efficiency impact larger than additive method.
3, disc type solar energy heat generating
Principal character adopts disk like parabolic concentrator heat collector, and because disk like paraboloidal mirror is a kind of point focusing heat collector, its focusing ratio up to hundreds of to thousands of times, can produce very high temperature.Early 1980s, first research and develop by Sweden and the U.S., mostly adopt Silver/glass condenser, tubulose direct irradiation formula thermal-collecting tube and USAB4-95 type heat engine.Since the nineties, some enterprise of the U.S. and Germany and research institution, under government-funded, accelerate the research and development of dish-style system, promote its commercialization process.
4, conclusion:
In sum, three kinds of systems only have horizontal slot type line focusing system to achieve commercialization at present, and other two kinds are in demonstration phase.Its Performance comparision is as shown in table 1.
The various solar heat power generation system Performance comparision of table 1
Solar thermal power generation system with regard to several form is compared, current tank-type thermal power generation system is the most ripe, the maturity of tower type thermal generation system is at present not as groove type paraboloid heat generating system, and although the parabola disc type heat generating system being equipped with stirling generator has more excellent performance indications, but main still for backwoodsman small-sized independently-powered at present, lack the prospect of large-scale grid connection application.
In any case solar energy thermal-power-generating technology is just more and more subject to global attention and tries to explore among development.Solar energy thermal-power-generating research embodies the important front edge direction of world energy sources scientific development in current and even coming few decades and great Basic Problems, significant to the smooth enforcement of the extensive utilization of solar energy thermal-power-generating, the strategy of sustainable development.The demand of International Energy Agency (IEA) to 2000 ~ the year two thousand thirty International Power is studied, and research shows, the generating total amount average annual growth rate from regenerative resource will be the fastest.In Future 30 Years, the generating of fuel more any than other all will increase soon by non-hydro renewable sources power generation, annual growth rate nearly 6%, and between 2000 ~ the year two thousand thirty, its gross generation will increase by 500, and to the year two thousand thirty, it will provide 4.4% of world's total electricity.
China has formulated the non-fossil energy of the year two thousand twenty and has used the target reaching 15%, and this must rely on the clean energy resourcies such as development solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy.
In sum, vertical tray solar energy thermal-power-generating is when the whole world occurs that energy scarcity, environmental pollution, terrestrial climate change, greenhouse effects are on the rise, and one that arises at the historic moment cheapness can manufacture new technology, the new invention of green energy resource on a large scale.
During the last ten years we by the research of small-sized vertical tray parabola synchronized tracking light and heat collection solar energy equipment (Domestic synchronous tracking solar boiler), small lot batch manufacture and throughout the year both at home and abroad (Nanjing of China and Canadian Ottawa) uses the experience obtained to absolutely prove: vertical tray parabola synchronized tracking be truly carry out automatically and accurately following the tracks of to sunlight, it is the simplest, reliable Continuous Tracking mode up to now; Floor space is more less than horizontal groove type paraboloid, thus can farmland saving in a large number; Investment of the present invention and running expense are minimum in all kinds of solar heat power generation system; The power rate produced is closest to even lower than coal-fired thermal power generation electricity price, and there are not atmosphere pollution and other environmental pollutions.Spread vertical tray solar heat power generation system, reduces carbon emission index in a large number for China, is an approach the most effective for China big and medium-sized cities reappear blue sky and white cloud, with state and the people favourable, especially meeting China's actual conditions, is feasible.
Three, summary of the invention
The present invention is that collection is astronomical, heat transfer, optics, dynamo-electric, the large-sized solar high-temperature hot that material is integrated utilizes new product, above-mentioned key problem in technology is achieved in that and utilizes large glass vacuum heat absorbing pipe (high-temperature medium conveyance conduit is equipped with in inside) and large-scale slot type minute surface parabola to combine, matching with the vertical installation of uniqueness and distinctive synchronous drive device makes the slot type minute surface parabola of whole array around respective glass evacuated endothermic tube center rotating, from the motion tracking sun, the sunlight be radiated on minute surface parabola is accurately focused on the whole length of vacuum heat absorbing pipe, thus with the energy high strength of decades of times sunlight, Fast Heating is carried out to every root large glass vacuum heat absorbing pipe, heat absorbing coating rapid temperature increases in vacuum heat absorbing pipe, exchanged by High Efficiency Thermal, medium (as conduction oil) in medium transport pipe in glass evacuated endothermic tube is constantly heated, because same medium transport pipeline can continuously through the glass evacuated endothermic tube in multiaspect groove type paraboloid, continuously heating makes medium temperature reach rapidly the even higher temperature of 300-400 degree.
As long as the quantity of slot type minute surface parabola and glass evacuated endothermic tube assembled unit is abundant, and they are connected, and be unified into " the solar sail array " of huge height about 10 meters, so will produce the high temperature fluid medium of sufficient amount, then converged by pipeline and inputted in " the high temperature fluid medium case " of Large Copacity insulation, this case is huge accumulator, when in case, high temperature fluid medium flows into large-scale heat exchanger with certain speed, heat exchanger is equivalent coal-burning boiler just, make water can be heated to form high temperature and high pressure steam rapidly, for promoting Turbo-generator Set generating.The principle of vertical tray parabolic solar heat generating that Here it is.
Then, cryogenic media is become after the high temperature fluid medium of over-heat-exchanger releases heat, flow in jumbo equally " cryogen medium box " by pipeline, this case is huge warmer and buffer, in case, cryogen medium has coming back in large-scale " solar sail array " with certain speed inflow medium transport pipeline of control to carry out circulating-heating, this circulatory system is closed, and fluid media (medium) there is no loss.
Although the high temperature and high pressure steam after promoting Turbo-generator Set acting becomes low temperature and low pressure steam, gaseous steam cannot recycle, and is wherein also full of a large amount of heat energy; In order to make full use of these waste heats, low temperature and low pressure steam being inputted cryophorus, while a large amount of low temperature and low pressure steams is condensed into water by it, the thermal release of steam being out used for heating cold water and being transformed into hot water, supply people live use.Because generation high temperature and high pressure steam must be soft water, be through pretreated soft water or distilled water, can not tie alkali and fouling, can recycle, the water that therefore steam-condensation becomes is flow to the low temperature water tank use to be recycled be arranged in above heat exchanger by back of pipeline.It is more than the basic procedure of vertical tray solar heat power generation system.
Four, accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is total figure of whole system of the present invention, and the left side is heat generating system, the right is that vertical tray parabola array heat collection system is called for short " solar sail array ".
Fig. 2 is " unit battle array " front view in " solar sail array " of the present invention, and " unit battle array " comprises 6 fans " unit sail ".
Fig. 3 is one group of " unit sail " front view in " solar sail array " of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the enlarged drawing in " unit sail " of the present invention centre.
Fig. 5 is large-scale vacuum endothermic tube sectional view of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the sectional view of vertical tray parabolic collector of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is " solar sail array " of the present invention latitude direction (angle of pitch change) follower front view.
Fig. 8 is latitude direction of the present invention follower side view.
Fig. 9 is the side view that " unit sail " of the present invention runs to towards east.
Figure 10 is the side view that " unit sail " of the present invention runs to towards due south.
Figure 11 is the side view that " unit sail " of the present invention runs to towards west.
Figure 12 is the side view that " unit sail " of the present invention runs to towards ground.
Figure 13 is heat generating system schematic diagram of the present invention.
Wherein shown in Fig. 3 composition graphs 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6: pipe, 11 fork frame, 12 bearing outer tubes, 13 minor sprockets, the miniature cycloidal planetary gear speed reducer of 14-1,14-2 follower base, the miniature worm-gear speed reducer of 14-3,14-4 stepper motor in the shaping backboard of 1 parabola, 2 parabola edge compact heaps, 3 vacuum heat absorbing pipe tailstocks, 4 metallic support rod, 5 large-scale vacuum endothermic tubes, 6 high-temperature medium U-tube, 7 silica gel rings, 8 bearing upper end covers, 9 radial-thrust bearings, 10 bearings, 15 turn to medium tube, 16 Outer Tubes, 17 ears forks, 18 large-scale four-way flanged pipes, 19 installation and maintenance hole, fronts, 20 ground supports framves, 21 steel pipe crossbeams, 22 driving-chains, 23 hinge wheels, 24 Chain conveyer protective covers, 25 vacuum heat absorbing pipe pipe tail protective covers, 26 medium valves, 27 medium back flow pipes, 28 four-way pipes, 29 ground supports framves, 30 minute surface parabolas, 31 pipeline inner thermal insulating layers, 32 medium bend pipes, 33 medium tube locking nuts, 34 medium tube heat transmission fins, 35 installation and maintenance hole, sides, 36 silicone rubber pads, 37 bearing bottom end covers.
Wherein shown in Fig. 7: 38 secondary hinge wheels, 39 secondary hinge wheel wheel hubs, 40 second grade transmission chains, 41 ground supports framves, 42 two-stage chain transmission protective covers, 43 one-level hinge wheels, 44 one-level hinge wheel wheel hubs, 45 secondary minor sprockets, 46 first grade transmission chains, 47 one-level Chain conveyer protective covers, 48 worm reduction gears and minor sprocket, 49 operation handwheels.
Wherein shown in Figure 13: 50 cryophorus, 51 running water water inlet pipes, 52 low-pressure steam pipelines, 53 generating sets, 54 Steam Turbine, 55 solidifying water water return pipelines, 56 high temperature and high pressure steam pipelines, 57 cryogenic media flow pumps, 58 cryogen medium boxes, 59 cryogen medium pipelines, 60 soft water water tanks, 61 heat exchangers, 62 soft water supplement mouth, 63 soft water flux valves, 64 high-temperature medium flow pumps, 65 high temperature fluid medium casees, 66 high temperature fluid medium house stewards, 67 domestic hot-water's outlet pipes, 68 cryogen medium house stewards, 69 reversal valves, the high steam pipeline of the 70 original coal-burning boilers in power plant.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention's " vertical tray parabola synchronous sun tracking energy heat generating system " (when being positioned at the Northern Hemisphere) is further illustrated:
Fig. 1 is total figure of vertical tray parabola synchronous sun tracking energy heat generating system of the present invention, it is by vertical tray parabola array heat collection system A (being called for short " solar sail array "), high-temperature medium pipeline system B, cryogenic media reflux line system C and heat generating system D tetra-major part composition, wherein be connected with cryogenic media house steward (66) with high-temperature medium house steward (64) between " solar sail array " system A and heat generating system D two large divisions, wherein high-temperature medium house steward is responsible for the 300-400 DEG C of high temperature heat conductive oil of " solar sail array " being transported to heat generating system and produces high steam generating, cryogenic media house steward is then responsible for that used for heat generating system low temperature conduction oil is turned back to " solar sail array " and again heats, and so circulation causes the continuous running of heat generating system.
Fig. 2 is one " unit battle array " in " solar sail array " of the present invention, one " unit battle array " comprises 6 groups " unit sails ", often group " unit sail " all has laterally zygomorphic two fans " minute surface parabolic collector ", often fan " minute surface parabolic collector " all comprise one group of synchronous follow-up device, thus in one " unit battle array " amount to 12 fan " minute surface parabolic collector " the synchronous from motion tracking of longitudinal can be carried out to the sun.
In addition, one group of parabola angle of pitch guiding mechanism is also comprised in " unit battle array " of the present invention, 6 groups " unit sails " i.e. 12 fans " minute surface parabolic collector " can be made to do latitudinal tracking, and employing manually realize this function, is of the present invention one large feature simultaneously.
The present invention's each " unit battle array " can independent heating conduction oil to required 300-400 DEG C of high temperature, and have high-temperature medium conveyance conduit, cryogenic media reflux line, pipeline valve etc. to coordinate with it, form complete medium loop, huge " solar sail array " system can be unified into, so " unit battle array " is the thermal unit of solar energy thermal-power-generating the most basic in the present invention with other " unit battle arrays ".
Fig. 3 of the present inventionly comprises synchronized tracking mechanism " unit sail " front view, and one group " unit sail " comprises each one side " vertical tray parabola ", every face " vertical tray parabola " up and down a set of independently longitudinal synchronized tracking mechanism.
As shown in Figure 3: the two ends of the shaping backboard 1 of parabola are provided with parabola compact heap 2, two metallic support rod 4 and nine shaping backboards of parabola can be conspired to create framework, utilize compact heap 2 firmly can compress the edge of minute surface parabola 30 and ensure paraboloidal formed precision.Again vacuum heat absorbing pipe tailstock 3 is fixed on the shaping backboard of corresponding parabola through two place's rectangular openings on minute surface parabola, and then two metallic support rod 4 of mounted " minute surface parabola " framework are inserted and secured in fork frame 11.And in fork frame 11, silica gel ring 7, bearing upper end cover 8, radial-thrust bearing 9, bearing pipe 10, bearing outer tube 12, silicone rubber pad 36 and bearing bottom end cover 37 composition " rotation carriage mechanism " just can ensure " minute surface parabola " light, rotate flexibly.
The large-scale vacuum endothermic tube 5 that high-temperature medium U-tube 6 and the hot fin 34 of medium tube Fu are housed is inserted from the annulus vacuum heat absorbing pipe tailstock 3, and progress into bearing upper end cover 8 and enter pipe 10 in bearing again and arrive at after silicone rubber pad 36 fixing always, thus and " minute surface parabola " combine and form " vertical tray parabolic collector ".
Two fans " vertical tray parabolic collector " are separately fixed in two end flanges up and down of four-way flanged pipe 18, by installation and maintenance hole, side 35, high-temperature medium U-tube 6 and medium bend pipe 32 medium tube locking nut 33 are locked; By installation and maintenance hole, front 19, the medium pipeline in medium bend pipe 32 and steel pipe crossbeam 21 is locked with medium tube locking nut too, thus form one group of complete " unit sail " medium pipeline.
All be filled with resistant to elevated temperatures rock wool heat-preservation material in four-way flanged pipe of the present invention and crossbeam steel pipe, during work, medium pipeline passes into conduction oil, and due to good sealing and heat-insulating property, the defeated thermal efficiency of conduction oil can be ensured effectively.
Vacuum heat absorbing pipe tailstock 3 can make the axis of large-scale vacuum endothermic tube 5 and paraboloidal focal line parallel and keep overlapping on whole pipe range, has both ensured the high efficiency of solar thermal collector, can improve again the rigidity of " minute surface parabolic collector " structure.
The system of synchronized tracking mechanism of longitudinal of the present invention by: minor sprocket 13, follow the tracks of reducing gear (comprising miniature cycloidal planetary gear speed reducer 14-1, reductor support 14-2, miniature worm reduction gear 14-3, stepper motor 14-4, electric control gear etc.), driving-chain 22, hinge wheel 23, Chain conveyer protective cover 24 etc. form.The power of synchronized tracking mechanism is delivered to miniature cycloidal planetary gear speed reducer until minor sprocket 13 by stepper motor through miniature worm reduction gear, hinge wheel 23 is delivered to again through driving-chain 22, thus drive " minute surface parabolic collector ", accurately longitudinal synchronized tracking is done to the sun.
In synchronized tracking process, sunlight focuses on focal line on vacuum heat absorbing pipe and on-fixed, but is slow mobile status with the running of " minute surface parabolic collector ", and this is very favourable to the life-span of vacuum heat absorbing pipe heat absorbing coating.
Through primary Calculation, when stepper motor rotating speed is 150 revs/min, the speed ratio that whole warp-wise follows the tracks of reducing gear is about 216000, and because the precision of stepper motor is without accumulated error, synchronized tracking mechanism can reach high-precision requirement completely.This scheme is very energy-conservation, and the stepper motor of tens of watts can produce the high pulling torque of Newton/meter up to a hundred, can easily drive " the minute surface parabolic collector " of hundreds of kilograms to realize the constant speed slow circumvolve of 15 degree/hour.
" unit sail " is the basic element of character of composition " unit battle array ", often group " unit sail " is all made up of two sides " vertical tray parabolic collector ", form shoulder pole shape, this structure is not only increase by 1 times of solar energy heating area (often group " unit sail " collector area reaches 25 square metres), and balance the weight of large scale structure, the turning cylinder of two fans " vertical tray parabolic collector " is all arranged on large-scale four-way flanged pipe by a pair large-size rolling bearing simultaneously, thus greatly reduces " unit sail " energy consumption in tracing process.
Fig. 4 is the enlarged drawing of Fig. 3 centre structure, can show the driving principle of synchronized tracking mechanism and the connected mode of medium pipeline joint.
Fig. 5 is vacuum heat absorbing pipe amplification view, can find out the glide path of conduction oil from medium U-tube, and the heat transfer type that vacuum heat absorbing pipe inner tubal wall is close to by thermofin can ensure there is best heat-transfer effect between vacuum heat absorbing pipe and medium pipeline.
Fig. 6 is the sectional view of parabolic collector, can find out that how minute surface parabola focuses on sunlight on glass evacuated endothermic tube thus make the conduction oil in pipe be rapidly heated to the principle of high temperature.
Fig. 7 is " unit battle array " of the present invention latitude direction (angle of pitch change) follower front view.
As shown in Figure 7: operator's hand-held operation handwheel 49 rotates, slowed down by worm reduction gear 48, minor sprocket drives one-level hinge wheel 43 to slow down further through first grade transmission chain 46, secondary hinge wheel 38 is driven through second grade transmission chain 40 again by the secondary minor sprocket 45 that hinge wheel 43 is direct-connected, carrying out third time slows down, then drives whole 6 group " unit sails " namely 12 to fan " vertical tray parabolic collector " simultaneously to sunlight make latitudinal accurate adjustment by steel pipe crossbeam with speed extremely slowly by secondary hinge wheel wheel hub 39.Because often group " unit sail " is all made up of two sides " vertical tray parabolic collector ", balance the weight of structure, so make artificial fine setting 12 " minute surface parabolic collectors " simultaneously do latitudinal tracking to sunlight become possibility.
According to chronometer data with put into practice for many years, the maximum change of any one solar latitude only about 45 degree on the earth, this change extreme value is completed in half a year, therefore such adjustment only needs per weekly to carry out that once it is enough, each need adjust 1-2 degree, this does not affect the efficiency of solar energy thermal-power-generating at all, and by this work can promoting working processes personnel to the tour of Jing Chang, kill two birds with one stone.
Follow the tracks of so the present invention adopts artificial adjustment to realize latitude, overall structure greatly simplified, can investment reduction and running greatly, maintenance cost.
Fig. 8 is " unit battle array " of the present invention latitude direction (angle of pitch change) follower side view.The layout of follower can be seen further clearly.
Fig. 9, Figure 10, Figure 11, Figure 12 are the view that " unit sail " of the present invention runs to four orientation towards Dong-Nan-Xi-north respectively.Its Middle East-Nan-Xi be the sun from sunrise-noon-sunset, be the active section of solar energy.And " unit sail " run to towards west-orientation of north-Dong time, be the sun from sunset-midnight-sunrise, be the inoperative section of solar energy.Run when entering night; Trough Concentrating System just in time sky dorsad; this protects condenser and heat collector (vacuum heat absorbing pipe) night not by the peculiar function that dust storm, hail, wind and snow attack, and therefore greatly can improve the service life of condenser mirror and heat collector.
Figure 13 is heat generating system schematic diagram, except the conveying of high-temperature medium, insulation, storage, temperature control, backflow, etc. except technology, such as heat exchange, condensation, steam turbine power generation, center-control etc. are prior art substantially, do not belong to the category of patent of the present invention.
Shown in Figure 13: the 300-400 DEG C of high-temperature medium collected by " solar sail array " flows in high temperature fluid medium case 65 through high temperature fluid medium house steward 66 and store, the soft water of high temperature fluid medium in high-temperature medium flow pump 64 quantitatively inflow heat exchanger 61, simultaneously soft water water tank 60 also quantitatively enters heat exchanger 61 through flow valve 63, heat exchanger is equivalent to large-sized boiler, exchange through high-efficiency thermal, soft water becomes overheated high steam and enters steam turbine 54 through reversal valve, pushing turbine rotates, thus drive electrical generators 53 generates electricity.And high temperature fluid medium becomes in cryogen medium inflow cryogen medium box 58 after heat exchanger heat exchange.Cryogen medium pumps into cryogen medium house steward 68 by cryogenic media flow pump 57 again and turns back to " solar sail array " and reheated cyclic process, and so circulation result in the continuous running of heat generating system.
Superheated steam after steam turbine acting changes low temperature and low pressure steam into, now need to be introduced into large-scale cryophorus 50, cryophorus is also a kind of heat exchanger, draw running water to enter cryophorus and carry out heat exchange simultaneously, this can by steam condensation Cheng Shui, enter soft water water tank 60 by solidifying water water return pipeline 55, complete the circulation of soft water.Also be a kind of UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN simultaneously, produce a large amount of domestic hot-waters, economize energy.
Be transformed into " solar energy--firepower integrated power station " because the method is applicable to existing small-sized heat power station, small investment, take up an area little, be convenient to implement, retained facilities such as original coal-burning boilers, the waste that both can reduce state-owned assets in a large number also can carry out complementation to the shortcoming that solar energy relies on weather.So, add reversal valve 69 and power plant original coal-burning boiler high steam pipeline 70 in Figure 13.Be not suitable for solar electrical energy generation when weather and the high-temperature medium stored in high-temperature medium case is not enough to can switch to when Turbo-generator Set operates continuously thermal power generation, thus keep stable power supply.
Five, detailed description of the invention
The present invention be inventor for " Domestic synchronous tracking solar boiler " (patent No.: ZL00219088.5) and " the automatic tracking solar boiling water device of portable non-transformer " (patent No.: ZL200620069377.3) more than ten years of patented product development, test, after improvement and use, achieve abundant theory and practice experience, it is feasible for proving that research manufactures large-scale " vertical tray parabola automatic synchronous tracking focused solar energy thermal electric generator " on this basis.
1, Domestic synchronous tracking solar boiler:
In fact it be exactly one miniature " vertical tray parabola synchronous sun tracking energy heat power supply device ", and its technical performance can reach following index:
(1) the once amount of heating up water: 4 liters (being equivalent to 2 bottles, 5 pounds of thermos bottle)
A, with In Nanjing fine day, be example during air cleaning:
Summer, Burn opened 4 times/day (being equivalent to 8 bottles, 16 liters)
Spring and autumn, sky Burn opened 4 times/day (being equivalent to 8 bottles, 16 liters)
Winter, Burn opened 3 times/day (being equivalent to 6 bottles, 12 liters);
B, with area, Canadian Ottawa fine day, be example during air cleaning:
Summer, Burn opened 5 times/day (being equivalent to 10 bottles, 20 liters)
Spring and autumn, sky Burn opened 5 times/day (being equivalent to 10 bottles, 20 liters)
Winter, Burn opened 4 times/day (being equivalent to 8 bottles, 16 liters);
(2), vacuum heat absorbing pipe length specification: 1.2 meters
(3), mechanical dimensions: 1500x600x600 millimeter
2, calculate to build small-sized vertical tray parabola synchronous sun tracking energy heat generating system (referring to Fig. 1) below:
Solar heat power generation system takes up an area 30000m
2, " solar sail array " has 288 vertical tray parabolas, and the paraboloidal projected area in every face is 12.5m
2, total reflective surface area is 3600m
2.
According to China's atmospheric conditions, the average intensity of solar radiation of fine day is at 0.9-0.7w/m
2between, average 0.8Kw/m
2left and right, if more conservative calculating, average intensity of solar radiation is at 0.75Kw/m
2, the general power at sunshine on the gross area is 2700Kw.
If paraboloidal reflection efficiency is 90% (brand-new minute surface parabolic reflector efficiency can reach more than 95%) in electricity generation system, focusing rate is 95%, vacuum heat absorbing pipe efficiency is 93%, the heat-conducting oil system thermal efficiency is 85%, other thermal losses 10% of system, and so system total efficiency is about 60%, effective power can reach 1620Kw, therefore, this system can mate B1.0-2.35/0.49/390 steam turbine and generator generates electricity
B1.0-2.35/0.49/390 steam turbine technology parameter is as follows:
Rated power is 1000Kw.
Pressure 2.35Mpa
Temperature 390 DEG C
Gas consumption 14.49Kg/KwH
1, investment estimate:
Solar energy heating, accumulation of heat and pipe-line transportation system 855.7 ten thousand yuan, hot generating equipment take 5,000,000 yuan, other 500,000 yuan, add up to 1405.7 ten thousand yuan.
2, set electricity price as 1.0 yuan/degree, if can generate electricity in 1 year 1600 hours, annual electricity generating capacity is: (1,000,X16,00=,160 ten thousand degree, annual value of production is 1,600,000 yuan.
Can find out that the investment payback time is about 9 years by present case.
3, according to the station consumption standard coal 2,300,000 tons/year estimation of 1000Mw Turbo-generator Set, build up a 1.0Mw " vertical tray parabola synchronous sun tracking energy thermal power station ", standard coal 1000 tons/year can be saved, reduce CO
2discharge capacity 3000 tons, minimizing SO
2discharge capacity 18 tons.So both had an economic benefit more have ecological environmental protection and social benefit.
Claims (3)
1. a vertical tray parabola synchronous sun tracking energy heat generating system, it is characterized in that it is primarily of: vertical tray parabola array heat collection system (being called for short " solar sail array "), high-temperature medium pipeline system, cryogenic media reflux line system, latitude direction tracking means system and heat generating system five major part composition, wherein the port of export of each " the unit battle array " of " solar sail array " is connected to high-temperature medium delivery main by high-temperature medium conveyance conduit, the entrance of the high-temperature medium case of heat generating system is connected to again by high-temperature medium delivery main, and the outlet of the cryogenic media case of heat generating system connects cryogenic media house steward, cryogenic media house steward is connected to the arrival end of each " the unit battle array " of " solar sail array " again by cryogenic media conveyance conduit, latitude direction tracking means system is independently present among each " unit battle array ".
2. vertical tray parabola synchronous sun tracking energy heat generating system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that " solar sail array " is be formed in parallel by many groups " unit battle arrays ", and one group " unit battle array " is in series by many covers " unit sail " and one group of latitude direction tracking means, often overlap " unit sail " to be combined by the vertical tray parabolic collector that two covers are symmetrical again, " unit sail " is by the shaping backboard of (1) parabola, (2) parabola edge compact heap, (3) vacuum heat absorbing pipe tailstock, (4) metallic support rod, (5) large-scale vacuum endothermic tube, (6) high-temperature medium U-tube, (7) silica gel ring, (8) bearing upper end cover, (9) radial-thrust bearing, (10) pipe in bearing, (11) fork frame, (12) bearing outer tube, (13) minor sprocket, (14-1) miniature cycloidal planetary gear speed reducer, (14-2) follower base, (14-3) miniature worm-gear speed reducer, (14-4) stepper motor, (17) ears fork, (18) large-scale four-way flanged pipe, (19) front installation and maintenance hole, (20) ground supports frame, (21) steel pipe crossbeam, (22) driving-chain, (23) hinge wheel, (24) Chain conveyer protective cover, (25) vacuum heat absorbing pipe pipe tail protective cover, (29) ground supports frame, (30) minute surface parabola, (31) pipeline inner thermal insulating layer, (32) medium bend pipe, (33) medium tube locking nut, (34) medium tube heat transmission fin, (35) side installation and maintenance hole, (36) silicone rubber pad, (37) bearing bottom end cover composition, wherein: A, groove type paraboloid shaping conspires to create framework with the shaping backboard of parabola that elastic clamping block is equipped with at two metallic support rod and one group of two ends, recycling left and right two row's compact heaps firmly compress that the paraboloidal edge of minute surface come, vacuum heat absorbing pipe tailstock is fixed on from the shaping backboard of the parabola close to afterbody, then two metallic support rod of framework are inserted and secured in fork frame, and fork frame inner hole sleeve is by bearing, pipe in bearing, bearing outer tube, bearing bottom end cover, the rotary body of bearing upper end cover and silica gel ring composition is fixed on bearing outer tube together with hinge wheel, then medium U-tube will be housed, the large-scale vacuum endothermic tube of heat transmission fin inserts from vacuum heat absorbing pipe tailstock ring, enters pipe in bearing and arrives at after silicone rubber pad fixing always, and in bearing, the ring flange of pipe is fixed a set of synchronized tracking mechanism and (being comprised: minor sprocket, miniature cycloidal planetary gear speed reducer, follower base, miniature worm-gear speed reducer, stepper motor, driving-chain, Chain conveyer protective cover etc.) in conjunction with formation one group " vertical tray parabolic collector ", B, two groups " vertical tray parabolic collectors " are separately fixed in two end flanges up and down of four-way flanged pipe, by service hatch, medium U-tube and medium bend pipe medium tube locking nut are locked, also locked with medium tube locking nut by medium pipeline in medium bend pipe and steel pipe crossbeam by service hatch, thus formed complete one group " unit sail ", each group " unit sail " is all supported on hemisphere by means of ears fork ground supports frame.
3. vertical tray parabola synchronous sun tracking energy heat generating system according to claim 1, is characterized in that latitude direction tracking means system system is by (38) secondary hinge wheel, (39) secondary hinge wheel wheel hub, (40) second grade transmission chain, (41) ground supports frame, (42) two-stage chain transmission protective cover, (43) one-level hinge wheel, (44) one-level hinge wheel wheel hub, (45) secondary minor sprocket, (46) first grade transmission chain, (47) one-level Chain conveyer protective cover, (48) worm reduction gear and minor sprocket, (49) operator wheel composition, wherein operate handwheel and be arranged on worm reduction gear power shaft, output shaft installs minor sprocket, minor sprocket connects one-level hinge wheel through first grade transmission chain, one-level hinge wheel and secondary minor sprocket are coaxially integrated and sway, secondary minor sprocket connects secondary hinge wheel through second grade transmission chain, and secondary hinge wheel wheel hub is fixedly connected with steel pipe crossbeam, in this mechanism: worm reduction gear, secondary chainlet wheel shaft, Chain conveyer protective cover etc. is all fixed on ground supports frame.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113375348A (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2021-09-10 | 秦佑镇 | Linkage type vertical groove type paraboloid synchronous tracking solar medium-temperature heating system |
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