CN116936011B - CFD calculation method for judging whether thermal physical properties of functional gradient composite material reach standards - Google Patents
CFD calculation method for judging whether thermal physical properties of functional gradient composite material reach standards Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003685 thermal hair damage Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005315 distribution function Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G16C—COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; CHEMOINFORMATICS; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
- G16C60/00—Computational materials science, i.e. ICT specially adapted for investigating the physical or chemical properties of materials or phenomena associated with their design, synthesis, processing, characterisation or utilisation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/28—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using fluid dynamics, e.g. using Navier-Stokes equations or computational fluid dynamics [CFD]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2111/00—Details relating to CAD techniques
- G06F2111/10—Numerical modelling
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2113/00—Details relating to the application field
- G06F2113/26—Composites
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/08—Thermal analysis or thermal optimisation
Abstract
The invention discloses a CFD calculation method for judging whether the thermophysical properties of a functional gradient composite material reach the standards, and relates to the technical field of engineering thermophysical heat and mass transfer. The CFD calculation method comprises the following steps: determining the reference thermophysical distribution and boundary conditions of the functionally graded composite material; obtaining Xu Yongre physical property range of the functional gradient composite material based on the determined reference thermophysical property distribution and boundary conditions of the functional gradient composite material; and judging whether the thermal physical property of the functional gradient composite material reaches the standard based on the Xu Yongre physical property range of the functional gradient composite material. The method saves a great deal of time and cost of manpower and material resources, can ensure enough detection precision, is favorable for rapidly evaluating whether the thermophysical properties of the functional gradient composite material reach the standards, reduces the risk factors of aerospace flight tests, and improves the preparation detection efficiency of the functional gradient composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering thermophysical heat and mass transfer, in particular to a CFD calculation method for judging whether the thermophysical properties of a functional gradient composite material reach the standards.
Background
With the development of thermal protection requirements, single materials or common composite materials cannot meet the multifunctional requirements of a thermal protection system, so that the use of functionally graded composite materials for the thermal protection materials of the aircraft gradually becomes a development trend (a typical graded composite material structure is shown in fig. 1). The functional gradient composite material is mainly characterized in that the physical properties of the functional gradient composite material are graded and non-uniform in spatial distribution, so that the preparation process of the material is quite complex, the thermal physical properties of the material are difficult to be consistent with the design state, in engineering practice, the prediction of the heat transfer performance of the material generally has precision requirements, and the prediction precision of the heat transfer performance of the material is reduced due to the thermal physical property deviation of the material, so that the test on whether the thermal physical properties of the prepared composite material meet the precision requirements has important significance for improving the prediction capacity of the heat transfer performance of the material and reducing the risk of aerospace flight test.
Most of the existing functional gradient composite material thermophysical precision detection methods pass experimental tests, and analysis can be performed through theoretical approximation, and common methods include a mixed average method and a micromechanics method. However, the time cost and the labor and material cost consumed by the test through the experimental means are high, and the cost can be saved through theoretical approximation, but the corresponding precision loss is also high. Therefore, a method for rapidly and accurately judging whether the thermal physical properties of the prepared composite material meet the index requirements is needed to be established.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a CFD calculation method for determining whether the thermal physical properties of a functionally graded composite material reach the standards, so as to solve the above technical problems.
The invention discloses a CFD calculation method for judging whether the thermophysical property of a functional gradient composite material meets the standard, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the reference thermophysical distribution and boundary conditions of the functionally graded composite material;
step 2: obtaining Xu Yongre physical property range of the functional gradient composite material based on the determined reference thermophysical property distribution and boundary conditions of the functional gradient composite material;
step 3: and judging whether the thermal physical property of the functional gradient composite material reaches the standard based on the Xu Yongre physical property range of the functional gradient composite material.
Further, the step 1 includes:
determining a reference thermophysical property distribution according to thermophysical properties of the functionally graded composite materialWherein->For basic physical properties->Is the distribution function of physical properties along with space;
given the allowable maximum temperature deviation at a typical locationAnd thermophysical deviation scale-up factor->Selecting a typical test working condition as a boundary condition; the typical test working conditions comprise constant temperature heating, constant heat flow heating, hot flow heating and convection heating; the boundary conditions are numerical calculation boundary conditions of the wall surface of the functionally graded material, and comprise an adiabatic boundary, a constant temperature boundary and heating boundary conditions mentioned by typical test working conditions.
Further, the step 2 includes:
step 21: based on the determined reference thermophysical distribution and boundary conditions of the functionally graded composite material, the initial temperature at the typical position of the functionally graded composite material is obtained through CFD calculationThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein, the typical location is the area of important attention or the location that is easy to cause thermal damage;
step 22: thermophysical parameter of functional gradient composite material based on deviation treatmentAnd boundary conditions determined in the step 1, obtaining the temperature of the typical position of the functionally graded composite material through CFD calculation>；
Step 23: based on temperature at typical locations of functionally graded composite materialsAnd the initial temperature at the typical location +.>The Xu Yongre physical property range of the functionally graded composite material is obtained.
Further, the step 21 includes:
based on the reference physical property distribution determined in step 1And boundary conditions, solving the following unsteady heat conduction diffusion equation by CFD to obtain initial temperature ++in the typical position>；
Wherein,for the derivative symbol, ρ is the density of the functionally graded composite, ++>The specific heat of the functionally graded composite material is calculated as time-varying temperature, T is heating time,x,y,zis a spatial coordinate.
Further, before the step 22, the method further includes:
and carrying out deviation treatment on the reference thermophysical property of the functional gradient composite material.
Further, the process of performing deviation treatment on the reference thermophysical property of the functionally graded composite material comprises the following steps:
order theThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein->For thermophysical properties after deviation, +.>The positive number indicates an increasing deviation in physical properties of the functionally graded composite material, and the negative number indicates a decreasing deviation in physical properties of the functionally graded composite material.
Further, the step 22 includes:
based onAnd (2) solving the following unsteady heat conduction diffusion equation by CFD under the calculation boundary condition determined in the step (1) to obtain the initial temperature in the typical position>：
。
Further, the step 23 includes:
calculating the temperature at a typical locationAnd initial temperature>Is>Comparison->Deviation from the maximum allowable temperature at the typical location +.>Is of a size of (a) and (b).
Further, ifLet->Then repeating the steps 22-23; if->The physical property range Xu Yongre is obtained>~/>。
Further, the step 3 includes:
based on the obtained Xu Yongre physical property range~/>If the functional gradient composite material is thermophysical +.>At->~/>Within the range, the thermophysical property of the functionally graded composite material is considered to reach the standard, and if the thermophysical property of the functionally graded composite material is +.>At->~/>Out of range, the thermophysical properties of the functional gradient composite material are considered to be not up to standard.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the method has the advantages that experimental detection is not needed, and the allowable thermophysical property range is obtained by carrying out CFD calculation only through given design states and typical working conditions and is used as a criterion for judging whether the prepared functional gradient material meets the standard. The method avoids the complicated process of experimental detection, saves a great amount of time and labor and material costs, ensures enough detection precision, is favorable for rapidly evaluating whether the thermal physical properties of the functional gradient composite material reach the standards, reduces the risk factors of aerospace flight tests, and improves the preparation detection efficiency of the functional gradient composite material.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings for those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a typical gradient composite structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a CFD calculation method for judging whether the thermal physical properties of the functionally graded composite material reach the standards according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 (a) is a schematic diagram of a criterion working condition example-physical property deviation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 (b) is a schematic diagram of an exemplary temperature response at a typical location for an exemplary criteria operating mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, wherein it is apparent that the examples described are only some, but not all, of the examples of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art are intended to fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2, the invention provides an embodiment of a CFD calculation method for determining whether the thermophysical properties of a functionally graded composite material meet the standards, comprising the steps of:
s1, determining reference thermophysical property distribution according to design stateWherein->The unit W/(mK), as the reference physical properties>As a function of the physical properties as a function of space, the allowable maximum temperature deviation +.>(unit ℃) and thermophysical deviation scale-up factor +.>（/>Taking a typical test condition as a calculation boundary condition, wherein the empirical constant is generally + -0.01). For example, the boundary of a given heating surface is a fixed heat flowq w =100kW/m 2 I.e.Wherein->For deriving symbols, ++>The heat flow of the heating surface is expressed, the unit is kW/m < 2 >, the subscript w is expressed as a heating wall surface, and n is the normal direction of the heating wall surface; the remaining walls are provided with an adiabatic boundary, i.e. no energy exchange with the external environment.
Typical locations refer to areas of intense interest for research or locations that are susceptible to thermal damage, such as the stagnation of the body, the surface and inner walls of the material, and the like. Typical test conditions include constant temperature heating, constant heat flow heating, hot flow heating, convection heating, and the like. The boundary conditions are numerical calculation boundary conditions of the wall surface of the functionally graded material, and comprise an adiabatic boundary, a constant temperature boundary and heating boundary conditions mentioned in the test working conditions. The boundary conditions are constraint conditions given for converging the thermal diffusion equation to a fixed solution, and the boundary conditions corresponding to different situations are different, and the common boundary condition classification is generally summarized in the teaching materials of heat transfer chemistry.
S2, obtaining initial value temperature at a typical position through CFD calculation based on the reference thermophysical distribution determined in the S1 and calculation boundary conditions(in ℃);
specifically, the reference physical property distribution determined based on S1And calculating boundary conditions, and solving an unsteady heat conduction diffusion equation by CFD: />Obtaining the initial temperature at the typical location +.>. Wherein ρ is the density of the functionally graded composite material in +.>；/>Specific heat of functionally graded composite material, unit->The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the T is the time-varying temperature calculated by the functionally graded composite material, and is in units of ℃; t is heating time, the unit s, x, y, z is space coordinate, the unit m.
S3, giving the process variableThe initial value of (1);
s4, performing deviation treatment on the standard thermophysical property to enableWherein->The unit W/(m.K),>the positive number may be a negative number, and the positive number indicates a deviation in the direction in which the physical properties of the functionally graded composite material increase, and the negative number indicates a deviation in the direction in which the physical properties of the functionally graded composite material decrease.
S5, obtaining the thermal physical property parameters of the material after deviation based on the S4And S1, calculating to obtain the temperature +.f at the typical position by CFD calculation>(in ℃);
specifically, based on the obtained physical property distributionAnd solving for instability by CFDState heat conduction diffusion equation: />Obtaining the initial temperature at the typical location +.>。
S6, calculating the temperature at the typical position obtained based on S5And the initial value temperature at the typical position based on S2 +.>Is>Comparison->Deviation from the maximum allowable temperature at the typical location based on S1>Is of a size of (2); if->Let->Then repeating the step S4 to the step S6; if->A physical property range of Xu Yongre can be obtained>~/>；
S7, based on Xu Yongre physical property range obtained in step S6~/>If the functional gradient composite material is thermophysical +.>At->~/>Within the range, the thermophysical property of the functionally graded composite material is considered to reach the standard, and if the thermophysical property of the functionally graded composite material is +.>At->~/>Out of range, the thermophysical properties of the functional gradient composite material are considered to be not up to standard.
A typical gradient composite structure is shown in fig. 1; examples of the conditions evaluated by the method of the present embodiment are shown in fig. 3 (a) and 3 (b).
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the specific embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims.
Claims (3)
1. The CFD calculation method for judging whether the thermophysical property of the functional gradient composite material meets the standard is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: determining the reference thermophysical distribution and boundary conditions of the functionally graded composite material;
step 2: obtaining Xu Yongre physical property range of the functional gradient composite material based on the determined reference thermophysical property distribution and boundary conditions of the functional gradient composite material;
step 3: judging whether the thermal physical property of the functional gradient composite material meets the standard or not based on the Xu Yongre physical property range of the functional gradient composite material;
the step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 21: based on the determined reference thermophysical distribution and boundary conditions of the functionally graded composite material, the initial temperature at the typical position of the functionally graded composite material is obtained through CFD calculationThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein, the typical location is the area of important attention or the location that is easy to cause thermal damage;
step 22: thermophysical parameter of functional gradient composite material based on deviation treatmentAnd boundary conditions determined in the step 1, obtaining the temperature of the typical position of the functionally graded composite material through CFD calculation>；
Step 23: based on temperature at typical locations of functionally graded composite materialsAnd the initial temperature at the typical location +.>Obtaining Xu Yongre physical property range of the functionally graded composite material;
the step 21 includes:
based on the reference physical property distribution determined in step 1And boundary conditions, solving the following unsteady heat conduction diffusion equation by CFD to obtain initial temperature ++in the typical position>；
Wherein,for the derivative symbol, ρ is the density of the functionally graded composite, ++>The specific heat of the functionally graded composite material is calculated as time-varying temperature, T is heating time,x,y,zis a space coordinate;
before the step 22, the method further includes:
performing deviation treatment on the reference thermophysical property of the functional gradient composite material;
the deviation treatment process for the standard thermophysical property of the functional gradient composite material comprises the following steps:
order theThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein->For thermophysical properties after deviation, +.>The positive number indicates an increasing deviation of the physical properties of the functionally graded composite material, and the negative number indicates a decreasing deviation of the physical properties of the functionally graded composite material;
the step 22 includes:
based onAnd the calculated boundary conditions determined in the step 1, solving the following non-problems by CFDSteady-state heat conduction diffusion equation, obtaining initial temperature at typical position +.>：
；
The step 23 includes:
calculating the temperature at a typical locationAnd initial temperature>Is>Comparison->Deviation from the maximum allowable temperature at the typical location +.>Is of a size of (2);
if it isLet->Then repeating the steps 22-23; if->The physical property range Xu Yongre is obtained>~/>。
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 comprises:
determining a reference thermophysical property distribution according to thermophysical properties of the functionally graded composite materialWherein->For basic physical properties->Is the distribution function of physical properties along with space;
given the allowable maximum temperature deviation at a typical locationAnd thermophysical deviation scale-up factor->Selecting a typical test working condition as a boundary condition; the typical test working conditions comprise constant temperature heating, constant heat flow heating, hot flow heating and convection heating; the boundary conditions are numerical calculation boundary conditions of the wall surface of the functionally graded material, and comprise an adiabatic boundary, a constant temperature boundary and heating boundary conditions mentioned by typical test working conditions.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step 3 comprises:
based on the obtained Xu Yongre physical property range~/>If the functional gradient composite material is thermophysical +.>At->~/>Within the range, the thermophysical property of the functionally graded composite material is considered to reach the standard, and if the thermophysical property of the functionally graded composite material is +.>At->~/>Out of range, the thermophysical properties of the functional gradient composite material are considered to be not up to standard.
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