CN104500082B - 矿山法隧道内盾构接收施工方法 - Google Patents
矿山法隧道内盾构接收施工方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104500082B CN104500082B CN201410832974.6A CN201410832974A CN104500082B CN 104500082 B CN104500082 B CN 104500082B CN 201410832974 A CN201410832974 A CN 201410832974A CN 104500082 B CN104500082 B CN 104500082B
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
Abstract
本发明涉及一种矿山法隧道内盾构接收的施工方法，具体施工步骤是：1.矿山法隧道内素混凝土填充加固；2.隧道交界位置在二衬上预埋一圈圆弧钢板；3.矿山法隧道内加工制作盾构接收架；4.盾构接收前的止水注浆施工；5.盾构接收过程中的参数控制；6.接收环管片与圆弧钢板焊接密封钢板；7.盾构隧道接收段注浆施工；8.矿山法隧道内井接头制作。本发明能解决在复杂地层工况下，盾构进入到已建矿山法隧道时，盾构隧道与矿山法隧道的衔接、临时接收架制作、盾构接收前的止水、盾构进矿山法隧道的施工参数设置、井接头制作等一系列施工问题，形成成熟的盾构在矿山法隧道内接收的施工工艺、施工技术，保障地下盾构隧道工程开发的可持续发展和应用的广泛性。
Description
技术领域
[0001]本发明涉及一种矿山法隧道内盾构施工方法，尤其是一种矿山法隧道内盾构接收施工方法。
背景技术
[0002]盾构法隧道作为城市轨道交通建设的重要施工方法，在上海、北京等国内城市的轨道交通建设的应用已有20余年的历史，经过20余年的发展，施工技术日趋成熟，但此前由于城市地下空间的利用率不高，地下空间开发的条件相对较好，此前的盾构法隧道的盾构接收施工绝大部分位于车站的工作井内。而对于大纵坡条件下盾构在矿山法隧道内的接收施工及盾构法及矿山法隧道的衔接，此项施工技术，对于国内的盾构法隧道施工企业，均还在探索阶段。
[0003]针对盾构在27%。坡度的矿山法隧道内接收、有限的矿山法隧道空间内的特点，以及盾构接收施工对大纵坡隧道、不同类似隧道内接收的适应性的施工技术进行研究，目标是形成一套针对类似条件的施工技术，提高企业的技术储备，为以后类似工程的施工提供经验。
发明内容
[0004]本发明是要提供一种矿山法隧道内盾构接收的施工方法，为地下空间开发向深层发展打下基础，解决盾构工程在地下设施较多区域的局限性，保障地下盾构隧道工程开发的可持续发展和应用的广泛性。
[0005]为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是:1.一种矿山法隧道内盾构接收的施工方法，其特征在于，具体施工步骤如下:
[0006] (I)矿山法隧道内素混凝土填充加固；(2)隧道交界位置在二衬上预埋一圈圆弧钢板；(3)矿山法隧道内加工制作盾构接收架；(4)盾构接收前的止水注浆施工；(5)盾构接收过程中的参数控制；(6)接收环管片与圆弧钢板焊接密封钢板；(7)盾构隧道接收段注浆施工；(8)矿山法隧道内井接头制作。
[0007]所述矿山法隧道内素混凝土填充加固的具体步骤是:
[0008] (I)确定加固范围及浇筑方式
[0009]根据工况条件确定在已建矿山法隧道内初衬净空中饶筑一段长约15m的素混泥土加固体，长度大于盾构机本体，矿山法隧道初衬净空为7.Tm,饶筑方式选择分层多次饶筑，每层厚2m，长度约4〜6m，浇筑前提前做好模板支撑，浇筑完成后素混凝土加固强度达到时及时拆除模板及支撑；
[0010] (2)爆破掌子面渗水制作引流管路
[0011]每层浇筑前用砖块在浇筑基面上砌筑排水沟，并用塑料薄膜固定在掌支面上将地下水引至排水沟中，同时在排水沟安放引流管路；
[0012] (3)浇筑过程中的排气、注浆孔预留
[0013]隧道在27%。的纵坡下进行顶层浇筑时，在隧道顶部安置排气孔，浇筑完成后亦可用来注浆密实加固体。
[0014] 所述隧道交界位置二衬上预埋一圈圆弧钢板的具体施工方法:
[0015]预先在盾构法隧道与矿山法隧道交界位置，矿山法隧道二衬上预埋一圈圆弧钢板，以便与盾构接收环管片施焊密封钢板；
[0016]所述已建矿山法隧道内加工制作盾构接收架的具体施工方法:
[0017]在加固体及隧道二衬施工完成后，通过测量放样二衬预埋件标高，并通过在二衬预埋件上垫焊钢板后放置接收轨道后完成接收架的制作，并满足受力要求，接收架计算标高略低于盾构机；
[0018]所述盾构接收前的止水注浆施工的具体施工方法:
[0019]在盾构机盾尾进入加固体后，盾构停止掘进，开始实施盾尾后两环管片注浆工作，以起到盾构后方止水效果，并采用单液浆进行注浆施工，注浆前将盾构土仓里填充满仓膨润土浆液，防止水泥浆沿着盾构壳体窜入盾构前方固结刀盘；
[0020]所述盾构接收过程中的参数控制的具体方法:
[0021]在盾构接收的过程中以控制总推力F:将各部分推力相加得到总推力F^FdFdF3+
F4+F5
[0022]其中:
[0023]①盾构外壁周边与加固土体之间的摩阻力或粘结阻力^
[0024]对于砂性土:Fi=y(JiDLpm+W)
[0025] μ-----盾壳与周边土体之间的摩擦系数取值0.45
[0026] D-----盾构机外径(m)
[0027] L------盾构机本体长度(m)
[0028] pm-----土压力(kPa)
[0029] W------盾构机自重(KN)
[0030] ②切口环贯入阻力卩2
[0031] F2=LtKppm
[0032] L------开挖面周长(m)
[0033] t-------切口环贯入深度(m)
[0034] pm-----土压力(kPa)
[0035] Kp-----静止土压力系数
[0036] KP=OCR*(Ι-sin Θ)
[0037] ③工作面正面阻力F3
[0038] F3=(JiD2/4 )pm
[0039] D-----盾构机外径(m)
[0040 ] pm-----土压力(kPa)
[0041 ]④管片与盾尾之间的摩擦力F4
[0042] F4=yGn
[0043] μ-----钢与混凝土之间的摩擦系数为0.3
[0044] G------每环管片重量(KN)
[0045] η-------管片在盾尾内的环数
[0046]⑤后方台车的牵引阻力F5
[0047] Fs=IiG
[0048] μ-----钢车轮与钢轨之间的摩擦系数为0.15
[0049] G------每环管片重量(KN)
[0050]所述接收环管片与预埋圆弧钢板间焊接密封钢板的具体方法:
[0051]根据测量里程计算，让接收环管片落入长1200mm 二衬上预埋的整圈圆弧钢板上，并利用预先做好的多块8mm厚的圆弧钢板焊接在管片与预埋的钢板间，确保二衬与接收环管片间的密封性；
[0052]所述盾构隧道接收段注浆施工的具体方法:
[0053]焊接好圆弧钢板后，在一圈圆弧钢板的上、下、左、右依次开一个孔，安装注浆阀，并与注浆设备连接，开始实施对盾构接收段的管片背部与土体间充填注单液浆，注浆过程中加强地面沉降监测，直至注浆影响的地面区域监测数据趋于稳定后结束；
[0054]所述矿山法隧道内井接头制作的具体方法:
[0055]接收段管片背部注浆施工完成后，开始制作外径为6.9m，内径为5.5m的井接头，井接头在钢筋绑扎完成后，进行安装模板，之后进行商品混凝土浇筑，混凝土达到规范强度要求后，拆除模板。
[0056]本发明的有益效果是:本发明的施工方法能解决复杂地层工况下进行盾构由素混泥土加固体中进入到已建矿山法隧道以及盾构隧道与矿山法隧道的衔接遇到的矿山法隧道内素混泥土填充加固、临时接收架制作、盾构接收前的注浆止水控制、盾构出素混泥土加固体前的总推力控制、两种类型隧道连接处井接头制作等一系列施工问题。形成成熟的盾构在矿山法隧道内接收的施工工艺、施工技术，为今后地下空间开发向深层发展打下基础，解决了盾构工程在地下设施较多区域的局限性，保障地下盾构隧道工程开发的可持续发展和应用的广泛性。
附图说明
[0057]图1是矿山法隧道内素混凝土填充加固及二衬预埋钢板剖视图；
[0058]图2是图1的右视图；
[0059]图3是盾构接收前的止水注浆施工图。
具体实施方式
[0060]本发明的在已建矿山法隧道内盾构接收施工方法，具体施工步骤如下:
[0061 ] (I)确定加固范围及浇筑方式(图1，2所示)
[0062]根据工况条件确定在已建矿山法隧道内初衬I净空中饶筑一段长约15m的素混泥土加固体2，长度需大于盾构机3本体，矿山法隧道初衬净空为7.7m，但此时尚余下部1.7m仰拱(硬岩4)尚未爆破，故饶筑方式选择分层多次饶筑，每层厚2m，长度约4〜6m，饶筑前提前做好模板支撑，浇筑完成后素混凝土加固强度达到时及时拆除模板及支撑；
[0063] (2)爆破掌子面渗水制作引流管路
[0064]每层浇筑前需用砖块在浇筑基面上砌筑排水沟，并用塑料薄膜固定在掌支面上将地下水引至排水沟中，同时在排水沟安放引流管路；
[0065] (3)浇筑过程中的排气、注浆孔预留
[0066]由于隧道此时是在27%。的纵坡下进行浇筑施工，故顶层浇筑时在隧道顶部安置排气孔，浇筑完成后亦可用来注浆密实加固体；
[0067] 2)隧道交界位置二衬上预埋一圈圆弧钢板
[0068]预先在盾构法隧道与矿山法隧道交界位置，矿山法隧道二衬5上预埋一圈圆弧钢板6(在二衬施工的同时预埋)，以便与盾构接收环管片7施焊密封钢板；
[0069] 3、已建矿山法隧道内加工制作盾构接收架(图3所示)
[0070] 在加固体及隧道二衬施工完成后，通过测量放样二衬预埋件(800mm*800mm正方形钢板，在隧道二衬下部成60°预埋两块，沿矿山法隧道单侧2m分布一块)标高，因矿山法隧道直径(6.9m)大于盾构隧道(Φ6450盾构，隧道直径为6.2m)，通过在二衬预埋件上垫焊钢板后放置接收轨道8后完成接收架的制作，并满足受力要求，接收架计算标高略低于盾构机3;
[0071] 4、盾构接收前的止水注浆施工(图3所示)
[0072]因在盾构进入加固体前，盾构实施过常压开仓检查，发现地下水十分丰富，故在盾构机3盾尾进入加固体2后，盾构机3停止掘进，此时盾构机刀盘距离出加固体尚余6m多，开始实施盾尾后两环管片7注浆工作，以起到盾构后方止水效果，因此时盾构隧道下部范围内仍存在Im多高的仰拱(硬岩4 )未爆破，考虑到单液浆具有流动、均匀性好的特点，故采用单液浆进行注浆施工，注浆前将盾构土仓里填充满仓膨润土浆液，防止水泥浆沿着盾构壳体窜入盾构前方固结刀盘；
[0073] 5、盾构接收过程中的参数控制
[0074]在盾构接收的过程中以总推力控制为主，如下:
[0075]①盾构外壁周边与加固土体之间的摩阻力或粘结阻力^
[0076]对于砂性土:Fi=y(JiDLpm+W)
[0077] μ-----盾壳与周边土体之间的摩擦系数取值0.45
[0078] D-----盾构机外径(m)
[0079] L------盾构机本体长度(m)
[0080] pm-----土压力(kPa)
[0081] W------盾构机自重(KN)
[0082] ②切口环贯入阻力卩2
[0083] F2=LtKppm
[0084] L------开挖面周长(m)
[0085] t-------切口环贯入深度(m)
[0086] pm-----土压力(kPa)
[0087] Kp-----静止土压力系数
[0088] KP=OCR*(Ι-sin Θ)
[0089] ③工作面正面阻力F3
[0090] F3=(JiD2/4 )pm
[0091] D-----盾构机外径(m)
[0092 ] pm-----土压力(kPa)
[0093]④管片与盾尾之间的摩擦力F4
[0094] F4=yGn
[0095] μ-----钢与混凝土之间的摩擦系数为0.3
[0096] G------每环管片重量(KN)
[0097] η-------管片在盾尾内的环数
[0098]⑤后方台车的牵引阻力F5
[0099] F5=UG
[0100] μ-----钢车轮与钢轨之间的摩擦系数为0.15
[0101] G------每环管片重量(KN)
[0102] 将各部分推力相加得到总推力F^Fi+FdFs+Fi+Fs
[0103] 6、接收环管片与预埋圆弧钢板间焊接密封钢板(焊接“月亮板”)
[0104]根据测量里程计算，让接收环管片落入长1200mm 二衬上预埋的整圈圆弧钢板上，并利用预先做好的多块圆弧钢板(厚8mm)焊接在管片与预埋的钢板间，确保二衬与接收环管片间的密封性；
[0105] 7、盾构隧道接收段注浆施工
[0106]焊接好“月亮板”后，并用“割刀”在其上开孔(一圈圆弧钢板在上、下、左、右依次开一个孔，共4个)，安装注浆阀，并与注浆设备连接，开始实施对盾构接收段的管片背部与土体间充填注浆(单液浆)，注浆遵循“少量多次”原则，施工过程中应降低注浆对上部土体的影响，并加强地面沉降监测，直至注浆影响的地面区域监测数据趋于稳定后结束；
[0107] 8、矿山法隧道内井接头制作
[0108]接收段管片背部注浆施工完成后，开始制作井接头，此井接头较常规尺寸有所增大，配筋形式与常规一致，但因外径变大导致体积增加，井接头的外径为6.9m，内径为5.5m，在钢筋绑扎完成后，进行安装模板，之后进行商品混凝土浇筑，混凝土达到规范强度要求后，对模板进行拆除。
Claims (9)
1.一种矿山法隧道内盾构接收的施工方法，其特征在于，具体施工步骤如下: (I)矿山法隧道内素混凝土填充加固；(2)隧道交界位置在二衬上预埋一圈圆弧钢板；(3)矿山法隧道内加工制作盾构接收架；(4)盾构接收前的止水注浆施工；(5)盾构接收过程中的参数控制；(6)接收环管片与圆弧钢板焊接密封钢板；(7)盾构隧道接收段注浆施工；(8)矿山法隧道内井接头制作。
2.根据权利要求1所述的矿山法隧道内盾构接收的施工方法，其特征在于:所述矿山法隧道内素混凝土填充加固的具体步骤是: (1)确定加固范围及饶筑方式 根据工况条件确定在已建矿山法隧道内初衬净空中饶筑一段长15m的素混泥土加固体，长度大于盾构机本体，矿山法隧道初衬净空为7.7m,饶筑方式选择分层多次饶筑，每层厚2m，长度4〜6m，浇筑前提前做好模板支撑，浇筑完成后素混凝土加固强度达到时及时拆除模板及支撑； (2)爆破掌子面渗水制作引流管路 每层浇筑前用砖块在浇筑基面上砌筑排水沟，并用塑料薄膜固定在掌支面上将地下水引至排水沟中，同时在排水沟安放引流管路； (3 )浇筑过程中的排气、注浆孔预留 隧道在27%。的纵坡下进行顶层浇筑时，在隧道顶部安置排气孔，浇筑完成后亦可用来注浆密实加固体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的矿山法隧道内盾构接收的施工方法，其特征在于:所述隧道交界位置二衬上预埋一圈圆弧钢板的具体施工方法: 预先在盾构法隧道与矿山法隧道交界位置，矿山法隧道二衬上预埋一圈圆弧钢板，以便与盾构接收环管片施焊密封钢板。
4.根据权利要求1所述的矿山法隧道内盾构接收的施工方法，其特征在于:所述矿山法隧道内加工制作盾构接收架的具体施工方法: 在加固体及隧道二衬施工完成后，通过测量放样二衬预埋件标高，并通过在二衬预埋件上垫焊钢板后放置接收轨道后完成接收架的制作，并满足受力要求，接收架计算标高略低于盾构机。
5.根据权利要求1所述的矿山法隧道内盾构接收的施工方法，其特征在于:所述盾构接收前的止水注浆施工的具体施工方法: 在盾构机盾尾进入加固体后，盾构停止掘进，开始实施盾尾后两环管片注浆工作，以起到盾构后方止水效果，并采用单液浆进行注浆施工，注浆前将盾构土仓里填充满仓膨润土浆液，防止水泥浆沿着盾构壳体窜入盾构前方固结刀盘。
6.根据权利要求1所述的矿山法隧道内盾构接收的施工方法，其特征在于:所述盾构接收过程中的参数控制的具体方法: 在盾构接收的过程中以控制总推力F:将各部分推力相加得到总推力F=FdFAFAF4+^ 其中: ①盾构外壁周边与加固土体之间的摩阻力或粘结阻力^ 对于砂性土: Fi=y( JiDLpm+W) μ-----盾壳与周边土体之间的摩擦系数取值0.45 D-----盾构机外径(m) L------盾构机本体长度(m) Pm-----土压力(kPa) W------盾构机自重(KN) ②切口环贯入阻力F2 F2=LtKppm L------开挖面周长(m) t-------切口环贯入深度(m) Pm-----土压力(kPa) Kp——静止土压力系数 ③工作面正面阻力F3 F3=(>D2/4 )pm D-----盾构机外径(m) Pm-----土压力(kPa) ④管片与盾尾之间的摩擦力F4 F4=uGn μ-----钢与混凝土之间的摩擦系数为0.3 G------每环管片重量(KN) η-------管片在盾尾内的环数 ⑤后方台车的牵引阻力F5 F5=UG μ-----钢车轮与钢轨之间的摩擦系数为0.15 G------每环管片重量(KN)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的矿山法隧道内盾构接收的施工方法，其特征在于:所述接收环管片与预埋圆弧钢板间焊接密封钢板的具体方法: 根据测量里程计算，让接收环管片落入长1200mm 二衬上预埋的整圈圆弧钢板上，并利用预先做好的多块8mm厚的圆弧钢板焊接在管片与预埋的钢板间，确保二衬与接收环管片间的密封性。
8.根据权利要求1所述的矿山法隧道内盾构接收的施工方法，其特征在于:所述盾构隧道接收段注浆施工的具体方法: 焊接好圆弧钢板后，在一圈圆弧钢板的上、下、左、右依次开一个孔，安装注浆阀，并与注浆设备连接，开始实施对盾构接收段的管片背部与土体间充填注单液浆，注浆过程中加强地面沉降监测，直至注浆影响的地面区域监测数据趋于稳定后结束。
9.根据权利要求1所述的矿山法隧道内盾构接收的施工方法，其特征在于:所述矿山法隧道内井接头制作的具体方法: 接收段管片背部注浆施工完成后，开始制作外径为6.9m，内径为5.5m的井接头，井接头在钢筋绑扎完成后，进行安装模板，之后进行商品混凝土浇筑，混凝土达到规范强度要求后，拆除模板。
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