CN104506132A - High-efficiency low-loss hardware circuit of photovoltaic cell panel output power optimizer - Google Patents
High-efficiency low-loss hardware circuit of photovoltaic cell panel output power optimizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN104506132A CN104506132A CN201510038713.1A CN201510038713A CN104506132A CN 104506132 A CN104506132 A CN 104506132A CN 201510038713 A CN201510038713 A CN 201510038713A CN 104506132 A CN104506132 A CN 104506132A
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- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 101100386054 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) CYS3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-efficiency low-loss hardware circuit of a photovoltaic cell panel output power optimizer. The hardware circuit comprises a circuit for maximizing the output power of a single photovoltaic cell panel set string; a circuit for disconnecting the output of cell panels in the string when the current loss of the photovoltaic cell panel set string is detected; circuits of bypass shading cell panel substrings and an output current sampling circuit. Because of low-pressure-drop power MOSFETs, the whole circuit has the advantages that high efficiency and low loss are achieved in control over the output power of the photovoltaic cell panels; because of output disconnection between the bypasses of shading cell panels and a cell panel which breaks down, it can be guaranteed that the output power of the whole cell panel array is maximum; moreover, when a system breaks down, output is rapidly closed to isolate the fault, safety and reliability are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of hardware circuit of photovoltaic battery panel optimization output power device of high efficiency low-loss (power consumption), belong to direct current power circuit field.
Background technology
Any part of photovoltaic cell plate array can not be shaded, if there is cell piece to be shaded, then they just can not generation current and can form reverse biased, and this just means that the assembly by shading can consumed power generate heat, and in the course of time, forms fault.So-called tropical island effect that Here it is.
Prevent tropical island effect, generally by solar panel slant setting, make surface not be attached shelter.But accidentally block inevitable, therefore conventional bypass diode plays a protective role, bypass diode can prevent the electric current caused due to branch trouble or cover from being flowed to the phenomenon of weak current branch road by heavy current branch road.Each diode drop 0.4 ~ 0.7V, the loss that the diode thus on cell plate group string produces can reach 10 ~ 30W.
Chinese patent CN201210118068 discloses a kind of secondary booster circuit based on MPPT boosting.As shown in Figure 1, a kind of secondary booster circuit based on MPPT boosting of this disclosure of the invention and distributed solar energy battery pack.Based on the secondary booster circuit of MPPT boosting, utilize super capacitor and charge balancing module, the power output after secondary booster is stablized within a certain period of time, and utilize super capacitor to pray the effect of stable power output further; One in parallel on the battery pack that distributed solar energy battery pack is formed in parallel by N number of single solar panel 11 ~ 1n, each solar panel of this solar battery group front-end circuit 21 ~ 2n, inverter 3, electric power networks module 4 based on the secondary booster circuit of MPPT boosting, aerial lug 5 and communication bus composition.Compared with bypass diode; this invention can eliminate solar panel original cause due to tropical island effect puncture; but this circuit is based on secondary booster, the energy loss itself produced is very important, and does not possess the insulation blocking function after because of any reason causing trouble.
Chinese patent CN201220479308 discloses a kind of DC/DC power circuit of photovoltaic MPPT controller, and this power circuit applies 34063 integrated circuits, extends input voltage range, meets the requirement of wide region solar panel input module.And when battery electric power is sufficient, only need provide the input of 5 ~ 6W to this circuit, and give this system power supply without the need to battery, thus reduce battery loss, drastically increase systematic difference scope.In addition, this power circuit is powered to radio receiver module and be have employed the design of PWM switch power module, considerably reduces peripheral circuit, and can ensure that broadcast receiver effectively runs.This system only provides MPPT function, can not eliminate the tropical island effect of fail battery plate; Nor possess the insulation blocking function after because of any reason causing trouble.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve fail battery plate tropical island effect and ensure cell panel or other links of electricity generation system break down after insulation blocking and the maximization (MPPT) of power output, the invention provides a kind of hardware circuit of photovoltaic battery panel optimization output power device of high efficiency low power consumption.
For achieving the above object, the scheme that the present invention adopts is:
A photovoltaic battery panel optimization output power device hardware circuit for high efficiency low power consumption, comprises the circuit maximizing single photovoltaic battery panel group string power output; The circuit that disconnection group string cell panel exports when photovoltaic battery panel group string current loss being detected; The circuit of the cell panel substring that bypass is shaded; Output current sample circuit.This hardware circuit has controlled electronic switch, diode, inductance, storage capacitor, sampling resistor.Photovoltaic battery panel group string is from PV+, PV-access, and substring accesses PVS1, PVS2; Optimizer exports from OUT+, OUT-, connects with the output of the optimization output power device of other photovoltaic battery panel group string adaptations.Whole hardware circuit forms the circuit maximizing single photovoltaic battery panel group string power output; Controlled electronic switch S4 on serial loop is the circuit disconnecting the output of photovoltaic battery panel group string; Controlled electronic switch S1, S2, S3 of input side thtee-stage shiplock are that bypass is shaded or the circuit of fail battery plank string; On parallel circuits, controlled electronic switch S5 and diode D5 provides the function of bypass photovoltaic battery panel group string; Precision resister optimization of collection device output current; Storage capacitor absorbs electric charge provides the electric current of short time to export.
The photovoltaic battery panel optimization output power device hardware circuit of described high efficiency low power consumption, all controlled electronic switchs are electro-mechanical switches or semiconductor switch.
The photovoltaic battery panel optimization output power device hardware circuit of described high efficiency low power consumption, serial controlled electronic switch S4 and parallel controlled electronic switch S5 can not conducting simultaneously.
The control method of the photovoltaic battery panel optimization output power device hardware circuit of described high efficiency low power consumption is as follows:
Step one: controlled electronic switch S4, the parallel controlled electronic switch S5 of serial when photovoltaic battery panel group string inactivity exports or output voltage minimum value does not reach circuit configuration threshold value are off state; The parallel diode D5 shunt battery plate group string of low conduction voltage drop also provides passage for other photovoltaic battery panel group crosstalk streams; Three grades of controlled electronic switchs S1, S2, S3 of input side remain open state.
Step 2:
1) when photovoltaic battery panel group string output voltage minimum value reaches circuit configuration threshold value, serial controlled electronic switch S4 conducting 100ms, parallel controlled electronic switch S5 remains open; After 100ms controlled electronic switch S4 disconnect while the output voltage of inspection optimization device; Inspection optimization device output voltage again after 100ms; Magnitude of voltage contrast according to double sampling judges whether inverter is connected with PV side.
2) voltage on real-time sampling photovoltaic battery panel three grades of substrings, if substring voltage is lower than setting threshold value, corresponding controlled electronic switch conducting bypass this grade of substring cell panel.Often cross the bypass controlled electronic switch that 10s disconnects a conducting, if the voltage again detected is lower than threshold value, this grade of switch continues conducting; Said process continues always until the voltage detected is higher than threshold value.
Step 3: when judging that inverter does not connect PV side, always repeat step 2; When judging that inverter is connected to PV side, optimizer enters MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) pattern, control circuit output pulse width modulation (PWM) Waveform Control S4 break-make, S5 remains open, and makes single battery plate group string power output maximum.Sampled output current is continued in this step, if open circuit or the system failure between the photovoltaic battery panel group string that output current causes lower than threshold value or any other reason of circuit configuration, optimizer can get back to step one state, keeps Fault Isolation and rupturing duty to export.
The controlled electronic switch of described high efficiency low power consumption photovoltaic battery panel optimization output power device hardware circuit can be relay, contactor, or Metal-oxide-semicondutor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT).
In conjunction with low pressure drop power MOSFET, whole circuit shows efficient advantage in control photovoltaic battery panel power output.Can ensure that the power output of integral battery door plate array maximizes to the bypass of the cell panel that shades and the output open circuit of fail battery plate.And close output isolated fault fast when the system failure, improve safety and reliability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is photovoltaic cell component output circuit figure in prior art
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams of photovoltaic battery panel optimization output power device of the present invention
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the optimizer of the specific embodiment of the invention
Fig. 4 be do not power on or the system failure time photovoltaic battery panel optimization output power device circuit theory diagrams
Fig. 5 is the circuit theory diagrams of photovoltaic battery panel optimization output power device under MPPT pattern
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described principle of the present invention and feature, described embodiment, only for explaining the present invention, is not intended to limit scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 2, the photovoltaic battery panel optimization output power device hardware circuit of a high efficiency low power consumption, comprises controlled electronic switch S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, can be such as semiconductor switch, diode D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, inductance L, storage capacitor C1, C2, sampling resistor R1, photovoltaic battery panel group string is from input PV+, PV-accesses, substring in photovoltaic battery panel group string accesses PVS1 respectively, PVS2 (PV+ and PVS2, PVS2 and PVS1, PVS1 and PV-connects a Battery pack plank string respectively, overall composition three grades of cell plate group strings), diode D1 positive pole meets PV-, the negative pole of diode D1 meets PVS1, diode D2 positive pole meets PVS1, diode D2 negative pole meets PVS2, diode D3 positive pole meets PVS2, diode D3 negative pole meets PV+, controlled electronic switch S1, S2, S3 respectively with diode D1, D2, D3 is in parallel, storage capacitor C1 two ends are connected with input PV+ and PV-respectively, diode D4 connects with diode D5, the negative pole of diode D4 meets PV+, the positive pole of diode D5 meets PV-, the positive pole of diode D4 is connected with inductance L simultaneously, another termination output of inductance OUT+, controlled electronic switch S4, S5 is in parallel with diode D4 and D5 respectively, storage capacitor C2 mono-termination output OUT+, one end of another termination sampling resistor R1, another termination output OUT-of R1, optimizer hardware circuit exports from OUT+, OUT-, and controlled electronic switch S4 is the circuit disconnecting the output of photovoltaic battery panel group string, controlled electronic switch S1, S2, S3 be bypass shade or open failure cell panel substring circuit with ensure panel array power output maximize, controlled electronic switch S5 and diode D5 provides the function of bypass photovoltaic battery panel group string, precision resister optimization of collection device output current, storage capacitor absorbs electric charge provides the electric current of short time to export.
When photovoltaic battery panel group string inactivity exports or output voltage minimum value does not reach circuit configuration threshold value, controlled electronic switch S4, the parallel controlled electronic switch S5 of serial are off state; The parallel diode D5 shunt battery plate group string of low conduction voltage drop also provides passage for other photovoltaic battery panel group crosstalk streams; Three grades of controlled electronic switchs S1, S2, S3 of input side remain open state.
When photovoltaic battery panel group string output voltage minimum value reaches circuit configuration threshold value, controlled electronic switch S4 conducting 100ms, controlled electronic switch S5 remains open; After 100ms controlled electronic switch S4 disconnect while the output voltage of inspection optimization device; Inspection optimization device output voltage again after 100ms; Magnitude of voltage contrast according to double sampling judges whether inverter is connected with PV side; When judging that inverter does not connect PV side, repeat this step always.
Voltage on real-time sampling photovoltaic battery panel three grades of substrings, if substring voltage is lower than setting threshold value, corresponding controlled electronic switch conducting bypass this grade of substring cell panel; Often cross the bypass controlled electronic switch that 10s disconnects a conducting, if the substring voltage again detected is lower than threshold value, this grade of switch continues conducting; Said process continues always until the voltage detected is higher than threshold value.
When judging that inverter is connected to PV side, as shown in Figure 5, optimizer enters MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) pattern, control circuit output pulse width modulation (PWM) Waveform Control S4 break-make, S5 remains open, and makes single battery plate group string power output maximum; Sampled output current is continued in this step, if open circuit or the system failure between the photovoltaic battery panel group string that output current causes lower than threshold value or any other reason of circuit configuration, optimizer can get back to the state of the first step, keeps Fault Isolation and rupturing duty to export.
Controlled electronic switch wherein can also be relay, contactor, or insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT).
The controlled control circui of controlled electronic switch, this control circuit can be realized by conventional control circuit of the prior art.
Circuit of the present invention also can as shown in Figure 3, by MOSFET:STR1, STR2, STR3, Q1, Q2; Inductance L; Electric capacity C; High-precision current sampling resistor and detection sampling, control, the circuit such as communication are formed.The controlled control circui of all MOSFET, this control circuit is the circuit (not repeating them here) that can realize following conducting break function conventional in prior art, sampling PV side output voltage, three grades of substring voltages and outlet side electric current and voltage.
The course of work is as follows:
Step one: MOSFET Q1 when photovoltaic battery panel group string inactivity exports or output voltage minimum value does not reach circuit configuration threshold value, Q2 is off state; The diode of the inner reverse parallel connection of Q2 provides passage for other photovoltaic battery panel group crosstalk streams; Three grades of MOSFET STR1 of input side, STR2, STR3 remain open state.
Step 2:
1) when photovoltaic battery panel group string output voltage minimum value reaches circuit configuration threshold value, Q1 conducting 100ms, Q2 remains open; After 100ms Q1 disconnect while the output voltage of inspection optimization device; Inspection optimization device output voltage again after 100ms; Magnitude of voltage contrast according to double sampling judges whether inverter is connected with PV side.
2) voltage on real-time sampling photovoltaic battery panel three grades of substrings, if substring voltage is lower than setting threshold value, corresponding controlled electronic switch conducting bypass this grade of substring cell panel.Often cross the bypass controlled electronic switch that 10s disconnects a conducting, if the voltage again detected is lower than threshold value, this grade of switch continues conducting; Said process continues always until the voltage detected is higher than threshold value.
Step 3: when judging that inverter does not connect PV side, always repeat step 2; When judging that inverter is connected to PV side, other condition meets MPPT (MPPT maximum power point tracking) when requiring, optimizer will enter MPPT pattern, control circuit exports the PWM drive waveform Q1 of suitable duty ratio, Q2 remains open, the diode of the inner reverse parallel connection of Q2 is for inductance provides afterflow within the Q1 shutoff cycle, and monoblock circuit working, under BUCK pattern, makes the power output of this photovoltaic battery panel group string maximum.Sampled output current is continued in this step, if open circuit or the system failure between the photovoltaic battery panel group string that output current causes lower than threshold value or any other reason of circuit configuration, optimizer can get back to step one state, keeps Fault Isolation and rupturing duty to export.
More than illustrate just illustrative for the purpose of the present invention; and nonrestrictive, those of ordinary skill in the art understand, when not departing from the spirit and scope that following claims limit; many amendments, change or equivalence can be made, but all will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a photovoltaic battery panel optimization output power device hardware circuit for high efficiency low power consumption, comprising: controlled electronic switch S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, diode D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, inductance L, storage capacitor C1, C2, sampling resistor R1; Photovoltaic battery panel group string accesses from input PV+, PV-, substring in photovoltaic battery panel group string accesses PVS1, PVS2 respectively, this optimizer hardware circuit exports from OUT+, OUT-, and the controlled electronic switch S4 on serial loop forms the circuit disconnecting photovoltaic battery panel group string and export; Controlled electronic switch S1, S2, S3 of input side thtee-stage shiplock formed bypass shade or the circuit of fail battery plank string to ensure the power output maximization of panel array; On parallel circuits, controlled electronic switch S5 and diode D5 provides the function of bypass photovoltaic battery panel group string; Sampling resistor R1 optimization of collection device output current; Storage capacitor C1, C2 absorb electric charge provides the electric current of short time to export; This hardware circuit forms the circuit maximizing single photovoltaic battery panel group string power output, can connect with the output of the optimization output power device of other photovoltaic battery panel group string adaptations.
2. the photovoltaic battery panel optimization output power device hardware circuit of high efficiency low power consumption according to claim 1, wherein the positive pole of diode D1 meets PV-, the negative pole of diode D1 meets PVS1, the positive pole of diode D2 meets PVS1, the negative pole of diode D2 meets PVS2, the positive pole of diode D3 meets PVS2, the negative pole of diode D3 meets PV+, controlled electronic switch S1, S2, S3 respectively with diode D1, D2, D3 is in parallel, storage capacitor C1 two ends are connected with input PV+ and PV-respectively, diode D4 connects with diode D5, the negative pole of diode D4 meets PV+, the positive pole of diode D5 meets PV-, the positive pole of diode D4 is connected with inductance L simultaneously, another termination output of inductance L OUT+, controlled electronic switch S4, S5 is in parallel with diode D4 and D5 respectively, storage capacitor C2 mono-termination output OUT+, one end of another termination sampling resistor R1, another termination output OUT-of R1.
3. the photovoltaic battery panel optimization output power device hardware circuit of high efficiency low power consumption according to claim 1, wherein all controlled electronic switchs are electro-mechanical switches or semiconductor switch.
4. the photovoltaic battery panel optimization output power device hardware circuit of high efficiency low power consumption according to claim 1, controlled electronic switch S4 and controlled electronic switch S5 can not conducting simultaneously.
5. a control method for the photovoltaic battery panel optimization output power device hardware circuit of the high efficiency low power consumption according to any one of claim 1-4, comprises the steps:
Step one: when photovoltaic battery panel group string inactivity exports or output voltage minimum value does not reach circuit configuration threshold value, controlled electronic switch S4, controlled electronic switch S5 are off state; The diode D5 shunt battery plate group string of low conduction voltage drop also provides passage for other photovoltaic battery panel group crosstalk streams; Controlled electronic switch S1, S2, S3 of input side remain open state;
Step 2:
1) when photovoltaic battery panel group string output voltage minimum value reaches circuit configuration threshold value, controlled electronic switch S4 conducting 100ms, controlled electronic switch S5 remains open; After 100ms controlled electronic switch S4 disconnect while the output voltage of inspection optimization device; Inspection optimization device output voltage again after 100ms; Magnitude of voltage contrast according to double sampling judges whether inverter is connected with PV side;
2) voltage on real-time sampling photovoltaic battery panel three grades of substrings, if substring voltage is lower than setting threshold value, corresponding controlled electronic switch conducting bypass this grade of substring cell panel; Often cross the bypass controlled electronic switch that 10s disconnects a conducting, if the substring voltage again detected is lower than threshold value, this grade of switch continues conducting; Said process continues always until the voltage detected is higher than threshold value;
Step 3: when judging that inverter does not connect PV side, always repeat step 2; When judging that inverter is connected to PV side, optimizer enters MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) pattern, control circuit output pulse width modulation (PWM) Waveform Control S4 break-make, S5 remains open, and makes single battery plate group string power output maximum; Sampled output current is continued in this step, if open circuit or the system failure between the photovoltaic battery panel group string that output current causes lower than threshold value or any other reason of circuit configuration, optimizer can get back to step one state, keeps Fault Isolation and rupturing duty to export.
6. control method according to claim 5, controlled electronic switch is relay, contactor, or Metal-oxide-semicondutor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT).
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| CN105763153A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-07-13 | 中国矿业大学 | Smart photovoltaic module based on supercapacitor |
| CN106330088A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-01-11 | 浙江佳明天和缘光伏科技有限公司 | Three-body photovoltaic power generation direct-current optimizer with direct-through devices |
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