CN104498696A - Heat treatment method of gear parts - Google Patents
Heat treatment method of gear parts Download PDFInfo
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- CN104498696A CN104498696A CN201410779742.9A CN201410779742A CN104498696A CN 104498696 A CN104498696 A CN 104498696A CN 201410779742 A CN201410779742 A CN 201410779742A CN 104498696 A CN104498696 A CN 104498696A
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- Prior art keywords
- class part
- tooth class
- quenching
- tooth
- gear
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
- C23C8/42—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being applied
- C23C8/44—Carburising
- C23C8/46—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/60—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
- C23C8/62—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes only one element being applied
- C23C8/64—Carburising
- C23C8/66—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a heat treatment method of gear parts. The heat treatment method comprises the following steps: a step S10: determining whether the gear parts need to sleeve a mold for carburizing and quenching or not; and a step S20 comprising a step S21 and a step S22, if the gear parts need to sleeve the mold for carrying out carburizing and quenching, performing the step S21; if the gear parts do not need to sleeve the mold for carrying out carburizing and quenching, performing the step S22, wherein the step S21 comprises the steps of enabling the size of the gear span and the length of a common normal line of the gear of the gear parts to be greater than the corresponding standard values and carburizing and quenching the gear parts; and the step S22 comprises the steps of enabling the size of the gear span and the length of a common normal line of the gear of the gear parts to be less than the corresponding standard values and carburizing and quenching the gear parts. By the heat treatment method of the gear parts provided by the invention, the difficulty of subsequent treatment is decreased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to part processing technique field, in particular to a kind of heat treating method of tooth class part.
Background technology
Tooth class part generally manufactures with converted steel, require gear (spline) surperficial cyaniding or carburizing, then integral quenching, make gear (spline) surface obtain high rigidity, owing to not having carburizing or carbonitriding, hardness is relatively low after quenching in heart portion, has certain retrospective.Namely the object that table hard-core is tough is reached.
Part is because temperature and tissue change must make part produce distortion in carburizing (carbonitriding) quenching process, and profile of tooth and circularity all there occurs change.And teeth portion hardness is very high after quenching, reach more than HRC60, method is routinely reserved amount of finish before heat treatment, removes heat treatment deformation after thermal treatment by the method for grinding.
But concavo-convex the determining of tooth-shape structure cannot carry out conventional ground finish.If the dimensional requirement of tooth is high, thermal treatment after strain is due to cannot grinding and scrapping.
The current producer grasping advanced manufacturing technology generally adopts expensive spline to grind the grinding of heat-treating rear teeth portion.But when internal spline size little (output shaft as following) or spline have step (as clutch outer) up and down even if spline grinding machine also helpless.As shown in the above, existing heat treating method, adds the difficulty of subsequent disposal.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind of heat treating method reducing the tooth class part of subsequent disposal difficulty.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of heat treating method of tooth class part, comprising: step S10: determine whether tooth class part will be set on mould and carry out carburizing and quenching; Step S20: comprise step S21 and step S22, if tooth class part needs to be set on mould carry out carburizing and quenching, then carries out step S21; If tooth class part does not need to be set on mould carry out carburizing and quenching, then carry out step S22; Step S21: the gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are all greater than corresponding standard value, then carry out carburizing and quenching to this tooth class part; Step S22: the gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are all less than corresponding standard value, then carry out carburizing and quenching to this tooth class part.
Further, step S21 comprises further: before carrying out carburizing and quenching, and the gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are corresponding upper difference.
Further, step S22 comprises further: before carrying out carburizing and quenching, and the gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are corresponding lower difference.
Further, step S22 comprises further: before carrying out carburizing and quenching, and the diameter of mould is greater than the internal diameter of tooth class part.
Further, step S22 comprises further: before carrying out carburizing and quenching, diameter 0.01 to the 0.02mm larger than the internal diameter of tooth class part of mould.
Further, step S22 comprises further: before carrying out carburizing and quenching, and two end faces of mould all have chamfering.
Further, step S22 comprises further: each chamfering is 30 °, and the relation between the projection size of each chamfering on the axis of mould and the tooth depth of tooth class part is as follows: X=H/10, wherein, X is the projection size of each chamfering on the axis of mould, and H is the tooth depth of tooth class part.
Further, step S22 comprises further: before carrying out carburizing and quenching, and the periphery of mould has multiple coolant flow grooves through in the axial direction, and multiple coolant flow groove interval in the circumference of mould is arranged.
Further, step S20 comprises further: when carrying out carburizing and quenching, and lower the temperature to tooth class part with deep fat, the temperature of deep fat is higher than natural temperature.
Further, also comprise after step S20: step S30: bright quenching is carried out to tooth class part; Step S40: carry out blast process to the tooth class part after bright quenching, the pressure of blast process is not more than 0.25Mpa, and use is not less than 200 object emergies.
Apply technical scheme of the present invention, contriver passes through great many of experiments, find the Deformation Law of tooth class part when carburizing and quenching, if tooth class part needs to be set on mould carry out carburizing and quenching, then the overall dimensions of tooth class part expands, if tooth class part does not need to be set on mould carry out carburizing and quenching, then the overall dimensions of tooth class part reduces.In the step s 21, the gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are all greater than corresponding standard value, and therefore, the gear span after carburizing and quenching and the size of gear common normal can closer to standard values.In step S22, the gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are all less than corresponding standard value, and therefore, the gear span after carburizing and quenching and the size of gear common normal can closer to standard values.Because the size of the gear span after carburizing and quenching and gear common normal closer to standard value, therefore, can reduce even without the need to carrying out subsequent disposal to the size of tooth class part.As the above analysis, the heat treating method of tooth class part of the present invention reduces the difficulty of subsequent disposal.
Embodiment
It should be noted that, when not conflicting, the embodiment in the application and the feature in embodiment can combine mutually.The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
The heat treating method of the tooth class part of the present embodiment comprises step S10 and step S20.Step S10: determine whether tooth class part will be set on mould and carry out carburizing and quenching.Step S20 comprises step S21 and step S22, if tooth class part needs to be set on mould carry out carburizing and quenching, then carries out step S21; If tooth class part does not need to be set on mould carry out carburizing and quenching, then carry out step S22.Step S21: the gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are all greater than corresponding standard value, then carry out carburizing and quenching to this tooth class part; Step S22: the gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are all less than corresponding standard value, then carry out carburizing and quenching to this tooth class part.In the present embodiment, determine whether tooth class part will be set in the method for mould carrying out carburizing and quenching and be, when the internal diameter of tooth class part is greater than 25mm, then tooth class part is set on mould and carries out carburizing and quenching; When the internal diameter of tooth class part is not more than 25mm, then tooth class part is not set on mould and carries out carburizing and quenching.Certainly, as other feasible embodiments, can mode by experiment, such as first carry out step S21 from a collection of will carrying out the tooth class part of carburizing and quenching, if defective time, then carry out step S22.
The heat treating method of the tooth class part of application the present embodiment, contriver passes through great many of experiments, find the Deformation Law of tooth class part when carburizing and quenching, if tooth class part needs to be set on mould carry out carburizing and quenching, then the overall dimensions of tooth class part expands, if tooth class part does not need to be set on mould carry out carburizing and quenching, then the overall dimensions of tooth class part reduces.In the step s 21, the gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are all greater than corresponding standard value, and therefore, the gear span after carburizing and quenching and the size of gear common normal can closer to standard values.In step S22, the gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are all less than corresponding standard value, and therefore, the gear span after carburizing and quenching and the size of gear common normal can closer to standard values.Because the size of the gear span after carburizing and quenching and gear common normal closer to standard value, therefore, can reduce even without the need to carrying out subsequent disposal to the size of tooth class part.As the above analysis, the heat treating method of the tooth class part of the present embodiment reduces the difficulty of subsequent disposal.
The gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal have permissible error, namely can fluctuating in standard value, the size of gear span and gear common normal has corresponding upper difference and lower difference, contriver is drawn by great many of experiments, if tooth class part needs to be set on mould carry out carburizing and quenching, when then the gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are corresponding upper difference, gear span after carburizing and quenching and the size of gear common normal all within the scope of the permissible error of correspondence, without the need to carrying out subsequent disposal to size.If tooth class part does not need to be set on mould carry out carburizing and quenching, when then the gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are corresponding lower difference, gear span after carburizing and quenching and the size of gear common normal all within the scope of the permissible error of correspondence, without the need to carrying out subsequent disposal to size.
In the present embodiment, step S21 comprises further: before carrying out carburizing and quenching, and the gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are corresponding upper difference.
In the present embodiment, step S22 comprises further: before carrying out carburizing and quenching, and the gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are corresponding lower difference.
In the present embodiment, step S22 comprises further: before carrying out carburizing and quenching, and the diameter of mould is greater than the internal diameter of tooth class part.Adopt said structure, the tooth class part after carburizing and quenching is fixed on mould tightly, avoids tooth class part ovalizing deflection, reduces the ovality of tooth class part.
In the present embodiment, step S22 comprises further: before carrying out carburizing and quenching, diameter 0.01 to the 0.02mm larger than the internal diameter of tooth class part of mould.Contriver is drawn by great many of experiments, adopts above-mentioned size more effectively can control ovality, and is convenient to mould be penetrated tooth class part.When tooth class part has interior gear teeth structure, the internal diameter of tooth class part is the tooth tip diameter of interior gear teeth structure.
In the present embodiment, step S22 comprises further: before carrying out carburizing and quenching, and two end faces of mould have chamfering.Adopt said structure, tooth class part can be avoided in the enlarged-diameter of opening part, avoid forming hydraucone at the two ends of tooth class part.
In the present embodiment, step S22 comprises further: each chamfering is 30 °, and the relation between the projection size of each chamfering on the axis of mould and the tooth depth of tooth class part is as follows: X=H/10, wherein, X is the projection size of each chamfering on the axis of mould, and H is the tooth depth of tooth class part.Adopt above-mentioned corresponding relation, can effectively avoid forming hydraucone at the two ends of tooth class part.
In the present embodiment, step S22 comprises further: before carrying out carburizing and quenching, and the periphery of mould has multiple coolant flow grooves through in the axial direction, and multiple coolant flow groove interval in the circumference of mould is arranged.Adopt said structure, the tooth class part being in high temperature can be cooled fast, improve the quality of carburizing and quenching.
In the present embodiment, step S20 comprises further: when carrying out carburizing and quenching, and lower the temperature to tooth class part with deep fat, the temperature of deep fat is higher than natural temperature.Natural temperature refers to the temperature of outside air, and the viscosity ratio of deep fat is lower, and thus mobility is relatively good, can accelerate the cooling of tooth class part, so make tooth class part and mould laminating degree good.
In the present embodiment, after step S20, step S30 and step S40 is also comprised.Step S30: bright quenching is carried out to tooth class part.Step S40: carry out blast process to the tooth class part after bright quenching, the pressure of blast process is not more than 0.25Mpa, and use is not less than 200 object emergies.Adopt said process, any surface finish of tooth class part can be made, and above-mentioned blast process makes the surface removal amount of tooth class part few.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a heat treating method for tooth class part, is characterized in that, comprising:
Step S10: determine whether tooth class part will be set on mould and carry out carburizing and quenching;
Step S20: comprise step S21 and step S22, if described tooth class part needs to be set on described mould carry out carburizing and quenching, then carries out step S21; If described tooth class part does not need to be set on described mould carry out carburizing and quenching, then carry out step S22;
Step S21: the described gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are all greater than corresponding standard value, then carry out carburizing and quenching to this tooth class part;
Step S22: the described gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are all less than corresponding standard value, then carry out carburizing and quenching to this tooth class part.
2. the heat treating method of tooth class part according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step S21 comprises further:
Before carrying out carburizing and quenching, the described gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are corresponding upper difference.
3. the heat treating method of tooth class part according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step S22 comprises further:
Before carrying out carburizing and quenching, the described gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are corresponding lower difference.
4. the heat treating method of tooth class part according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step S22 comprises further:
Before carrying out carburizing and quenching, the diameter of described mould is greater than the internal diameter of described tooth class part.
5. the heat treating method of tooth class part according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described step S22 comprises further:
Before carrying out carburizing and quenching, diameter 0.01 to the 0.02mm larger than the internal diameter of described tooth class part of described mould.
6. the heat treating method of tooth class part according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step S22 comprises further:
Before carrying out carburizing and quenching, two end faces of described mould all have chamfering.
7. the heat treating method of tooth class part according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described step S22 comprises further:
Each described chamfering is 30 °, and the relation between the projection size of each described chamfering on the axis of described mould and the tooth depth of described tooth class part is as follows:
X=H/10, wherein, X is the projection size of each described chamfering on the axis of described mould, and H is the tooth depth of described tooth class part.
8. the heat treating method of tooth class part according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described step S22 comprises further:
Before carrying out carburizing and quenching, the periphery of described mould has multiple coolant flow grooves through in the axial direction, and described multiple coolant flow groove interval in the circumference of described mould is arranged.
9. the heat treating method of tooth class part according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step S20 comprises further:
When carrying out carburizing and quenching, lower the temperature to described tooth class part with deep fat, the temperature of described deep fat is higher than natural temperature.
10. the heat treating method of tooth class part according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprise after described step S20:
Step S30: bright quenching is carried out to described tooth class part;
Step S40: carry out blast process to the tooth class part after bright quenching, the pressure of described blast process is not more than 0.25Mpa, and use is not less than 200 object emergies.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410779742.9A CN104498696B (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2014-12-15 | The heat treatment method of tooth class part |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410779742.9A CN104498696B (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2014-12-15 | The heat treatment method of tooth class part |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN104498696A true CN104498696A (en) | 2015-04-08 |
| CN104498696B CN104498696B (en) | 2016-09-21 |
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| CN201410779742.9A Active CN104498696B (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2014-12-15 | The heat treatment method of tooth class part |
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Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4229609B2 (en) * | 2001-12-25 | 2009-02-25 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Carburized and hardened gear and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP2010007119A (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2010-01-14 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | Method for manufacturing high-strength carburized component |
| CN104032116A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-09-10 | 无锡市崇安区科技创业服务中心 | Thermal treatment process of steel bevel gear |
| CN104060081A (en) * | 2014-07-05 | 2014-09-24 | 扬州大学 | Method for preventing heat treatment deformation of carburized gear from being out of tolerance |
| CN104117830A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2014-10-29 | 成都亨通兆业精密机械有限公司 | Gear production technology facilitating gear surface quality and segregation degree |
-
2014
- 2014-12-15 CN CN201410779742.9A patent/CN104498696B/en active Active
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4229609B2 (en) * | 2001-12-25 | 2009-02-25 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Carburized and hardened gear and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP2010007119A (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2010-01-14 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | Method for manufacturing high-strength carburized component |
| CN104032116A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-09-10 | 无锡市崇安区科技创业服务中心 | Thermal treatment process of steel bevel gear |
| CN104060081A (en) * | 2014-07-05 | 2014-09-24 | 扬州大学 | Method for preventing heat treatment deformation of carburized gear from being out of tolerance |
| CN104117830A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2014-10-29 | 成都亨通兆业精密机械有限公司 | Gear production technology facilitating gear surface quality and segregation degree |
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| Title |
|---|
| 李宝奎 等: "渗碳淬火齿轮畸变控制技术的研究现状", 《金属热处理》, vol. 31, no. 12, 25 December 2006 (2006-12-25), pages 6 - 11 * |
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| CN104498696B (en) | 2016-09-21 |
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Address after: 412002 Dong Jiaduan, Zhuzhou, Hunan Patentee after: China Hangfa South Industrial Co. Ltd. Address before: 412002 Dong Jiaduan, Zhuzhou, Hunan Patentee before: China Southern Airlines Industry (Group) Co., Ltd. |