CN105087882A - Partitioning method for heat treatment stages of vertical quenching furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of heat treatment, in particular to a partitioning method for heat treatment stages of a vertical quenching furnace. According to the partitioning method for the heating stages in the furnace in the heat treatment process of an aluminum alloy forge piece of the vertical quenching furnace, a vertical quenching furnace component temperature field predicating model is established for calculating the convection heat and the radiation heat on the surface of a component; on the basis, a mechanism model for evolution of the convection heat exchange amount and the radiation heat exchange mount in the quenching furnace is further established and used for obtaining the quantitative evolution condition between the convection heat exchange amount and the radiation heat exchange amount in real time; and based on the principle that two times of differences exist between the convection heat exchange amount and the radiation heat exchange amount, the heat treatment stages of the quenching furnace are quantitatively divided into the temperature rising stage, the transition stage and the heat insulation stage. According to the partitioning method, quantitative partitioning on all the stages in the heat treatment process of large aluminum alloy components of the vertical quenching furnace is successively achieved, and a series of problems of local temperature overshooting and the like generated in the process of conversion from the temperature rising stage to the heat insulation stage of the quenching furnace can be effectively solved.

Description

A kind of upright quenching furnace heat treatment stages division methods

Technical field

The present invention relates to Field of Heat-treatment, particularly relate to a kind of upright quenching furnace heat treatment stages division methods.

Background technology

Aldural die casting is the aerospacecraft important component parts such as aircraft crossbeam, keel, rocket, guided missile end ring, engine cylinder-body.Its smelting device large vertical quench furnace is a kind of very typical periodic heat stove for the production of aldural component, by admittedly melting quenching heat treatment to aluminium alloy to improve its hardness, intensity, wear resistance, the mechanical properties such as erosion resistance.The key of quenching heat treatment is the thermal evenness controlling in aluminium alloy element temperature field.

And the core of thermal evenness controlling is to set up the Controlling model meeting member temperature field distribution feature, and design corresponding control algolithm according to this.The foundation basis of member temperature field Controlling model depends on gos deep into Analysis on Mechanism, especially for the division in different heating stage in component heat treatment process to quenching technology.In the different heating phases, the thermal treatment control performance index of component are different, therefore reasonably the division of heating phase designs control algolithm accurately, and being the vital prerequisite realizing the control of high-precision temperature field uniformity, is also an important technology difficult problem urgently to be resolved hurrily in quenching technology.

Common quenching heat treatment process, is generally according to on-site experience, upright quenching furnace heat treatment process is simply divided into usually temperature rise period and two stages of holding stage.Temperature rise period is positioned at the electrical heating element of heating chamber inwall, and is positioned at two Fans co-ordinations of furnace bottom, impels in-furnace temperature to rise rapidly.When the thermopair being positioned at chamber internal wall detects that in-furnace temperature reaches desired temperature, solution treated enters holding stage, and holding stage processing requirement in-furnace temperature must reach high uniformity, and quenching temperature distributing homogeneity generally need reach ± and 3 DEG C.But simple method heat treatment process being divided into two sections, the just simple experience according to field worker, lack quantitative analysis to quenching furnance heat treatment process, division methods does not consider that the component heat treatment requirements of unlike material is the physical factors such as different.For the heating phase divided, substantial fixing quantity performance index are not proposed yet.Therefore, for the heating phase division methods of this dependence artificial experience, owing to lacking rational quantitative analysis, thus cause when holding stage changes, easily producing overshoot by the temperature rise period, cause member temperature skewness and occur burning part, underburnt part, having a strong impact on product quality.

Such as, the patent No. 201410059811.9 patent of invention, disclose a kind of new upright quenching furnace member temperature field distribution detection system, this system comprises: temperature acquisition system, comprise the multiple thermopairs be arranged on upright quenching furnace chamber internal wall, for collecting work chamber interior walls temperature; Communication system, the temperature information for being collected by described temperature acquisition system is transferred to computer temperature field compensation system; Computer temperature field compensation system, by the numerical solution to component thermal conduction mechanism model, is converted into member temperature field distribution information by the temperature information collected, and in real time, shows online.This patent obvious is more accurate member temperature field distribution information for field personnel provides, but not based on the accurate temperature information of quenching furnance inner member, the partition strategy of whole quenching technology is furtherd investigate, also the heat treatment process heat exchange mode of quenching furnance and process mechanism are not analysed in depth, more not find to exist in stove one be main heat transfer mode by thermal convection is the thermal exchange evolution process of main heat transfer mode to thermal radiation, thus the component partial temperature overshoot that this patent of invention produces when being changed to holding stage by the temperature rise period quenching furnance, cause member temperature skewness and occur burning part, underburnt part, make product rejection, the solution of the series of problems such as waste resource, not substantial help.

Summary of the invention

(1) technical problem that will solve

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the quenching furnance heat treatment stages division methods relying on artificial experience, lacks the problem of rational quantitative analysis.

The present invention is based on heat exchanging process in quenching furnance there is thermal convection and thermal-radiating between the dual heat-transfer mechanism that mutually develops, establish upright quenching furnace member temperature field prediction model; Based on upright quenching furnace member temperature field prediction model, quantitative Analysis component surface the quantity of heat convection and Radiant exothermicity, and mutually transform situation, finally, on basis based on thermal convection and thermal radiation Evolution Mechanism model in the quenching furnance of the numerical value of the convection current of aldural component surface and Radiant exothermicity, foundation, accurate quantification division is carried out to the heat treatment stages of quenching furnance.

(2) technical scheme

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention discloses a kind of upright quenching furnace heat treatment stages division methods, quenching furnance heat treatment stages, according to the quantity of heat convection and Radiant exothermicity 2 times of gap principles, is quantitatively divided into temperature rise period, transitory stage and holding stage by it; Described the quantity of heat convection and Radiant exothermicity 2 times of gap principles are specially:

(1) if when in the component surface total heat that is heat-treated in quenching furnance, the heat produced by convective heat exchange is more than 2 times of the heat that radiation heat transfer produces, then heat treatment stages is now the temperature rise period;

(2) if the heat that convective heat exchange produces is less than 2 times of heat that radiation heat transfer produces, and the heat that radiation heat transfer produces is less than 2 times of the heat that convective heat exchange produces, then heat treatment stages is now transitory stage;

(3) if the heat that radiation heat transfer produces is more than 2 times of heat that convective heat exchange produces, then heat treatment stages is now holding stage.

Further, described upright quenching furnace heat treatment stages division methods, possesses and comprises the steps:

1) utilize the thermopair in quenching furnance, chamber wall installed, obtain the real-time measuring tempeature of the chamber wall corresponding to component surface;

2) on the basis of the real-time measuring tempeature of acquired chamber wall, utilize member temperature field prediction model, calculate and obtain the accurate temperature of component surface any point;

3) utilize the accurate temperature value of any point in component surface, predesigne does not consider the quantity of heat convection of transmission of heat by convection and the interactional component surface of radiative transfer and the numerical value of Radiant exothermicity;

4) convection current radiation mechanism evolution model is utilized, and integrating step 3) in the numerical value of the quantity of heat convection that calculates and Radiant exothermicity, the quantity of heat convection of component surface and Radiant exothermicity are revised, and draws with component surface temperature be independent variable(s) revised the quantity of heat convection change curve and Radiant exothermicity change curve respectively;

5) according to the quantity of heat convection and Radiant exothermicity 2 times of gap principles, the component surface temperature range of quenching furnance heat treatment stages is divided into temperature rise period, transitory stage and holding stage.

6) last according to step 5) in the described temperature range in each stage of division that obtains, quenching furnance heat treatment stages is carried out quantitatively real-time division by the real time temperature of combination member.

Further, shape is the described member temperature field prediction model representation of cylindrical large-scale component is following formula (6):

$\left\{\begin{array}{ccc}\frac{{\∂}^{2}T}{\∂r^2}+\frac{1}{r}\frac{\∂T}{\∂r}+\frac{{\∂}^{2}T}{\∂z^2}-\frac{\mathrm{\ρ}c}{\mathrm{\λ}}\frac{\∂T}{\∂t}=0& in& \mathrm{\Ω}\\ q_{surface}=\mathrm{\λ}\frac{\∂T}{\∂r}{n}_r+\mathrm{\λ}\frac{\∂T}{\∂z}{n}_z& on& \mathrm{\Γ}\\ \frac{\∂T}{\∂z}{|}_{z=0}=0,\frac{\∂T}{\∂z}{|}_{z=l}=0,T{|}_{t=0}=T_0& in& \mathrm{\Ω}\end{array}\right.---\left(6\right)$

Wherein r, ρ, c and λ are respectively the radius of component, density, specific heat capacity and heat-conduction coefficient, and T is member temperature field distribution function; In addition, the cylindrical coordinate (r, θ, z) of r, θ, z member of formation; q _surfacefor the heat flow density of component surface; T is the time.

Further, described step 3) in when calculating the numerical value of the quantity of heat convection of described component surface and Radiant exothermicity, in conjunction with the physical structure of quenching furnance and the Multi sectional radial loop of quenching furnance around heating work mode, the work chamber of quenching furnance is put in order according to the thermopair of chamber walls, be divided into several cylindrical regions from top to bottom, suppose air themperature and chamber internal wall homogeneous temperature in several cylindrical regions and centered by thermocouple measuring temperature; And set the thermocouple measuring temperature of air themperature as its close region of the upper and lower base surface area of work chamber, this hypothesis basis calculates component surface the quantity of heat convection and Radiant exothermicity respectively.

Further, described step 3) in, the method for calculation of convective heat exchange numerical quantity are as follows:

Adopt newton's heat exchange formula (7) to calculate air in each cylindrical region respectively and passed to the heat of component by thermal convection mode,

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}Nu=0.023{\mathrm{Re}}^{0.8}\·{\mathrm{Pr}}^{0.3}\\ h=Nu\·\frac{k_a}{D}\\ \mathrm{Re}=\frac{\stackrel{\‾}{v}{\mathrm{D\ρ}}_a}{\mathrm{\μ}}\\ \mathrm{Pr}=\frac{{\mathrm{\μc}}_a}{k_a}\\ q_{ci}=h_i(T-T_i),i=0,1,....,n\\ q_c={\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{q}_{c0}& q_{c1}& ...& q_{c(n+1)}\end{array}\right]}^T\end{array}\right.---\left(7\right)$

Wherein k _afor air thermal conductivity, Pr is Prandtl number, and D is working spaces's diameter, and Re is Reynolds number, for the mean flow rate of air flowing, get according to quenching technology and be decided to be 15m/s, ρ _afor density of air, μ is aerodynamic force viscosity, c _afor air ratio thermal capacitance, for the convective heat exchange heat flow density in every region, q _cfor the convective heat exchange heat flow density of component, h _ifor the convection transfer rate in every district, T _iit is the i-th regional work chamber interior walls temperature; N is cylindrical region quantity, and the summation of the quantity of heat convection of n cylindrical region is the total amount of the convective heat exchange heat of component surface.

Further, described step 3) in, the method for calculation of radiation heat transfer numerical quantity are as follows:

The band of column face supposing each cylindrical region is isotropic, and uniformity of temperature profile; Suppose that the upper and lower bottom surface of work chamber does not participate in whole radiation heat transfer process, therefore the radiation heat transfer of component and chamber wall only betides between side surface; The radiation heat transfer process supposing between sidewall is the radiation heat transfer process without property of participation gaseous mediums, adopts net radiation method to calculate the Radiant exothermicity of each cylindrical region;

Net radiation method is that concrete calculation procedure of the present invention is as follows for solving a kind of universal method of radiation heat transfer inside radiation heat transfer field:

Introduce following vector sum matrix, band of column face area vector S=[s _i] ^t, the band of column face medium blackness vector ε=[ε _i] ^t, band of column face Net long wave radiation vector B=[B _i] ^t, the incident radiation of band of column face can vectorial H=[H _i] ^t, band of column face radial force E=[E _i] ^t=[σ T _i] ^t, member side surface net radiation heat Q=[Q _i] ^t, direct radiation area matrix between two band of column faces total radiation exchange area matrix between two band of column faces wherein i=1,2 ..., n; J=1,2 ..., n; N is cylindrical region sum;

Calculate the ultimate principle of radiative transfer according to net radiation method, between two band of column faces, direct radiation area adopts formula (8) to calculate,

$\stackrel{\‾}{s_i{s}_j}=\frac{R^4}{\mathrm{\π}}\underset{{\mathrm{\θ}}_i}{\∫}\underset{h_i}{\∫}\underset{{\mathrm{\θ}}_j}{\∫}\underset{h_j}{\∫}\frac{\[1-cos({\mathrm{\θ}}_i-{\mathrm{\θ}}_j)\]}{r^4}{\mathrm{d\θ}}_i{\mathrm{dh}}_i{\mathrm{d\θ}}_j{\mathrm{dh}}_j---\left(8\right)$

In formula, R is working spaces's radius, θ _i, θ _jbe respectively the angle coordinate of infinitesimal center in cylindrical coordinate in two band of column faces, h _i, h _jbe respectively the height coordinate of infinitesimal center in cylindrical coordinate in two band of column faces, r is the infinitesimal line of centres distance in two band of column faces; Meanwhile, the region effective radiant energy in net radiation method and the matrix representation of basic relation of equal quantity formula (9), (10) between incident radiation energy,

$diag\left\{S\right\}H=\stackrel{\‾}{ss}B---\left(9\right)$

B＝(I-diag{ε})H+diag{ε}E(10)

Then member side surface net radiation heat Q can try to achieve with formula (11),

Q＝diag{S}(H-B)(1)

Simultaneous formula (9), (10) and (11) can obtain only relevant to the total radiation exchange area between two band of column faces calculation formula (12) of the net radiation heat Q on member side surface,

$Q=(\stackrel{\‾}{SS}-diag\{S\left\}diag\right\{\mathrm{\ϵ}\left\}\right)E---\left(12\right)$

Wherein, the total radiation exchange area between two band of column faces try to achieve by formula (13),

$\stackrel{\‾}{SS}=diag\left\{S\right\}diag\left\{\mathrm{\ϵ}\right\}{\[diag\left\{S\right\}-\stackrel{\‾}{ss}(I-diag\{\mathrm{\ϵ}\left\}\right)\]}^{-1}\stackrel{\‾}{ss}diag\left\{\mathrm{\ϵ}\right\}---\left(13\right)$

In sum, component surface radiation heat transfer heat flow density can be solved by following formula (14), can calculate the total amount of the radiation heat transfer heat obtaining component surface,

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{q}_{ri}=Q_i/S_i,i=1,...,n\\ q_r={\[q_{r0}{q}_{r1}...q_{r7}{q}_{r(n+1)}\]}^T\end{array}\right.---\left(14\right)$

Q _riit is the radiation heat transfer heat flow density of the i-th cylindrical region; q _rfor the radiation heat transfer heat flow density of component.

Further, based on step 3) the quantity of heat convection of component surface that obtains and the numerical value of Radiant exothermicity, the described convection current radiation mechanism evolution model using Ritz method to build to describe component surface thermal convection and thermal radiation Evolution Mechanism is as shown in the formula shown in (15):

${\Π}^{*}\left(T\right)={\∫}_{\mathrm{\Ω}}(\frac{1}{2}r{\left(\frac{\∂T}{\∂r}\right)}^2+\frac{1}{2}r{\left(\frac{\∂T}{\∂z}\right)}^2-\mathrm{\ρ}cr\frac{\∂T}{\∂t}T)d\mathrm{\Ω}-\underset{i=0}{\overset{n+1}{\Σ}}{\∫}_{{\mathrm{\Γ}}_i}rT\left(q_{ci}+q_{ri}\right){\mathrm{d\Γ}}_i---\left(15\right)$

Component-Based Development is right cylinder, according to Integral Principle, exists to arbitrary function f (r, z) can by Ω, Γ when direction is unchanged _ion triple integral can be reduced to double integral, then the functional ∏ built ^*(T) can be reduced to such as formula shown in (17),

${\Π}^{*}\left(T\right)=2\mathrm{\π}\underset{r,z\∈\mathrm{\Ω}}{\∫\∫}(\frac{1}{2}r{\left(\frac{\∂T}{\∂r}\right)}^2+\frac{1}{2}r{\left(\frac{\∂T}{\∂z}\right)}^2-\mathrm{\ρ}cr\frac{\∂T}{\∂t}T)drdz-2\mathrm{\π}\underset{i=0}{\overset{n+1}{\Σ}}\underset{r,z\∈{\mathrm{\Γ}}_i}{\∫\∫}rT\left(q_{ci}+q_{ri}\right)drdz---\left(17\right)$

By variational principle, what built by Ritz method can describe component surface thermal convection and thermal-radiating mathematical model, and solution can be waited in following formula (18),

$\underset{r,z\∈\mathrm{\Ω}}{\∫\∫}\left(r\right(\frac{\∂{\mathrm{\ω}}_1}{\∂r}\frac{\∂T}{\∂r}+\frac{\∂{\mathrm{\ω}}_1}{\∂z}\frac{\∂T}{\∂z})-\mathrm{\ρ}cr\frac{\∂T}{\∂t}{\mathrm{\ω}}_1)drdz-\underset{i=0}{\overset{n+1}{\Σ}}\underset{r,z\∈{\mathrm{\Γ}}_i}{\∫\∫}{\mathrm{r\ω}}_2(q_{ci}+q_{ri})drdz=0---\left(18\right)$

Wherein ω ₁, ω ₂, for carrying out the weight function of equivalent integral weak form introducing to formula (15); For formula (18), according to component cylindrical set profile feature, adopt annulus unit by discrete for spatial domain Ω be limited cell cube, and the annulus unit cross section orthogonal with rz plane is 3 node triangular mesh, the node of unit is circle-shaped hinge, the junction temperature φ of the temperature φ identical element in constituent parts unit _iinterpolation obtains, shown in (19),

$\mathrm{\φ}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{3}{\Σ}}{N}_i(r,z){\mathrm{\φ}}_i={\mathrm{N\φ}}_e---\left(19\right)$

Wherein, N=[N ₁, N ₂, N ₃], φ _e=[φ ₁, φ ₂, φ ₃] ^t, for interpolating function N _i(r, z) is C ₀successive type interpolating function, it meets following condition,

$N_i\left(r_j,z_j\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& j\≠i\\ 1& j=i\end{array}\right.,and\underset{i=1}{\overset{3}{\Σ}}{N}_i=1---\left(20\right)$

And for the weight function in formula (18), utilize Galerkin method on Ω territory and on Boundary Region Γ, select the weight function with following relation,

ω ₂＝-ω ₁＝-N _j,(j＝1,2,......,m)(21)

Wherein m is Ω territory all discrete node sums obtained; Arrive this, the mathematical modulo pattern (18) describing component surface thermal convection and thermal radiation Evolution Mechanism can be rewritten into the discrete formula (22) that can be used for as follows calculating in real time and represent,

$\begin{array}{c}\underset{e}{\Σ}\underset{r,z\∈{\mathrm{\Ω}}^e}{\∫\∫}r\left(\frac{\∂N_j}{\∂r}\frac{\∂N}{\∂r}+\frac{\∂N_j}{\∂z}\frac{\∂N}{\∂z}\right){\mathrm{\φ}}_{e}drdz-\underset{e}{\Σ}\underset{r,z\∈{\mathrm{\Ω}}^e}{\∫\∫}\mathrm{\ρ}cr\frac{\∂{\mathrm{\φ}}_e}{\∂t}{\mathrm{NN}}_{j}drdz\\ -\underset{i=0}{\overset{n+1}{\Σ}}\underset{e}{\Σ}\underset{r,z\∈{{\mathrm{\Γ}}_i}^e}{\∫\∫}{\mathrm{rN}}_j\left(q_{ci}+q_{ri}\right)drdz=0\left(j=1,2,......,m\right)\end{array}---\left(22\right)$

Wherein e represents and solves territory Ω discrete grid block unit sum.

Further, step 4) in calculate the quantity of heat convection and the Radiant exothermicity of component surface every 10 DEG C, and to draw respectively with component surface temperature be independent variable(s) revised the quantity of heat convection change curve and Radiant exothermicity change curve.

(3) beneficial effect

Technique scheme of the present invention has following beneficial effect: the present invention successfully achieves middle upright quenching furnace heat-treats the amount in each stage in process differentiation to large aluminum alloy component, the component partial temperature overshoot produced when can effectively avoid quenching furnance to be changed to holding stage by the temperature rise period, and greatly reduce due to member temperature skewness and occur burning part, underburnt part, make product rejection, the series of problems such as waste resource.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is upright quenching furnace aluminium alloy element heat treatment stages division methods general diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is divided into nine heat transfer research area schematic in the embodiment of the present invention in upright quenching furnace;

Fig. 3 be in the embodiment of the present invention annulus unit by the schematic diagram of a spatial domain Discrete Finite cell cube;

Fig. 4 is the discrete schematic diagram of upright quenching furnace inner member spatial domain grid in the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the change curve of upright quenching furnace inner member of the present invention surface the quantity of heat convection and Radiant exothermicity.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail.Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but can not be used for limiting the scope of the invention.

In describing the invention, it should be noted that, except as otherwise noted, the implication of " multiple " is two or more; Term " on ", D score, "left", "right", " interior ", " outward ", " front end ", " rear end ", " head ", the orientation of the instruction such as " afterbody " or position relationship be based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, only the present invention for convenience of description and simplified characterization, instead of indicate or imply that the device of indication or element must have specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.In addition, term " first ", " second ", " the 3rd " etc. only for describing object, and can not be interpreted as instruction or hint relative importance.

In describing the invention, also it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " being connected ", " connection " should be interpreted broadly, and such as, can be fixedly connected with, also can be removably connect, or connect integratedly; Can be mechanical connection, also can be electrical connection; Can be directly be connected, also indirectly can be connected by intermediary.For the ordinary skill in the art, visual particular case understands above-mentioned term concrete meaning in the present invention.

The object of the invention is vertical quenching furnance aluminium alloy element heat treatment process and carry out quantitative division, and will quenching furnance heat treatment process quantitatively be divided, just must understand the temperature rise period of quenching furnance and the two stage core area component of holding stage, namely must find a suitable physical quantity to describe this two stages.According to thermal conduction study basic theories, relatively low in the temperature of the temperature rise period component of quenching furnance, and two blower fan full-load runs of now furnace bottom, so in this stage, the heat transfer type that temperature is passed to component by chamber walls is mainly conducted by thermal convection mode; Contrary quenching furnance of working as is in holding stage, the temperature of component is relatively high, general more than 450 DEG C, and the air heats in quenching furnance expands, the overwhelming majority is overflowed in stove, and blower fan almost dallies, the heat catalysis of obvious transmission of heat by convection mode becomes rare, heat transfer efficiency reduces greatly, and the thermal radiation heat transfer type meanwhile not relying on heat catalysis then becomes main heat transfer type, and the heat of chamber walls is passed to component endlessly.But there is great differences in transmission of heat by convection and radiative transfer two kinds of heat transfer types: transmission of heat by convection mode, the slow but good uniformity of heat transmission; But radiative transfer mode is just contrary, heat transfer efficiency is high, but heat is easily concentrated.Again in conjunction with the requirement of quenching furnance technique, exactly need the high efficiency of conducting heat in the temperature rise period, when component reaches suitable temperature, need the bulk temperature field of component to ensure within the scope of some steady temperature ± 3 DEG C.Obviously based on upper surface analysis, namely the key that the quenching furnance heat treatment process heating phase quantitatively divides is how the transition process of the dual heat transfer type in quenching furnance to be divided, namely the temperature of component how is utilized to carry out quantitative dividing point reasonable in design, be the divided stages of main heat transfer mode by thermal convection be the temperature rise period of quenching furnance, and the quick followability of the capability priority of the control strategy designed in this stage; Be the divided stages of main heat transfer mode by thermal radiation be the holding stage of quenching furnance, and the capability priority stability of the control strategy designed in this stage; And be transitory stage by thermal radiation and the coefficient stage definitions of thermal convection, and the preferential performance index of the control strategy in this stage are overshoot.Then from heat transfer theory, the physical quantity distinguishing thermal convection and thermal radiation two kinds of heat transfer type the bests is two kinds of heat transfer types heat transfer separately of the acceptance of component surface, so namely the core of carrying out quantitatively dividing to the quenching furnance heat treatment process heating phase is calculate component surface the quantity of heat convection and Radiant exothermicity and set up the mechanism model that both develop mutually.

For achieving the above object, thinking of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, first set up there is thermal convection based on quenching furnance (1) interior heat exchanging process and thermal-radiating between upright quenching furnace member temperature field prediction model (2) of interactional dual heat-transfer mechanism, quantitative Analysis component surface the quantity of heat convection and Radiant exothermicity (3) on this basis, and set up the mechanism model (4) mutually developed between component surface two kinds of heats, finally by the convection current radiation heat transfer discharge curve (5) drawing component surface, understand the changing conditions of component surface the quantity of heat convection and Radiant exothermicity in different time, finally quenching furnance heat treatment stages is utilized component surface temperature range quantitative be divided into the temperature rise period, transitory stage and holding stage (6).

Specifically:

Large vertical quench furnace member temperature field prediction model

According to the physical structure of large-scale quenching furnance as shown in (1) in Fig. 1, want Real-time Obtaining component inside thermo parameters method just must set up to hang on the components three-dimensional transient heat conduction model at quenching furnance center, Three dimensional transient heat conduction model for solid all can adopt and describe such as formula the Three dimensional transient thermal conduction universal former shown in (1)

Wherein r, ρ, c and λ are respectively the radius of component, density, specific heat capacity and heat-conduction coefficient, and T is member temperature field distribution function.And provide second kind boundary condition and initial condition that model separates surely such as formula shown in (2) and (3),

q _surface＝q _c+q _ronΓ(2)

$\begin{array}{ccc}\frac{\∂T}{\∂z}{|}_{z=0}=0,\frac{\∂T}{\∂z}{|}_{z=l}=0,T{|}_{t=0}=T_0& in& \mathrm{\Ω}\end{array}---\left(3\right)$

For meeting the double-deck requirement of large-scale quenching furnance quenching technology to the high precision of model solution and high real-time, obvious employing conventional three-dimensional transient heat conduction model is as components three-dimensional transient heat conduction model, it is very consuming time for solving, and cannot meet the real-time processing requirement of model solution time complexity below 3 minutes at all.So Rational Simplification must be carried out in conjunction with the physical structure of large-scale quenching furnance and process characteristic to model, its foundation simplified: first, the geometrical shape of quenching furnance and component is all right cylinders, is typical zhou duicheng tuxing; Secondly, large-scale quenching furnance adopts Multi sectional to heat around type of heating, and the heat effect making quenching furnance chamber walls award component also has axisymmetric feature; Finally, constraint condition on component is added in and final condition also has rotational symmetry characteristic.For axisymmetric threedimensional solid transient heat transfer model, cylindrical coordinate (r can be adopted, θ, z) modeling is carried out, and θ aspect effect can be ignored, make the state of temperature function of solid interior be the function of r and z, thus by equations turned for threedimensional solid transient heat transfer be two-dimensional solid transient heat transfer equation, then can provide transient heat conduction model and final condition and initial condition that component simplifies such as formula shown in (4)

$\left\{\begin{array}{ccc}\frac{{\∂}^{2}T}{\∂r^2}+\frac{1}{r}\frac{\∂T}{\∂r}+\frac{{\∂}^{2}T}{\∂z^2}-\frac{\mathrm{\ρ}c}{\mathrm{\λ}}\frac{\∂T}{\∂t}=0& in& \mathrm{\Ω}\\ q_{surface}=q_c+q_r& on& \mathrm{\Γ}\\ \frac{\∂T}{\∂z}{|}_{z=0}=0,\frac{\∂T}{\∂z}{|}_{z=l}=0,T{|}_{t=0}=T_0& in& \mathrm{\Ω}\end{array}\right.---\left(4\right)$

Again according to the ultimate principle of thermal conduction study, in cylindrical coordinate system, the heat flow density q of component surface _surfaceavailable formula (5) is tried to achieve,

$q_{surface}=\mathrm{\λ}\frac{\∂T}{\∂n}=\mathrm{\λ}\frac{\∂T}{\∂r}{n}_r+\mathrm{\λ}\frac{\∂T}{\∂z}{n}_z---\left(5\right)$

Wherein, (n _r, n _z) be border outer normal direction cosine, then model can be changed into such as formula shown in (6),

$\left\{\begin{array}{ccc}\frac{{\∂}^{2}T}{\∂r^2}+\frac{1}{r}\frac{\∂T}{\∂r}+\frac{{\∂}^{2}T}{\∂z^2}-\frac{\mathrm{\ρ}c}{\mathrm{\λ}}\frac{\∂T}{\∂t}=0& in& \mathrm{\Ω}\\ q_{surface}=\mathrm{\λ}\frac{\∂T}{\∂r}{n}_r+\mathrm{\λ}\frac{\∂T}{\∂z}{n}_z& on& \mathrm{\Γ}\\ \frac{\∂T}{\∂z}{|}_{z=0}=0,\frac{\∂T}{\∂z}{|}_{z=l}=0,T{|}_{t=0}=T_0& in& \mathrm{\Ω}\end{array}\right.---\left(6\right)$

To sum up, by analyzing the physical structure of quenching technology in conjunction with quenching furnance of large-scale quenching furnance, establish the rational transient heat conduction model of component one.On the one hand, precision can be consistent with threedimensional solid transient heat transfer model this model; On the other hand, the time complexity of model solution but maintains an equal level mutually with two-dimensional solid transient heat transfer model, thus makes real-time, Obtaining Accurate internal temperature field distribution online become possibility.

Calculate component surface the quantity of heat convection and Radiant exothermicity

According to the quenching technology of large vertical quench furnace, aluminium alloy element hangs in working spaces, and the heat flux of component surface derives from two aspects: one is that the warm air flowing through working spaces transfers heat to component by thermal convection; Two be chamber internal wall by thermal radiation by heat radiation to component.And this two kinds of heat exchange heats calculate in the large-scale quenching furnance that height is 31 meters, difficulty is very big, for simplifying difficulty in computation, known by analyzing large-scale quenching furnance quenching technology, and in conjunction with the physical structure of quenching furnance and the Multi sectional radial loop of quenching furnance around heating work mode, work chamber is put in order according to the thermopair of chamber walls, be divided into nine regions as shown in Figure 2 from top to bottom, be respectively seven cylindrical regions of label 9 to 15, mod sum label be 8 upper bottom surface region and label be 16 bottom surface region.Suppose air themperature and chamber internal wall homogeneous temperature in seven cylindrical regions simultaneously and centered by thermocouple measuring temperature; And set the thermocouple measuring temperature of air themperature as its close region of upper and lower base surface area.Component surface the quantity of heat convection can be calculated respectively on this basis and Radiant exothermicity as follows:

(1) component surface the quantity of heat convection

Based on analysis above, to divided region, subregion adopts newton's heat exchange formula formula (7) to calculate every district air respectively by conductive heat transfer to the heat of component,

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}Nu=0.023{\mathrm{Re}}^{0.8}\·{\mathrm{Pr}}^{0.3}\\ h=Nu\·\frac{k_a}{D}\\ \mathrm{Re}=\frac{\stackrel{\‾}{v}{\mathrm{D\ρ}}_a}{\mathrm{\μ}}\\ \mathrm{Pr}=\frac{{\mathrm{\μc}}_a}{k_a}\\ q_{ci}=h_i(T-T_i),i=0,1,....,8\\ q_c={\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{q}_{c0}& q_{c1}& ...& q_{c(n+1)}\end{array}\right]}^T\end{array}\right.---\left(7\right)$

Wherein k _afor air thermal conductivity, Pr is Prandtl number, and D is working spaces's diameter, and Re is Reynolds number, for the mean flow rate of air flowing, get according to quenching technology and be decided to be 15m/s, ρ _afor density of air, μ is aerodynamic force viscosity, c _afor air ratio thermal capacitance, q _cifor the convective heat exchange heat flow density in every district, h _ifor the convection transfer rate in every district, T _iit is i-th district's chamber internal wall temperature.The total amount of the convective heat exchange heat of component surface can be obtained based on (7) formula.

(2) component surface Radiant exothermicity

Calculate component surface radiation heat transfer heat before, must be described the feature of the radiation heat transfer environment in quenching furnance, its feature specifically:

1) chamber internal wall and component surface form the coaxial clyinder geometric shape closed;

2) chamber internal wall and the equal tool of component surface are the physical propertys of radiation grey body;

3) chamber internal wall face is that typical concave surface has Radiant exothermicity self visible feature;

4) component surface is typical convex surface, there is the radiation feature of reflected radiation;

5) oven area at component and chamber wall upper and lower surface place is interior without heating unit, so the radiation heat transfer between component and chamber wall upper and lower surface can be ignored;

6) side, working spaces inwall is all approximated to vertical almost relation with component upper and lower surface and chamber wall upper and lower surface, and it is actively little that upper and lower surface can accept sidewall heat radiation surface, then can ignore the radiation heat transfer between them;

7) the concavo-convex feature of chamber internal wall face and component surface, cause Radiant exothermicity roundtrip between two walls between two sides, process is extremely complicated;

8) air between chamber internal wall face and component surface is hyalosome, and namely non-radiating heat does not also absorb heat, so this heat transfer process belongs to the radiation heat transfer process without property of participation gaseous mediums.

For above feature, consider solution efficiency simultaneously, first, the outside surface of working spaces's internal surface and component is still divided into N=9 face by dividing mode above, it comprise label be 8 upper bottom surface disc region and label be 16 bottom surface disc region, and seven of the label 9 to 15 radially divided band of column faces, and suppose that each band of column face is isotropic, and uniformity of temperature profile; Secondly, can suppose that upper and lower disc does not participate in whole radiation heat transfer process in conjunction with analysis above, therefore think that the radiation heat transfer of component and chamber wall only betides between side surface; Again, due to the radiation heat transfer process without property of participation gaseous mediums that the radiation heat transfer between sidewall has, then net radiation method can be adopted to solve to simplify solution procedure; Finally, by net radiation method by side, working spaces inwall in radiation heat transfer process complicated between side, working spaces inner-wall surface and member side surface by radiant heat transfer to the Solve problems of total hot-fluid of component, be converted into the Solve problems of total radiation exchange area haveing nothing to do with radiation detailed process, also have nothing to do with state of temperature function.

For convenience of Succinct representation, introduce following vector sum matrix, band of column face area vector S=[s _i] ^t, the band of column face medium blackness vector ε=[ε _i] ^t, band of column face Net long wave radiation vector B=[B _i] ^t, the incident radiation of band of column face can vectorial H=[H _i] ^t, band of column face radial force E=[E _i] ^t=[σ T _i] ^t, member side surface net radiation heat Q=[Q _i] ^t, direct radiation area matrix between two band of column faces total radiation exchange area matrix between two band of column faces wherein i=1 ..., 7, j=1 ..., 7 calculate the ultimate principle of radiative transfer according to net radiation method, and between two band of column faces, direct radiation area can use formula (8) to calculate,

$\stackrel{\‾}{s_i{s}_j}=\frac{R^4}{\mathrm{\π}}\underset{{\mathrm{\θ}}_i}{\∫}\underset{h_i}{\∫}\underset{{\mathrm{\θ}}_j}{\∫}\underset{h_j}{\∫}\frac{\[1-cos({\mathrm{\θ}}_i-{\mathrm{\θ}}_j)\]}{r^4}{\mathrm{d\θ}}_i{\mathrm{dh}}_i{\mathrm{d\θ}}_j{\mathrm{dh}}_j---\left(8\right)$

In formula, R is working spaces's radius, θ _i, θ _jbe respectively the angle coordinate of infinitesimal center in cylindrical coordinate in two band of column faces, h _i, h _jbe respectively the height coordinate of infinitesimal center in cylindrical coordinate in two band of column faces, r is the infinitesimal line of centres distance in two band of column faces.Meanwhile, the region effective radiant energy in net radiation method and between incident radiation energy basic relation of equal quantity can with the matrix form of formula (9), (10) come concisely represent as follows,

$diag\left\{S\right\}H=\stackrel{\‾}{ss}B---\left(9\right)$

B=(I-diag{ ε }) H+diag{ ε } E (10) then member side surface net radiation heat Q can try to achieve with formula (11),

Q＝diag{S}(H-B)(11)

Simultaneous, formula (9), (10) and (11) can obtain only relevant to the total radiation exchange area between two band of column faces calculation formula of the net radiation heat Q on member side surface, shown in (12),

$Q=(\stackrel{\‾}{SS}-diag\{S\left\}diag\right\{\mathrm{\ϵ}\left\}\right)E---\left(12\right)$

Wherein, the total radiation exchange area between two band of column faces try to achieve by formula (13),

$\stackrel{\‾}{SS}=diag\left\{S\right\}diag\left\{\mathrm{\ϵ}\right\}{\[diag\left\{S\right\}-\stackrel{\‾}{ss}(I-diag\{\mathrm{\ϵ}\left\}\right)\]}^{-1}\stackrel{\‾}{ss}diag\left\{\mathrm{\ϵ}\right\}---\left(13\right)$

From formula (11) and (12), it is total radiation exchange area that the net radiation heat Q on member side surface solves critical quantity solve.And be temperature independent function, only need to utilize formula (8) to obtain Direct Exchange Areas , thus avoid the analysis to radiation heat transfer process complicated between chamber internal wall face and component surface.

In sum, component surface radiation heat transfer heat flow density can be solved by following formula formula (14), can calculate the total amount of the radiation heat transfer heat obtaining component surface.

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{q}_{ri}=Q_i/S_i,i=1,...,7\\ q_r={\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}{q}_{r0}& q_{r1}& ...& q_{r7}& q_{r(n+1)}\end{array}\right]}^T\end{array}\right.---\left(14\right)$

Set up thermal convection and thermal radiation Evolution Mechanism model

Based on the large vertical quench furnace member temperature field prediction model set up above, and calculate the convective heat exchange of component surface and the heat numerical value of radiation heat transfer that obtain, Ritz method can be used to build the mathematical model that can describe component surface thermal convection and thermal radiation Evolution Mechanism.Shown in formula (15),

${\Π}^{*}\left(T\right)={\∫}_{\mathrm{\Ω}}(\frac{1}{2}r{\left(\frac{\∂T}{\∂r}\right)}^2+\frac{1}{2}r{\left(\frac{\∂T}{\∂z}\right)}^2-\mathrm{\ρ}cr\frac{\∂T}{\∂t}T)d\mathrm{\Ω}-\underset{i=0}{\overset{n+1}{\Σ}}{\∫}_{{\mathrm{\Γ}}_i}rT\left(q_{ci}+q_{ri}\right){\mathrm{d\Γ}}_i---\left(15\right)$

Component-Based Development is this brass tacks of right cylinder, according to Integral Principle, exists to arbitrary function f (r, z) can by Ω, Γ when direction is unchanged _ion triple integral can be reduced to double integral, shown in (16),

The functional ∏ then built ^*(T) can be reduced to such as formula shown in (17),

${\Π}^{*}\left(T\right)=2\mathrm{\π}\underset{r,z\∈\mathrm{\Ω}}{\∫\∫}(\frac{1}{2}r{\left(\frac{\∂T}{\∂r}\right)}^2+\frac{1}{2}r{\left(\frac{\∂T}{\∂z}\right)}^2-\mathrm{\ρ}cr\frac{\∂T}{\∂t}T)drdz-2\mathrm{\π}\underset{i=0}{\overset{n+1}{\Σ}}\underset{r,z\∈{\mathrm{\Γ}}_i}{\∫\∫}rT\left(q_{ci}+q_{ri}\right)drdz---\left(17\right)$

By variational principle, what built by Ritz method can describe component surface thermal convection and thermal-radiating mathematical model, and solution can be waited in following form,

$\underset{r,z\∈\mathrm{\Ω}}{\∫\∫}\left(r\right(\frac{\∂{\mathrm{\ω}}_1}{\∂r}\frac{\∂T}{\∂r}+\frac{\∂{\mathrm{\ω}}_1}{\∂z}\frac{\∂T}{\∂z})-\mathrm{\ρ}cr\frac{\∂T}{\∂t}{\mathrm{\ω}}_1)drdz-\underset{i=0}{\overset{n+1}{\Σ}}\underset{r,z\∈{\mathrm{\Γ}}_i}{\∫\∫}{\mathrm{r\ω}}_2(q_{ci}+q_{ri})drdz=0---\left(18\right)$

Wherein ω ₁, ω ₂, for carrying out the weight function of equivalent integral weak form introducing to formula (15).And for formula (18), can according to component cylindrical set profile feature, adopt annulus unit by discrete for spatial domain Ω be limited cell cube as shown in Figure 3, and the annulus unit cross section orthogonal with rz plane is 3 node triangular mesh, the node of unit is circle-shaped hinge, each unit forms grid as shown in Figure 4 in rz plane, and to the temperature value of node and node that there emerged a unit in figure, the temperature φ in typical flat unit can be similar to the junction temperature φ by identical element _iinterpolation obtains, shown in (19),

$\mathrm{\φ}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{3}{\Σ}}{N}_i(r,z){\mathrm{\φ}}_i={\mathrm{N\φ}}_e---\left(19\right)$

Wherein, N=[N ₁, N ₂, N ₃], φ _e=[φ ₁, φ ₂, φ ₃] ^t, for interpolating function N _i(r, z) is C ₀successive type interpolating function, it meets following condition,

$N_i\left(r_j,z_j\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& j\≠i\\ 1& j=i\end{array}\right.,and\underset{i=1}{\overset{3}{\Σ}}{N}_i=1---\left(20\right)$

And for the weight function in formula (18), utilize Galerkin method on Ω territory and on Boundary Region Γ, select the weight function with following relation,

ω ₂＝-ω ₁＝-N _j,(j＝1,2,......,m)(21)

Wherein m is Ω territory all discrete node sums obtained.Arrive this, the mathematical modulo pattern (18) describing component surface thermal convection and thermal radiation Evolution Mechanism can be rewritten into the discrete form that can be used for as follows calculating in real time, shown in (22),

$\begin{array}{c}\underset{e}{\Σ}\underset{r,z\∈{\mathrm{\Ω}}^e}{\∫\∫}r\left(\frac{\∂N_j}{\∂r}\frac{\∂N}{\∂r}+\frac{\∂N_j}{\∂z}\frac{\∂N}{\∂z}\right){\mathrm{\φ}}_{e}drdz-\underset{e}{\Σ}\underset{r,z\∈{\mathrm{\Ω}}^e}{\∫\∫}\mathrm{\ρ}cr\frac{\∂{\mathrm{\φ}}_e}{\∂t}{\mathrm{NN}}_{j}drdz\\ -\underset{i=0}{\overset{n+1}{\Σ}}\underset{e}{\Σ}\underset{r,z\∈{{\mathrm{\Γ}}_i}^e}{\∫\∫}{\mathrm{rN}}_j\left(q_{ci}+q_{ri}\right)drdz=0\left(j=1,2,......,m\right)\end{array}---\left(22\right)$

Wherein e represents and solves territory Ω discrete grid block unit sum.

The method that quenching furnance heat treatment stages quantitatively divides

Quenching furnance heat treatment stages quantitatively divides as ultimate object of the present invention, set up large vertical quench furnace member temperature field prediction model, calculating component surface the quantity of heat convection and Radiant exothermicity except what mention above and set up except thermal convection and thermal radiation Evolution Mechanism model, also have a necessary technological step, namely must provide and utilize component surface temperature range quantitatively heat treatment process to be divided into the suitable threshold value of temperature range needed for temperature rise period, transitory stage and holding stage.But the determination of the threshold value of this temperature range lacks relevant rule of thumb data.Based on this, the present invention is according to field experiment experience, and consult pertinent literature, using the heat exchange heat difference amplitude according to convection current and radiation more than twice as segmentation foundation, if namely when in component surface total heat, the heat produced by convective heat exchange is more than 2 times of the heat that radiation heat transfer produces, then now think that thermal convection is that main heat transfer mode ignores thermal radiation, and using when the quantity of heat convection be Radiant exothermicity just 2 times time the temperature value of component surface as the temperature range upper bound of temperature rise period in quenching furnance heat treatment stages, and the lower bound of transitory stage, if on the other hand when in component surface total heat, the heat produced by radiation heat transfer is more than 2 times of the heat that convective heat exchange produces, then now think that radiative transfer is that main heat transfer mode ignores transmission of heat by convection, and using when Radiant exothermicity be the quantity of heat convection just 2 times time the temperature value of component surface as the temperature range lower bound of holding stage in quenching furnance heat treatment stages, and the upper bound of transitory stage.Thus realize utilizing component surface temperature range quantitatively heat treatment process to be divided into temperature rise period, transitory stage and holding stage.Illustrate, when member temperature is warmed up to 500 DEG C by 100 DEG C, consider that air overflows factor: first utilize thermal convection and thermal radiation Evolution Mechanism model, every the caloric value of 10 degree of calculating, one group of convection current and radiation heat transfer, and thermal change curves both to be depicted as shown in Figure 5 revised; And then according to the principle of difference 2 times, obtain the component surface temperature range being used for quantitatively dividing needed for quenching furnance heat treatment stages, namely when component surface temperature is in 0 DEG C ~ 370 DEG C, it is now the temperature rise period, be transitory stage when component surface temperature is in 370 DEG C ~ 460 DEG C, when component surface temperature is holding stage higher than when 460 DEG C; Finally according to the temperature range obtaining a divided stages, combination member temperature field prediction model carries out quantitative division to quenching furnance heat treatment stages in real time.

Such as, southwestern Aluminum 31 meters of large-scale quenching furnances carry out installation and operation, specifically carry out in accordance with the following steps:

1) thermopair by chamber wall in quenching furnance is installed, preliminary acquisition distance component surface has the real-time measuring tempeature of the chamber wall of certain distance.

2) with on the basis of the real-time measuring tempeature of the chamber wall obtained, utilize the member temperature field prediction model set up, calculate and obtain the accurate temperature of component surface any point.

3) recycle the accurate temperature value of any point in component surface, predesigne does not consider the quantity of heat convection of transmission of heat by convection and the interactional component surface of radiative transfer and the numerical value of Radiant exothermicity.

4) the convection current radiation mechanism evolution model set up of recycling, and in conjunction with the magnitude value of existing the quantity of heat convection and Radiant exothermicity, is depicted as thermal change curve every 10 DEG C of the quantity of heat convections and Radiant exothermicity calculating component surface.

5) again according to the quantity of heat convection and Radiant exothermicity 2 times of gap principles, acquisition quantitatively can divide the component surface temperature range of quenching furnance heat treatment stages, as being in 0 DEG C ~ 370 DEG C for the temperature rise period, being transition stage when being in 370 DEG C ~ 460 DEG C, is holding stage higher than 460 DEG C.

6) finally according to the temperature range obtaining a divided stages, the real time temperature of combination member can carry out quantitatively real-time division to the three phases of quenching furnance heat treatment stages.

Embodiments of the invention provide in order to example with for the purpose of describing, and are not exhaustively or limit the invention to disclosed form.Many modifications and variations are apparent for the ordinary skill in the art.Selecting and describing embodiment is in order to principle of the present invention and practical application are better described, and enables those of ordinary skill in the art understand the present invention thus design the various embodiments with various amendment being suitable for specific end use.

Claims (8)

1. a upright quenching furnace heat treatment stages division methods, is characterized in that, quenching furnance heat treatment stages, according to the quantity of heat convection and Radiant exothermicity 2 times of gap principles, is quantitatively divided into temperature rise period, transitory stage and holding stage by it; Described the quantity of heat convection and Radiant exothermicity 2 times of gap principles are specially:

(1) if when in the component surface total heat that is heat-treated in quenching furnance, the heat produced by convective heat exchange is more than 2 times of the heat that radiation heat transfer produces, then heat treatment stages is now the temperature rise period;

(2) if the heat that convective heat exchange produces is less than 2 times of heat that radiation heat transfer produces, and the heat that radiation heat transfer produces is less than 2 times of the heat that convective heat exchange produces, then heat treatment stages is now transitory stage;

(3) if the heat that radiation heat transfer produces is more than 2 times of heat that convective heat exchange produces, then heat treatment stages is now holding stage.

2. upright quenching furnace heat treatment stages division methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described upright quenching furnace heat treatment stages division methods, possesses and comprise the steps:

1) utilize the thermopair in quenching furnance, chamber wall installed, obtain the real-time measuring tempeature of the chamber wall corresponding to component surface;

2) on the basis of the real-time measuring tempeature of acquired chamber wall, utilize member temperature field prediction model, calculate and obtain the accurate temperature of component surface any point;

3) utilize the accurate temperature value of any point in component surface, predesigne does not consider the quantity of heat convection of transmission of heat by convection and the interactional component surface of radiative transfer and the numerical value of Radiant exothermicity;

4) convection current radiation mechanism evolution model is utilized, and integrating step 3) in the numerical value of the quantity of heat convection that calculates and Radiant exothermicity, the quantity of heat convection of component surface and the numerical value of Radiant exothermicity are revised, and draws with component surface temperature be independent variable(s) revised the quantity of heat convection change curve and Radiant exothermicity change curve respectively;

5) according to the quantity of heat convection and Radiant exothermicity 2 times of gap principles, the component surface temperature range of quenching furnance heat treatment stages is divided into temperature rise period, transitory stage and holding stage;

6) last according to step 5) in the described temperature range of each heat treatment stages of division that obtains, quenching furnance heat treatment stages is carried out quantitatively real-time division by the real time temperature of combination member.

3. upright quenching furnace heat treatment stages division methods according to claim 2, is characterized in that, shape is the described member temperature field prediction model representation of cylindrical large-scale component is following formula (6):

$\left\{\begin{array}{ccc}\frac{{\∂}^{2}T}{\∂r^2}+\frac{1}{r}\frac{\∂T}{\∂r}+\frac{{\∂}^{2}T}{\∂z^2}-\frac{\mathrm{\ρ}c}{\mathrm{\λ}}\frac{\∂T}{\∂t}=0& in& \mathrm{\Ω}\\ q_{surface}=\mathrm{\λ}\frac{\∂T}{\∂r}{n}_r+\mathrm{\λ}\frac{\∂T}{\∂z}{n}_z& on& \mathrm{\Γ}\\ \frac{\∂T}{\∂z}{|}_{z=0}=0,\frac{\∂T}{\∂z}{|}_{z=l}=0,T{|}_{t=0}=T_0& in& \mathrm{\Ω}\end{array}\right.---\left(6\right)$

Wherein r, ρ, c and λ are respectively the radius of component, density, specific heat capacity and heat-conduction coefficient, and T is member temperature field distribution function; In addition, the cylindrical coordinate (r, θ, z) of r, θ, z member of formation; q _surfacefor the heat flow density of component surface; T is the time.

4. upright quenching furnace heat treatment stages division methods according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described step 3) in when calculating the numerical value of the quantity of heat convection of described component surface and Radiant exothermicity, in conjunction with the physical structure of quenching furnance and the Multi sectional radial loop of quenching furnance around heating work mode, the work chamber of quenching furnance is put in order according to the thermopair of chamber walls, be divided into several cylindrical regions from top to bottom, suppose air themperature and chamber internal wall homogeneous temperature in several cylindrical regions and centered by thermocouple measuring temperature; And set the air themperature of the upper and lower base surface area of work chamber to close on the thermocouple measuring temperature of cylindrical region as it, this hypothesis basis calculates component surface the quantity of heat convection and Radiant exothermicity respectively.

5. upright quenching furnace heat treatment stages division methods according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described step 3) in, the method for calculation of convective heat exchange numerical quantity are as follows:

Adopt newton's heat exchange formula (7) to calculate air in each cylindrical region respectively and passed to the heat of component by thermal convection mode,

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}Nu=0.023{\mathrm{Re}}^{0.8}\·{\mathrm{Pr}}^{0.3}\\ h=Nu\·\frac{k_a}{D}\\ \mathrm{Re}=\frac{\stackrel{\‾}{v}{\mathrm{D\ρ}}_a}{\mathrm{\μ}}\\ \mathrm{Pr}=\frac{{\mathrm{\μc}}_a}{k_a}\\ q_{ci}=h_i(T-T_i),i=0,1,....,n\\ q_c={\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{q}_{c0}& q_{c1}& ...& q_{c(n+1)}\end{array}\right]}^T\end{array}\right.---\left(7\right)$

Wherein k _afor air thermal conductivity, Pr is Prandtl number, and D is working spaces's diameter, and Re is Reynolds number, for the mean flow rate of air flowing, get according to quenching technology and be decided to be 15m/s, ρ _afor density of air, μ is aerodynamic force viscosity, c _afor air ratio thermal capacitance, for the convective heat exchange heat flow density in every region, q _cfor the convective heat exchange heat flow density of component, h _ifor the convection transfer rate in every district, T _iit is the i-th regional work chamber interior walls temperature; N is the quantity of cylindrical region, and the summation of the quantity of heat convection of n cylindrical region is the total amount of the convective heat exchange heat of component surface.

6. upright quenching furnace heat treatment stages division methods according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described step 3) in, the method for calculation of radiation heat transfer numerical quantity are as follows:

The band of column face supposing each cylindrical region is isotropic, and uniformity of temperature profile; Suppose that the upper and lower bottom surface of work chamber does not participate in whole radiation heat transfer process, therefore the radiation heat transfer of component and chamber wall only betides between side surface; The radiation heat transfer process supposing between sidewall is the radiation heat transfer process without property of participation gaseous mediums, adopts net radiation method to calculate the Radiant exothermicity of each cylindrical region;

Introduce following vector sum matrix, band of column face area vector S=[s _i] ^t, the band of column face medium blackness vector ε=[ε _i] ^t, band of column face Net long wave radiation vector B=[B _i] ^t, the incident radiation of band of column face can vectorial H=[H _i] ^t, band of column face radial force E=[E _i] ^t=[σ T _i] ^t, member side surface net radiation heat Q=[Q _i] ^t, direct radiation area matrix between two band of column faces total radiation exchange area matrix between two band of column faces wherein i=1,2 ..., n; J=1,2 ..., n; N is cylindrical region sum;

Calculate the ultimate principle of radiative transfer according to net radiation method, between two band of column faces, direct radiation area adopts formula (8) to calculate,

$\stackrel{\‾}{s_i{s}_j}=\frac{R^4}{\mathrm{\π}}\underset{{\mathrm{\θ}}_i}{\∫}\underset{h_i}{\∫}\underset{{\mathrm{\θ}}_j}{\∫}\underset{h_j}{\∫}\frac{\[1-cos({\mathrm{\θ}}_i-{\mathrm{\θ}}_j)\]}{r^4}{\mathrm{d\θ}}_i{\mathrm{dh}}_i{\mathrm{d\θ}}_j{\mathrm{dh}}_j---\left(8\right)$

In formula, R is working spaces's radius, θ _i, θ _jbe respectively the angle coordinate of infinitesimal center in cylindrical coordinate in two band of column faces, h _i, h _jbe respectively the height coordinate of infinitesimal center in cylindrical coordinate in two band of column faces, r is the infinitesimal line of centres distance in two band of column faces; Meanwhile, the region effective radiant energy in net radiation method and the matrix representation of basic relation of equal quantity formula (9), (10) between incident radiation energy,

$diag\left\{S\right\}H=\stackrel{\‾}{ss}B---\left(9\right)$

B＝(I-diag{ε})H+diag{ε}E(10)

Then member side surface net radiation heat Q can try to achieve with formula (11),

Q＝diag{S}(H-B)(11)

Simultaneous formula (9), (10) and (11) can obtain only relevant to the total radiation exchange area between two band of column faces calculation formula (12) of the net radiation heat Q on member side surface,

$Q=(\stackrel{\‾}{SS}-diag\{S\left\}diag\right\{\mathrm{\ϵ}\left\}\right)E---\left(12\right)$

Wherein, the total radiation exchange area between two band of column faces $\stackrel{\‾}{SS}$ Try to achieve by formula (13),

$\stackrel{\‾}{SS}=diag\left\{S\right\}diag\left\{\mathrm{\ϵ}\right\}{\[diag\left\{S\right\}-\stackrel{\‾}{ss}(I-diag\{\mathrm{\ϵ}\left\}\right)\]}^{-1}\stackrel{\‾}{ss}diag\left\{\mathrm{\ϵ}\right\}---\left(13\right)$

In sum, component surface radiation heat transfer heat flow density can be solved by following formula (14), can calculate the total amount of the radiation heat transfer heat obtaining component surface,

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{q}_{ri}=Q_i/S_i,i=1,...,n\\ q_r={\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}{q}_{r0}& q_{r1}& ...& q_{r7}& q_{r(n+1)}\end{array}\right]}^T\end{array}\right.---\left(14\right)$

Q _riit is the radiation heat transfer heat flow density of the i-th cylindrical region; q _rfor the radiation heat transfer heat flow density of component.

7. upright quenching furnace heat treatment stages division methods according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, based on step 3) the quantity of heat convection of component surface that obtains and the numerical value of Radiant exothermicity, use Ritz method to build the described convection current radiation mechanism evolution model that can describe component surface thermal convection and thermal radiation Evolution Mechanism; Shown in (15),

${\Π}^{*}\left(T\right)={\∫}_{\mathrm{\Ω}}(\frac{1}{2}r{\left(\frac{\∂T}{\∂r}\right)}^2+\frac{1}{2}r{\left(\frac{\∂T}{\∂z}\right)}^2-\mathrm{\ρ}cr\frac{\∂T}{\∂t}T)d\mathrm{\Ω}-\underset{i=0}{\overset{n+1}{\Σ}}{\∫}_{{\mathrm{\Γ}}_i}rT\left(q_{ci}+q_{ri}\right){\mathrm{d\Γ}}_i---\left(15\right)$

Component-Based Development is right cylinder, according to Integral Principle, exists to arbitrary function f (r, z) can by Ω, Γ when direction is unchanged _ion triple integral can be reduced to double integral, then the functional ∏ built ^*(T) can be reduced to such as formula shown in (17),

${\Π}^{*}\left(T\right)=2\mathrm{\π}\underset{r,z\∈\mathrm{\Ω}}{\∫\∫}(\frac{1}{2}r{\left(\frac{\∂T}{\∂r}\right)}^2+\frac{1}{2}r{\left(\frac{\∂T}{\∂z}\right)}^2-\mathrm{\ρ}cr\frac{\∂T}{\∂t}T)drdz-2\mathrm{\π}\underset{i=0}{\overset{n+1}{\Σ}}\underset{r,z\∈{\mathrm{\Γ}}_i}{\∫\∫}rT\left(q_{ci}+q_{ri}\right)drdz---\left(17\right)$

By variational principle, what built by Ritz method can describe component surface thermal convection and thermal-radiating mathematical model, and solution can be waited in following formula (18),

$\underset{r,z\∈\mathrm{\Ω}}{\∫\∫}\left(r\right(\frac{\∂{\mathrm{\ω}}_1}{\∂r}\frac{\∂T}{\∂r}+\frac{\∂{\mathrm{\ω}}_1}{\∂z}\frac{\∂T}{\∂z})-\mathrm{\ρ}cr\frac{\∂T}{\∂t}{\mathrm{\ω}}_1)drdz-\underset{i=0}{\overset{n+1}{\Σ}}\underset{r,z\∈{\mathrm{\Γ}}_i}{\∫\∫}{\mathrm{r\ω}}_2(q_{ci}+q_{ri})drdz=0---\left(18\right)$

Wherein ω ₁, ω ₂, for carrying out the weight function of equivalent integral weak form introducing to formula (15); For formula (18), according to component cylindrical set profile feature, adopt annulus unit by discrete for spatial domain Ω be limited cell cube, and the annulus unit cross section orthogonal with rz plane is 3 node triangular mesh, the node of unit is circle-shaped hinge, the junction temperature φ of the temperature φ identical element in constituent parts unit _iinterpolation obtains, shown in (19),

$\mathrm{\φ}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{3}{\Σ}}{N}_i(r,z){\mathrm{\φ}}_i={\mathrm{N\φ}}_e---\left(19\right)$

Wherein, N=[N ₁, N ₂, N ₃], φ _e=[φ ₁, φ ₂, φ ₃] ^t, for interpolating function N _i(r, z) is C ₀successive type interpolating function, it meets following condition,

$N_i\left(r_j,z_j\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& j\≠i\\ 1& j=i\end{array}\right.,and\underset{i=1}{\overset{3}{\Σ}}{N}_i=1---\left(20\right)$

And for the weight function in formula (18), utilize Galerkin method on Ω territory and on Boundary Region Γ, select the weight function with following relation,

ω ₂＝-ω ₁＝-N _j,(j＝1,2,......,m)(21)

Wherein m is Ω territory all discrete node sums obtained; Arrive this, the mathematical modulo pattern (18) describing component surface thermal convection and thermal radiation Evolution Mechanism can be rewritten into the discrete formula (22) that can be used for as follows calculating in real time and represent,

$\begin{array}{c}\underset{e}{\Σ}\underset{r,z\∈{\mathrm{\Ω}}^e}{\∫\∫}r\left(\frac{\∂N_j}{\∂r}\frac{\∂N}{\∂r}+\frac{\∂N_j}{\∂z}\frac{\∂N}{\∂z}\right){\mathrm{\φ}}_{e}drdz-\underset{e}{\Σ}\underset{r,z\∈{\mathrm{\Ω}}^e}{\∫\∫}\mathrm{\ρ}cr\frac{\∂{\mathrm{\φ}}_e}{\∂t}{\mathrm{NN}}_{j}drdz\\ -\underset{i=0}{\overset{n+1}{\Σ}}\underset{e}{\Σ}\underset{r,z\∈{{\mathrm{\Γ}}_i}^e}{\∫\∫}{\mathrm{rN}}_j\left(q_{ci}+q_{ri}\right)drdz=0\left(j=1,2,......,m\right)\end{array}---\left(22\right)$

Wherein e represents and solves territory Ω discrete grid block unit sum.

8. upright quenching furnace heat treatment stages division methods according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step 4) in calculate the correction of component surface every 10 DEG C after the quantity of heat convection and Radiant exothermicity, and to draw respectively with component surface temperature be independent variable(s) revised the quantity of heat convection change curve and Radiant exothermicity change curve.