CN104498765A - Method for preparing rare-earth contact material - Google Patents
Method for preparing rare-earth contact material Download PDFInfo
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- CN104498765A CN104498765A CN201410747041.7A CN201410747041A CN104498765A CN 104498765 A CN104498765 A CN 104498765A CN 201410747041 A CN201410747041 A CN 201410747041A CN 104498765 A CN104498765 A CN 104498765A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a rare-earth contact material. The method comprises the following steps: (1) smelting, namely smelting silver, cadmium, and rare earth materials at 1200-1250 DEG C; (2) casting an ingot, namely a casting molten liquid into the ingot in the presence of an inert gas; (3) machining; (4) carrying out hot extrusion at a hot extrusion temperature of 780-820 DEG C; (5) carrying out pre-oxidation treatment at 680-750 DEG C for 24-48 hours, wherein the oxygen pressure is 0.4-0.6MPa; (6) crushing and molding; (7) carrying out secondary hot extrusion at 860-890 DEG C, wherein the retention time is greater than or equal to 3 hours, and the extrusion ratio is greater than 240 to 1; and (8) processing a wire rod, namely carrying out annealing treatment on the wire rod at no less than 650 DEG C for more than an hour, and carrying out homogenization treatment on the wire rod at 250-380 DEG C for more than an hour. The AgCdO contact material prepared by the method is relatively excellent in melting-welding resistance, relatively low and stable in contact resistance, relatively low in temperature rise, and relatively excellent in melting-welding resistance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to alloy manufacturing technology field, be specifically related to a kind of manufacture method of rare earth contact material.
Background technology
Along with the development of science and technology, the demand of industry manufacture field to electromechanical compo is increasing, also requires more and more higher to its performance index simultaneously.AgCdO contact material has excellent resistance fusion welding and resistance to arc erosion, more stable contact resistance, good conduction, thermal conductivity, therefore, become to take electrical contact material as the leading factor since nineteen fifty practical application, add updating of the production and processing method of material, at one of numerous contact material AgCdO contact material contact material being still excellent property.
At present, from small area analysis (1 ampere) to big current (kiloampere) field, AgCdO contact material is also most widely used.But the selection of the composition of AgCdO and manufacture method, must adapt with working conditions, otherwise just can not give full play to the advantage on its feature and material property.
In order to make AgCdO contact material obtain excellent contact characteristic, then according to the contact conditions of contact or increasing or the content subtracting Cd, or second, third kind of element can be added.Switchette as the special requirement for small area analysis field uses the alloy that Cd content is lower, and pre-oxidation treatment at than usually much lower temperature, can obtain the contact material that CdO granularity is comparatively meticulous; Contact material in the line switch that breaking current is large opening and closing number of times is few and isolating switch, can increase the content of CdO, and with comparatively high temps pre-oxidation treatment, can obtain thicker CdO particle material, can further improve breaking characteristics.
In recent years, along with the develop rapidly of science and technology, the miniaturization of all types of electrical equipment is microminiaturized, and this performance requriements proposed contact material is also more and more high, and original technique manufacturing method, can not tackle the more and more high performance requriements of material.Therefore how to improve material property, improving material property has been the urgent problem of contact material industry.
Rare earth material causes the technological revolution of material subject already, but the application in electrical contact material, also rare.Though there is the report of this respect, current still unsubstantial a large amount of employing and industrial applications.
In electrical contact, CdO produces many-sided effect, existence in the molten bath of electrode cathode, the viscosity of melts can be increased, to reduce the splashing of material, the decomposition of CdO can cause the reduction of the thermal load of contact body material, thus causes stable arc and its substrate temperature is reduced rapidly, and CdO be decomposed to form a large amount of Cd steams, produce arc blow-out effect and reach the effect of arc extinction again.
The too low excessive loss causing CdO of the decomposition temperature of CdO, reduces its work-ing life, for solving its electric life problem of AgCdO.
Summary of the invention
For deficiency of the prior art, the present invention uses different processing methodes to find a kind of complete processing manufacture method making the AgCdO of traditional method manufacture have more premium properties.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
A manufacture method for rare earth contact material, comprises the following steps: (1) melting: silver, cadmium, rare earth material are carried out melting, and smelting temperature is 1200 DEG C ~ 1250 DEG C; (2) ingot casting: the liquid after melting is cast into ingot under protection of inert gas; (3) machining; (4) hot extrusion: described extrusion temperature is 780 DEG C ~ 820 DEG C; (5) pre-oxidation treatment: Pre oxidation is 680 DEG C ~ 750 DEG C, preoxidation time is 24 hours ~ 28 hours, and oxygen pressure is 0.4MPa ~ 0.6MPa; (6) broken shaping; (7) second heat extruding: second heat extrusion temperature is 860 DEG C ~ 890 DEG C, retention time >=3 hour, extrusion ratio >=240:1; (8) wire rod processing: carry out anneal to wire rod, annealing temperature >=650 DEG C, retention time > 1 hour, then to homogenize process to wire rod, temperature is 250 DEG C ~ 380 DEG C, retention time > 1 hour.
In the present invention, by adding in raw material by rare earth material, after pre-oxidation treatment, this rare earth material changes rare earth oxide into.Because rare earth oxide dispersivity is strong, and have higher fusing point and stronger stability, thus different from ageing strengthening mechanism, under the effect of the heterogeneous granular in dispersion-strengthened, alloy can keep higher temperature, and this is conducive to putting forward heavy alloyed stability.
In addition, the present invention by twice hot extrusion, make shaping after alloy block density high and evenly.Carry out pre-oxidation treatment after first time hot extrusion, because in alloy, material is evenly distributed, make oxidation effectiveness good; Composition is uniformly dispersed simultaneously, the inner homogeneity of alloy is good, second heat after preoxidation is extruded can (860 DEG C ~ 890 DEG C) carry out at relatively high temperatures, the situations such as the wire rod extruded can not rupture continuously, cracked, and extruded velocity is fast, reach 1 meter per second ~ 1.5 meter per second, higher than the extruded velocity of current common process.
In current technology, once extrusion temperature too high (higher than 850 DEG C), the very easy appearance of the wire rod extruded is cracked can not cause line style, therefore normally line style is extruded to ensure, need the extrusion temperature that selection one is relatively low, but this must cause extruded velocity reduction greatly, add the aborning time cost of enterprise.
The present invention is last also to homogenize process to product, makes product property more stable.
As preferably, the rare earth material in described step (1) is α β mixed rare-earth materials, its rare earth weight content > 98%.Select the α β mixed rare-earth materials that purity is high, avoid the impact of impurity alloy quality.
As preferably, the weight of material per-cent in described step (1) is as follows: cadmium 5% ~ 7%, rare earth material 0.1% ~ 0.2%, and all the other are silver.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect: the AgCdO contact material of manufacture, be applied in high ferro electric system, its resistance fusion welding can more excellent, contact resistance is lower and stable, temperature rise is lower, its resistance fusion welding can be more excellent, and contact resistance is lower and stable, and temperature rise lower (being not more than 30K) its electric life can reach more than 1,000,000 times.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment one: by silver, cadmium, rare earth material (Purity of Rare Earth 98%) by weight: the ratio of 94.8:5:0.2; get silver-colored 49.2 kg, cadmium 2.5 kg, rare earth material 0.1 kg; put into smelting furnace and be smelted into liquid state; smelting temperature is 1200 DEG C; be smelt after liquid until Metal Melting; under argon shield, the liquid cast after melting is become ingot, slightly after cooling, machining is carried out to ingot casting, make its requirement meeting equipment be convenient to next step hot extrusion.Add and the ingot casting after machining is put into equipment carry out hot extrusion, temperature is 890 DEG C.Wire rod after hot extrusion is carried out pre-oxidation treatment, and Pre oxidation is 750 DEG C, and preoxidation time is 24 hours, and oxygen pressure is 0.4MPa.After preoxidation terminates, carry out second heat extruding to material, second heat extrusion temperature is 860 DEG C, retention time 3 hours, and extrusion ratio is 240:1, can extrude continuous print wire rod fast under this temperature condition.Process the wire rod extruded, comprising anneal with homogenizing processes, and wherein annealing temperature is 650 DEG C, retention time 1 hour, and the treatment temp that homogenizes is 380 DEG C, retention time 1 hour.
By twice hot extrusion in the present embodiment, make shaping after alloy block density high and evenly.Carry out pre-oxidation treatment after first time hot extrusion, because in alloy, material is evenly distributed, make oxidation effectiveness good; Composition is uniformly dispersed simultaneously, the inner homogeneity of alloy is good, second heat after preoxidation is extruded can carry out at relatively high temperatures, the situations such as the wire rod extruded can not rupture continuously, cracked, and extruded velocity is fast, reach 1 meter per second ~ 1.5 meter per second, higher than the extruded velocity of current common process, decrease the production cost of enterprise.
AgCdO contact material after shaping, is applied in high ferro electric system, its resistance fusion welding can more excellent, contact resistance is lower and stable, temperature rise is lower, its resistance fusion welding can be more excellent, and contact resistance is lower and stable, and temperature rise lower (being not more than 30K) its electric life can reach more than 1,000,000 times.
Embodiment two: by silver, cadmium, α β mixed rare-earth materials (Purity of Rare Earth 98%) by weight: the ratio of 92.9:7:0.1; get silver-colored 46.5 kg, cadmium 3.5 kg, α β mixed rare-earth materials 0.05 kg; put into smelting furnace and be smelted into liquid state; smelting temperature is 1250 DEG C; be smelt after liquid until Metal Melting; under argon shield, the liquid cast after melting is become ingot, slightly after cooling, machining is carried out to ingot casting, make its requirement meeting equipment be convenient to next step hot extrusion.Add and the ingot casting after machining is put into equipment carry out hot extrusion, temperature is 860 DEG C.Wire rod after hot extrusion is carried out pre-oxidation treatment, Pre oxidation 680 DEG C, preoxidation time is 28 hours, and oxygen pressure is 0.6MPa.After preoxidation terminates, carry out second heat extruding to material, second heat extrusion temperature is 890 DEG C, retention time 3.5 hours, and extrusion ratio is 240:1, can extrude continuous print wire rod fast under this temperature condition.Process the wire rod extruded, comprising anneal with homogenizing processes, and wherein annealing temperature is 670 DEG C, retention time 1 hour, and the treatment temp that homogenizes is 250 DEG C, retention time 1 hour.
By twice hot extrusion in the present embodiment, make shaping after alloy block density high and evenly.Carry out pre-oxidation treatment after first time hot extrusion, because in alloy, material is evenly distributed, make oxidation effectiveness good; Composition is uniformly dispersed simultaneously, the inner homogeneity of alloy is good, second heat after preoxidation is extruded can carry out at relatively high temperatures, the situations such as the wire rod extruded can not rupture continuously, cracked, and extruded velocity is fast, reach 1 meter per second ~ 1.5 meter per second, higher than the extruded velocity of current common process, decrease the production cost of enterprise.
AgCdO contact material after shaping, is applied in high ferro electric system, its resistance fusion welding can more excellent, contact resistance is lower and stable, temperature rise is lower, its resistance fusion welding can be more excellent, and contact resistance is lower and stable, and temperature rise lower (being not more than 30K) its electric life can reach more than 1,000,000 times.
Embodiment three: by silver, cadmium, mixed rare-earth materials (Purity of Rare Earth 98%) by weight: the ratio of 93.8:6:0.2; get silver-colored 46.9 kg, cadmium 3kg, mixed rare-earth materials 0.1 kg; put into smelting furnace and be smelted into liquid state; smelting temperature is 1230 DEG C; be smelt after liquid until Metal Melting; under argon shield, the liquid cast after melting is become ingot, slightly after cooling, machining is carried out to ingot casting, make its requirement meeting equipment be convenient to next step hot extrusion.Add and the ingot casting after machining is put into equipment carry out hot extrusion, temperature is 880 DEG C.Wire rod after hot extrusion is carried out pre-oxidation treatment, Pre oxidation 720 DEG C, preoxidation time is 26 hours, and oxygen pressure is 0.5MPa.After preoxidation terminates, carry out second heat extruding to material, second heat extrusion temperature is 880 DEG C, retention time 3.5 hours, and extrusion ratio is 240:1, can extrude continuous print wire rod fast under this temperature condition.Process the wire rod extruded, comprising anneal with homogenizing processes, and wherein annealing temperature is 670 DEG C, retention time 1 hour, and the treatment temp that homogenizes is 300 DEG C, retention time 1 hour.
By twice hot extrusion in the present embodiment, make shaping after alloy block density high and evenly.Carry out pre-oxidation treatment after first time hot extrusion, because in alloy, material is evenly distributed, make oxidation effectiveness good; Composition is uniformly dispersed simultaneously, the inner homogeneity of alloy is good, second heat after preoxidation is extruded can carry out at relatively high temperatures, the situations such as the wire rod extruded can not rupture continuously, cracked, and extruded velocity is fast, reach 1 meter per second ~ 1.5 meter per second, higher than the extruded velocity of current common process, decrease the production cost of enterprise.
AgCdO contact material after shaping, is applied in high ferro electric system, its resistance fusion welding can more excellent, contact resistance is lower and stable, temperature rise is lower, its resistance fusion welding can be more excellent, and contact resistance is lower and stable, and temperature rise lower (being not more than 30K) its electric life can reach more than 1,000,000 times.
Embodiment four: by silver, cadmium, mixed rare-earth materials (Purity of Rare Earth 98%) by weight: the ratio of 93.8:6:0.2; get silver-colored 46.9 kg, cadmium 3kg, mixed rare-earth materials 0.1 kg; put into smelting furnace and be smelted into liquid state; smelting temperature is 1220 DEG C; be smelt after liquid until Metal Melting; under argon shield, the liquid cast after melting is become ingot, slightly after cooling, machining is carried out to ingot casting, make its requirement meeting equipment be convenient to next step hot extrusion.Add and the ingot casting after machining is put into equipment carry out hot extrusion, temperature is 870 DEG C.Wire rod after hot extrusion is carried out pre-oxidation treatment, Pre oxidation 730 DEG C, preoxidation time is 25 hours, and oxygen pressure is 0.5MPa.After preoxidation terminates, carry out second heat extruding to material, second heat extrusion temperature is 870 DEG C, retention time 3.5 hours, and extrusion ratio is 240:1, can extrude continuous print wire rod fast under this temperature condition.Process the wire rod extruded, comprising anneal with homogenizing processes, and wherein annealing temperature is 670 DEG C, retention time 1 hour, and the treatment temp that homogenizes is 340 DEG C, retention time 1 hour.
By twice hot extrusion in the present embodiment, make shaping after alloy block density high and evenly.Carry out pre-oxidation treatment after first time hot extrusion, because in alloy, material is evenly distributed, make oxidation effectiveness good; Composition is uniformly dispersed simultaneously, the inner homogeneity of alloy is good, second heat after preoxidation is extruded can carry out at relatively high temperatures, the situations such as the wire rod extruded can not rupture continuously, cracked, and extruded velocity is fast, reach 1 meter per second ~ 1.5 meter per second, higher than the extruded velocity of current common process, decrease the production cost of enterprise.
AgCdO contact material after shaping, is applied in high ferro electric system, its resistance fusion welding can more excellent, contact resistance is lower and stable, temperature rise is lower, its resistance fusion welding can be more excellent, and contact resistance is lower and stable, and temperature rise lower (being not more than 30K) its electric life can reach more than 1,000,000 times.
Claims (3)
1. a manufacture method for rare earth contact material, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1) melting: silver, cadmium, rare earth material are carried out melting, and smelting temperature is 1200 DEG C ~ 1250 DEG C; (2) ingot casting: the liquid after melting is cast into ingot under protection of inert gas; (3) machining; (4) hot extrusion: described extrusion temperature is 860 DEG C ~ 890 DEG C; (5) pre-oxidation treatment: Pre oxidation is 680 DEG C ~ 750 DEG C, preoxidation time is 24 hours ~ 28 hours, and oxygen pressure is 0.4MPa ~ 0.6MPa; (6) broken shaping; (7) second heat extruding: second heat extrusion temperature is 860 DEG C ~ 890 DEG C, retention time >=3 hour, extrusion ratio >=240:1; (8) wire rod processing: carry out anneal to wire rod, annealing temperature >=650 DEG C, retention time >=1 hour, then to homogenize process to wire rod, temperature is 250 DEG C ~ 380 DEG C, retention time >=1 hour.
2. the manufacture method of a kind of rare earth contact material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the rare earth material in described step (1) is α β mixed rare-earth materials, its rare earth weight content >=98%.
3. the manufacture method of a kind of rare earth contact material according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the weight of material per-cent in described step (1) is as follows: cadmium 5% ~ 7%, rare earth material 0.1% ~ 0.2%, and all the other are silver.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS616233A (en) * | 1984-06-21 | 1986-01-11 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | Sliding contact material |
| CN101777438A (en) * | 2010-01-26 | 2010-07-14 | 上海中希合金有限公司 | High-performance silver cadmium oxide material and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102994787A (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2013-03-27 | 西安诺博尔稀贵金属材料有限公司 | Method for vacuum melting of silver cadmium alloy ingot |
| CN104131189A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-11-05 | 江苏美特林科特殊合金有限公司 | Silver intermediate alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS616233A (en) * | 1984-06-21 | 1986-01-11 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | Sliding contact material |
| CN101777438A (en) * | 2010-01-26 | 2010-07-14 | 上海中希合金有限公司 | High-performance silver cadmium oxide material and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102994787A (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2013-03-27 | 西安诺博尔稀贵金属材料有限公司 | Method for vacuum melting of silver cadmium alloy ingot |
| CN104131189A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-11-05 | 江苏美特林科特殊合金有限公司 | Silver intermediate alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
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