CN104502402B - A kind of method for measuring the hot physical property of column heat-barrier material - Google Patents
A kind of method for measuring the hot physical property of column heat-barrier material Download PDFInfo
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- CN104502402B CN104502402B CN201410809304.2A CN201410809304A CN104502402B CN 104502402 B CN104502402 B CN 104502402B CN 201410809304 A CN201410809304 A CN 201410809304A CN 104502402 B CN104502402 B CN 104502402B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method for measuring the hot physical property of column heat-barrier material, for the temperature change by measuring a point in sample, the method for determining column orthotropy heat-barrier material radial thermal conductivity, axial thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity.This method includes：Establish the two-dimentional cylindrical coordinates heat transfer model under the hot interference effect of particular form in cylindrical coordinates；Converted using Laplace, Hankel conversion and Laplace inverse transform methods, obtain the analytic solutions of temperature change in the time domain in orthotropy heat-barrier material；By Calculation of Sensitivity, the correlation of the sensitivity coefficient of analysis radial thermal conductivity, axial thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity and the influence of parameters versus temperature change；Establish corresponding measuring system, the transient response data of real-time collecting temperature；Using L M method for parameter estimation, while determine radial thermal conductivity, axial thermal conductivity and the volumetric heat capacity of tested orthotropy heat-barrier material.The advantage of the invention is that：A kind of easy to implement, simple measuring method of step is provided, the radial thermal conductivity, axial thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity of column heat-barrier material can be measured simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to material thermophysical property measurement technical field, in particular, provides one kind and can be obtained simultaneously by one-shot measurement
Multiple thermal physical property parameters new measuring method, by measuring the temperature change of a point in sample, determine it is orthogonal respectively to
The method of different in nature heat-barrier material radial thermal conductivity, axial thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity.
Background technology
Material thermal physical property parameter is one of understanding, understanding and the good and bad most basic physical parameter of evaluation material heat transfer performance,
It is the key parameter that basic research, analysis calculating and engineering design are carried out to specific heat transfer process.The hot physical property ginseng of accurate measurement
It is several to the multi-field development such as using energy source, building energy conservation, Aero-Space, new material exploitation, environmental protection and nuclear energy uses
It is significant.Fibrous insulating material is widely used in each field, and its thermal conductivity data is with manufacturing process, material knot
Structure, fiber ply sequence and trend, additive level it is different and different, show typical anisotropic character.
In recent years, with the active demand of scientific technological advance and commercial Application, have that conductive and thermal conductivity is good, specific strength
With fibrous insulating material many advantages, such as specific modulus is high, chemical stability is excellent, toughness and thermal-shock resistance are high, heat-resist
Material, not only in the sophisticated industries such as Aero-Space, nuclear energy uses, and in automobile shipbuilding, build a bridge, electric mechanical system
Make, the every field such as therapeutic physical education is obtained for and is widely applied.The accurate measurement of its thermal physical property data is not only material property
Evaluation and the basic foundation of fail-safe analysis, also to improving design and the manufacture level of material, meeting Chinese national economy and state
The normal data demand in anti-field etc. is all significant.
Developed country pays much attention to the importance of material thermophysical property measurement, establishes the thermophysical property measurement of sophisticated systems in succession
Mechanism and mechanism, the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) of NIST, Britain such as the U.S., Germany physical technique research institute (PTB),
National measurement research institute such as the high temperature research institute of Russian Academy Of Sciences and ermal physics research institute etc..In addition, Purdue Univ-West Lafayette USA, day
Ratio is all had in the institution of higher learning such as this keio university, graceful Chester university of Britain, Munich, Germany polytechnical university and this university of Caro
More complete material thermal physical property measuring device.These developed countries establish the thermophysical property measurement national standard or row of this country in succession
The ASTM of industry standard, such as U.S., the DIN of Germany, JIS, the BS of Britain of Japan, in addition with international standard ISO.China
Thermophysical property measurement starts from last century the fifties, is concentrated mainly on scientific research institutions and Some Universities.Metal research institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in
Ke Yuan Shanghai silicate research institute, institute of the space flight First Academy 703, building materials institute, china institute of metrology and Tsing-Hua University, Beijing science and technology are big
Etc. unit has carried out more system research in terms of the exploration of the hot physical property measurement method of material and the development of experimental provision.Middle section
Shanghai silicate research institute of institute just successfully developed laser flash method heat conductivity measuring device, Chinese metering section early in 1973
Institute is studied steady heat conduction instrument, automatic heat-insulated calorimeter in detail excessively, and metal research institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is sent out using laser flash
System research was carried out to the hot physical property of metal material, Zhuo has into terms of film thermal diffusion coefficient measurement in recent years for Tsing-Hua University
Effect, University of Science ＆ Technology, Beijing achieve significantly in terms of plane heat source method is applied to the measurement of more than the 1200 DEG C hot physical property of material recently
Achievement, other colleges and universities, R＆D institution or enterprise or home-built equipment or purchase of equipment, are also established suitable for different materials in addition
Thermophysical property measurement experimental provision.
So far, although having carried out a large amount of fruitful researchs in terms of thermophysical property measurement both at home and abroad, tool is established
There is material targetedly test device and to formulate corresponding measurement standard.But current existing ripe thermal conductivity measurement side
Method such as Hot-strip Method, heat-pole method, hot-disk etc., the principle model of isotropic material is based on, is unsuitable for the heat of fibrous material
Conductance measures.And protect hot plate method, plane heat source method etc., then need repeatedly to convert measurement direction and just can determine that material different directions
Thermal conductivity, add the complexity and error of experiment.Therefore, it is a kind of accurate high with regard to energy by one-shot measurement there is an urgent need to develop
Effect ground determines the measuring method of anisotropic material different directions thermal conductivity.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to：Offer can be obtained orthogonal respectively fine to anisotropy simultaneously by one kind by one-shot measurement
The method for tieing up heat-barrier material radial thermal conductivity, axial thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity.
To achieve these goals, there is provided a kind of to determine material just by measuring some temperature in sample
Hand over each to thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity.
This law invention technical scheme be：A kind of method for measuring the hot physical property of column heat-barrier material, is comprised the following steps that：
Step 1：Be 0.01m~0.05m to height, column that radius is 0.01m~0.10m it is orthogonal respectively to anisotropy every
Hot material, establish the two-dimentional cylindrical coordinates heat transfer model under the hot interference effect of particular form in cylindrical coordinates, its governing equation such as formula 1
It is shown：
Its primary condition and boundary condition are as shown in Equation 2：
T(r,z,τ)|τ=0=T0(formula 2a),
T(r,z,τ)|z→∞=T0(formula 2c),
In formula, T is temperature；T0For environment temperature；τ is the time；λrFor sample radial thermal conductivity, λzFor sample axial direction thermal conductivity
Rate, the density that ρ is tested sample, CpRespectively sample specific heat at constant pressure；Q is flat heat source heat flow density；R1For heating radius；
R2For radius of specimen, r is radial coordinate, and z is axial coordinate；Complex heat transfer coefficients of the h between sample and environment；
In described heat transfer model, the heat interference of the particular form is step hot-fluid.Measured column it is orthogonal respectively to
Each characterisitic parameter scope of different in nature heat-barrier material is as shown in table 1.
In the parameter value table that the measuring system of table 1 uses：
Table 1The parameter values used in the measuring system
Step 2：Governing equation, primary condition and boundary condition are carried out using Laplace conversion and Hankel conversion
Conversion, then by the method for Analytical Solution, obtain the analytic solutions of sample internal temperature field distribution in frequency domain.In this base
On plinth, Laplace inverse transformations are carried out, final solve obtains temperature change in orthotropy heat-barrier material in the time domain
Analytic solutions.
Step 3：Sensitivity analysis is carried out to thermal characteristic parameter to be measured respectively, to determine each parameter betajGeneration minor variations
When to measured value T (tj, β) influence degree.For the ease of being compared to each other analysis between different parameters, employ " zero dimension "
Sensitivity coefficient, it is defined as shown in Equation 3：
In formula, X is sensitivity coefficient, and β is measured parameter, and T is absolute temperature, i：I moment, j：J-th of parameter；
" zero dimension " sensitivity coefficient represents the rate of change of measurement signal change relative to parameter, has and measurement signal
Identical dimension.The sensitivity coefficient of each thermal characteristic parameter is calculated according to formula 3, analyze each parameter sensitivity coefficient it
Between the influence to temperature change of correlation and thermal parameter, so that it is determined that passing through one-shot measurement obtains three parameters to be estimated
Possibility.
Step 4：The measuring system of column orthotropy heat-barrier material temperature is established, the electric heating sheets of sheet are placed in
Between the tested column sample of shape identical two, for identical with being set in theoretical calculation in the generation of each tested sample surface
Hot interference signal.It is 0.1W/m to apply hot-fluid on column orthotropy heat-barrier material surface2~1000W/m2Step it is permanent
The interference signal of hot-fluid is determined, in the case where the heat time is 5min~20min, using multi-path data collecting device and through excess temperature
After degree compensation and filtering, the transient temperature response of central axial upper measurement point in the tested sample under hot interference effect is obtained in real time
Data.
Step 5：The temperature-responsive number obtained when the temperature-responsive data being calculated based on analytic solutions and actual measurement
According to using L-M method for parameter estimation, axial thermal conductivity, the radial direction of column orthotropy heat-barrier material can be obtained simultaneously
Three parameters of thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity amount.
The advantage of the invention is that：Because using above-mentioned technical proposal, the invention provides one kind is easy to implement, step is simple
Single measuring method, can measure simultaneously the axial thermal conductivity of column orthotropy heat-barrier material, radial thermal conductivity and
Three important parameters of volumetric heat capacity amount.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the measurement of the present invention.
In figure：
1. the temperature measuring point of sample 2.. heating plates 3.
Embodiment
Illustrate the embodiment of the present invention below with reference to accompanying drawings.In the following description, public affairs are not described in detail
The function or structure recognized, obscure the present invention to avoid the occurrence of unnecessary details.
In specific implement, it is assumed that within the temperature range of measurement, column orthotropy heat-barrier material it is each to
The opposite sex, its axial thermal conductivity, radial thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity amount are unknown parameter to be estimated, other sizes parameter and physical property
Parameter is constant.Under the cylindrical coordinates of foundation, height Z=0.05m, radius R2=0.05m column orthotropy is heat-insulated
In the Two-Dimensional Heat model of material, governing equation and boundary condition are respectively as shown in formula 4 and formula 5：
Primary condition and boundary condition are as shown in Equation 5：
T(r,z,τ)|τ=0=T0(formula 5a)
T(r,z,τ)|z→∞=T0(formula 5c)
Wherein, when considering orthotropy heat-barrier material thermophysical property and simulated experiment environmental condition this two
The factor of aspect, the parameter value used in calculating are as shown in table 2.
The parameter value that the embodiment of table 2 uses
Table 2The parameter values used in the specific example
For formula 4 and 5, using Laplace conversion and Hankel conversion to governing equation, primary condition and boundary condition
It is converted, then using the method for Analytical Solution, obtains the analytic solutions of sample internal temperature field distribution in frequency domain.
On this basis, by Laplace inverse transformations, it is final solve obtain temperature change in orthotropy heat-barrier material when
Analytic solutions in domain.During calculating, initial temperature field is set to room temperature, and other specification is set by table 2.
In order to verify the correctness of analytic solutions, using CFD software Fluent 6.3 to sample under identical operating mode
Diabatic process carries out numerical simulation.The numerical solution and analytic solutions of control sample internal point temperature rise, the results showed that under identical operating mode,
The orthogonal respectively result of the numerical solution to anisotropy sample temperature field and analytic solutions is completely the same, is fully demonstrating analytic solutions just
True property.
Based on the result of the theory analysis carried out, the hot physical property of orthotropy heat-barrier material to be estimated being related to is joined
Number carries out sensitivity analysis, calculates " zero dimension " sensitivity coefficient of each parameter in numerical solution based on formula 6：
The result of sensitivity analysis shows, the space relative sensitivity of radial thermal conductivity, axial thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity
Absolute value it is bigger closer to thermal source, it is smaller closer to sample external boundary, and same quantity is in sample space temperature rise response
Level.It can further be measured with analysis shows on longitudinal center line away from one on heating plate z distance and positions on warm spot, radially
The sensitivity coefficient of thermal conductivity, axial thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity changes with time, and trend is different, and the ratio between mutual is non-constant,
Show that these three parameters to be measured are linear independences, therefore, these three parameters can be estimated simultaneously by once testing.
On this basis, test measurement is carried out.Apply q=1000W/m on heating plate2Step hot-fluid, the heat time
For 200s, between heating plate is placed in into sample according to schematic diagram, multi-channel data acquisition device is used, measures sample axial centre
On line, the response of the transient temperature away from the measurement point on heating plate z distance and positions, obtain the data of temperature change in real time, and pass through
Communicated with host computer, transfer data to host computer, and the processing such as temperature-compensating and filtering is carried out to temperature signal.Together
When, using formula 4 and 5, by calculating, the Temperature Distribution calculated value under special parameter value condition can be obtained.
Finally, the temperature change obtained based on analytical Calculation and the temperature variation data obtained by actual measurement, are adopted
With L-M method for parameter estimation, while determine radial thermal conductivity, axial thermal conductivity and the body of tested orthotropy heat-barrier material
Accumulated heat is held.
Although the present invention describes with reference to its specific embodiment, those skilled in the art should manage
Solution, in the case where not departing from the scope of the present invention limited by appended claim, form and details can be carried out to it
Various modifications.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method for measuring the hot physical property of column heat-barrier material, this method are used for the temperature by measuring a point in sample
Degree change, the method for determining orthotropy heat-barrier material radial thermal conductivity, axial thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity, its feature exist
In：It is 0.01m~0.05m to height, the column orthotropy heat-barrier material that radius is 0.01m~0.10m, establishes spy
Two-Dimensional Heat model under the hot interference effect of setting formula；Comprise the following steps that：
Step 1：Establish under the hot interference effect of particular form, the Two-Dimensional Heat model of orthotropy heat-barrier material under cylindrical coordinates
Governing equation formula 1, it is as follows：
Its primary condition and boundary condition, it is as follows：
T(r,z,τ)|τ=0=T0(formula 2a),
T(r,z,τ)|z→∞=T0(formula 2c),
In formula, T is temperature；T0For environment temperature；τ is the time；λrFor sample radial thermal conductivity, λzFor sample axial thermal conductivity, ρ
To be tested the density of sample, CpFor sample specific heat at constant pressure；Q is flat heat source heat flow density；R1For heating radius；R2For sample
Radius, r are radial coordinate, and z is axial coordinate；Complex heat transfer coefficients of the h between sample and environment；
Step 2：Using the temperature change in analytical method solving column orthotropy heat-barrier material；
Step 3：The sensitivity coefficient of calculating parameter, carry out sensitivity analysis；
Step 4：The transient response data of real-time collecting temperature；
Step 5：Application parameter method of estimation, determine axial thermal conductivity, the radial direction thermal conductivity of column orthotropy heat-barrier material
Rate and volumetric heat capacity amount.
2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the heat transfer model of the step 1, it is implicit to be considered two-dimentional axle
Symmetry model, the heat interference of the particular form is step hot-fluid.
3. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in the Analytical Solution method in the step 2, use
Laplace is converted and Hankel conversion is converted to governing equation, primary condition and boundary condition, is then asked by parsing
The method of solution, the analytic solutions of sample internal temperature field distribution in frequency domain are obtained, on this basis, it is anti-to carry out Laplace
Conversion, final solve obtain the analytic solutions of temperature change in the time domain in orthotropy heat-barrier material.
4. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the thermal parameter β in the step 3jSensitivity coefficient be " nothing
The sensitivity coefficient of dimension "：
In formula：X*For sensitivity coefficient, β is parameter to be estimated, and T is absolute temperature, and i adopts for i-th in the range of the whole testing time
Sample moment, j are j-th of parameter to be estimated；
Sensitivity analysis comprises the following steps：
A, the sensitivity coefficient of each thermal characteristic parameter is calculated；
B, the correlation between the sensitivity coefficient of parameter to be estimated is determined.
5. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the method for parameter estimation in the step 5 is to use L-M side
Method carries out parameter Estimation, and multiple thermal physical property parameters is estimated using the temperature variation data of a point in sample,
The final radial thermal conductivity, axial thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity for determining orthotropy heat-barrier material simultaneously.
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