CN104498696B - The heat treatment method of tooth class part - Google Patents
The heat treatment method of tooth class part Download PDFInfo
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- CN104498696B CN104498696B CN201410779742.9A CN201410779742A CN104498696B CN 104498696 B CN104498696 B CN 104498696B CN 201410779742 A CN201410779742 A CN 201410779742A CN 104498696 B CN104498696 B CN 104498696B
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- tooth class
- quenching
- tooth
- mould
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
- C23C8/42—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being applied
- C23C8/44—Carburising
- C23C8/46—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/60—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
- C23C8/62—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes only one element being applied
- C23C8/64—Carburising
- C23C8/66—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides the heat treatment method of a kind of tooth class part, including: step S10: determine and carry out carburizing and quenching on tooth class part mould to be set in；Step S20: include step S21 and step S22, if tooth class part needs to be set in carries out carburizing and quenching on mould, then carries out step S21；If tooth class part need not be set in carries out carburizing and quenching on mould, then carry out step S22；Step S21: the gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are all higher than the standard value of correspondence, then this tooth class part are carried out carburizing and quenching；Step S22: the gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are respectively less than corresponding standard value, then this tooth class part are carried out carburizing and quenching.The heat treatment method of the tooth class part of the present invention reduces the difficulty of subsequent treatment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to part processing technique field, in particular to the heat treatment method of a kind of tooth class part.
Background technology
Tooth class part typically manufactures with carburizing steel, it is desirable to gear (spline) surface cyaniding or carburizing, then integral quenching, makes tooth
Wheel (spline) surface obtains high rigidity, and heart portion, owing to not having carburizing or carbonitriding hardness after quenching relatively low, has certain
Retrospective.I.e. reach the purpose that table hard-core is tough.
Part necessarily makes part be deformed due to temperature and tissue change in carburizing (carbo-nitriding) quenching process, profile of tooth and
Circularity all there occurs change.And teeth portion hardness is the highest after quenching, reach more than HRC60, the most pre-
Stay processing capacity, after heat treatment, remove heat treatment deformation by the method for grinding.
But tooth-shape structure is concavo-convex determines the grinding that cannot be carried out routine.If the dimensional requirement of tooth is high, deform after heat treatment
Due to cannot grinding and scrap.
Having grasped the producer of advanced manufacturing technology at present typically uses expensive spline mill to carry out the grinding of teeth portion after heat treatment.
But internal spline size little (output shaft as following) or spline have step (such as clutch outer) up and down even if in the case of flower
Key grinding machine is the most helpless.As shown in the above, existing heat treatment method, add the difficulty of subsequent treatment.
Summary of the invention
It is desirable to provide the heat treatment method of a kind of tooth class part reducing subsequent treatment difficulty.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides the heat treatment method of a kind of tooth class part, including: step S10: determine tooth
Carburizing and quenching is carried out on class part mould to be set in；Step S20: include step S21 and step S22, if tooth class zero
Part needs to be set in and carries out carburizing and quenching on mould, then carry out step S21；Carry out on mould if tooth class part need not be set in
Carburizing and quenching, then carry out step S22；Step S21: the gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are all higher than correspondence
Standard value, then this tooth class part is carried out carburizing and quenching；Step S22: the gear span of tooth class part and gear common normal
Size is respectively less than corresponding standard value, then this tooth class part is carried out carburizing and quenching.
Further, step S21 farther includes: before carrying out carburizing and quenching, and the gear span of tooth class part and gear are public
The size of normal is the upper difference of correspondence.
Further, step S22 farther includes: before carrying out carburizing and quenching, and the gear span of tooth class part and gear are public
The size of normal is the lower difference of correspondence.
Further, step S22 farther includes: before carrying out carburizing and quenching, and the diameter of mould is interior more than tooth class part
Footpath.
Further, step S22 farther includes: before carrying out carburizing and quenching, and the diameter of mould is than the internal diameter of tooth class part
Big 0.01 to 0.02mm.
Further, step S22 farther includes: before carrying out carburizing and quenching, and two end faces of mould are respectively provided with chamfering.
Further, step S22 farther includes: each chamfering is 30 °, each chamfering projection size on the axis of mould
And the relation between the tooth depth of tooth class part is as follows: X=H/10, wherein, X is each chamfering projection size on the axis of mould,
H is the tooth depth of tooth class part.
Further, step S22 farther includes: before carrying out carburizing and quenching, and the outer peripheral face of mould has and passes through in the axial direction
Logical multiple coolant flow grooves, multiple coolant flow grooves are in the circumferentially-spaced setting of mould.
Further, step S20 farther includes: when carrying out carburizing and quenching, lowers the temperature tooth class part with deep fat, heat
The temperature of oil is higher than natural temperature.
Further, also include after step S20: step S30: tooth class part is carried out bright quenching；Step S40: right
Tooth class part after bright quenching carries out blast process, and the pressure that blast processes is not more than 0.25Mpa, and use is not less than
The emergy of 200 mesh.
Application technical scheme, inventor passes through great many of experiments, finds the tooth class part Deformation Law when carburizing and quenching,
If tooth class part needs to be set in carries out carburizing and quenching on mould, then the overall dimensions of tooth class part is to expand, if tooth class
Part need not be set in and carries out carburizing and quenching on mould, then the overall dimensions of tooth class part reduces.In the step s 21,
The gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are all higher than the standard value of correspondence, therefore, the gear after carburizing and quenching
The size of span and gear common normal can be closer to standard value.In step S22, the gear span of tooth class part and gear public law
The size of line is respectively less than corresponding standard value, and therefore, gear span and the size of gear common normal after carburizing and quenching can more connect
Nearly standard value.Owing to the size of the gear span after carburizing and quenching and gear common normal can be closer to standard value, therefore, reduce
Subsequent treatment is carried out even without to the size of tooth class part.As the above analysis, the heat treatment side of the tooth class part of the present invention
Method reduces the difficulty of subsequent treatment.
Detailed description of the invention
It should be noted that in the case of not conflicting, the embodiment in the application and the feature in embodiment can be mutually combined.
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
The heat treatment method of the tooth class part of the present embodiment includes step S10 and step S20.Step S10: determine that tooth class part is
Carburizing and quenching is carried out on no mould to be set in.Step S20 includes step S21 and step S22, if tooth class part needs sheathed
Mould carries out carburizing and quenching, then carries out step S21；If tooth class part need not be set in carries out carburizing and quenching on mould,
Then carry out step S22.Step S21: the gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are all higher than the standard value of correspondence,
Then this tooth class part is carried out carburizing and quenching；Step S22: the gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are respectively less than
Corresponding standard value, then carries out carburizing and quenching to this tooth class part.In the present embodiment, determine that tooth class part is the most sheathed
The method carrying out carburizing and quenching on mould is, when the internal diameter of tooth class part is more than 25mm, then tooth class part is set in mould
On carry out carburizing and quenching；When the internal diameter of tooth class part is not more than 25mm, then tooth class part is not set on mould and carries out carburizing
Quenching.Certainly, as other feasible embodiments, can be by the way of experiment, such as from a collection of carburizing and quenching to be carried out
Tooth class part in first carry out step S21, if defective time, then carry out step S22.
The heat treatment method of the tooth class part of application the present embodiment, inventor passes through great many of experiments, finds tooth class part to quench in carburizing
Deformation Law during fire, if tooth class part needs to be set in carries out carburizing and quenching on mould, then the overall dimensions of tooth class part is
Expanding, if tooth class part need not be set in carries out carburizing and quenching on mould, then the overall dimensions of tooth class part reduces.
In the step s 21, the gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are all higher than the standard value of correspondence, therefore, carburizing
Gear span and the size of gear common normal after quenching can be closer to standard values.In step S22, the gear of tooth class part
The size of span and gear common normal is respectively less than corresponding standard value, therefore, the gear span after carburizing and quenching and gear public law
The size of line can be closer to standard value.Owing to the size of the gear span after carburizing and quenching and gear common normal can be closer to standard
Value, therefore, reduces and carries out subsequent treatment even without to the size of tooth class part.As the above analysis, the tooth of the present embodiment
The heat treatment method of class part reduces the difficulty of subsequent treatment.
The gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal have allowable error, i.e. can float downward in standard value
Dynamic, the size of gear span and gear common normal has the upper difference of correspondence and lower difference, and inventor is drawn by great many of experiments,
If tooth class part needs to be set in carries out carburizing and quenching on mould, then the gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal
When being the upper difference of correspondence, gear span after carburizing and quenching and the size of gear common normal are all at corresponding allowable error model
In enclosing, it is not necessary to size is carried out subsequent treatment.If tooth class part need not be set in carries out carburizing and quenching, then tooth class on mould
When the gear span of part and the size of gear common normal are the lower difference of correspondence, the gear span after carburizing and quenching and gear
The size of common normal is all in the range of corresponding allowable error, it is not necessary to size is carried out subsequent treatment.
In the present embodiment, step S21 farther includes: before carrying out carburizing and quenching, the gear span of tooth class part and tooth
The size of wheel common normal is the upper difference of correspondence.
In the present embodiment, step S22 farther includes: before carrying out carburizing and quenching, the gear span of tooth class part and tooth
The size of wheel common normal is the lower difference of correspondence.
In the present embodiment, step S22 farther includes: before carrying out carburizing and quenching, and the diameter of mould is more than tooth class part
Internal diameter.Using said structure, the tooth class part after carburizing and quenching is tightly held on mould, it is to avoid tooth class part ellipse becomes
Shape, reduces the ovality of tooth class part.
In the present embodiment, step S22 farther includes: before carrying out carburizing and quenching, and the diameter of mould is than tooth class part
Big 0.01 to the 0.02mm of internal diameter.Inventor is drawn by great many of experiments, uses and above-mentioned is sized to relatively efficiently control ovality,
And it is easy to mould penetrates tooth class part.When tooth class part has interior gear teeth structure, the internal diameter of tooth class part is interior gear teeth knots
The tooth tip diameter of structure.
In the present embodiment, step S22 farther includes: before carrying out carburizing and quenching, and two end faces of mould have chamfering.
Use said structure, it is possible to avoid tooth class part in the enlarged-diameter of opening part, it is to avoid form horn mouth at the two ends of tooth class part.
In the present embodiment, step S22 farther includes: each chamfering is 30 °, the projection on the axis of mould of each chamfering
Relation between the tooth depth of size and tooth class part is as follows: X=H/10, and wherein, X is the projection on the axis of mould of each chamfering
Size, H is the tooth depth of tooth class part.Use above-mentioned corresponding relation, it is possible to be prevented effectively from and form loudspeaker at the two ends of tooth class part
Mouthful.
In the present embodiment, step S22 farther includes: before carrying out carburizing and quenching, and the outer peripheral face of mould has axially
Upper through multiple coolant flow grooves, multiple coolant flow grooves are in the circumferentially-spaced setting of mould.Use above-mentioned knot
Structure, it is possible to quickly cooling is in the tooth class part of high temperature, improves the quality of carburizing and quenching.
In the present embodiment, step S20 farther includes: when carrying out carburizing and quenching, lowers the temperature tooth class part with deep fat,
The temperature of deep fat is higher than natural temperature.Natural temperature refers to the temperature of outside air, and the viscosity ratio of deep fat is relatively low, thus flowing
Property relatively good, it is possible to accelerate the cooling of tooth class part, and then make tooth class part good with mould laminating degree.
In the present embodiment, after step S20, step S30 and step S40 are also included.Step S30: tooth class part is carried out
Bright quenching.Step S40: the tooth class part after bright quenching carries out blast process, the pressure that blast processes is not more than
0.25Mpa, and use the emergy not less than 200 mesh.Use said process, it is possible to make any surface finish of tooth class part, and
And above-mentioned blast processes and makes the surface removal amount of tooth class part few.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for those skilled in the art
For, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.All within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any amendment of being made, etc.
With replacement, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the heat treatment method of a tooth class part, it is characterised in that including:
Step S10: determine and carry out carburizing and quenching on tooth class part mould to be set in；
Step S20: include step S21 and step S22, if described tooth class part needs to be set on described mould is carried out
Carburizing and quenching, then carry out step S21；If described tooth class part need not be set in carries out carburizing and quenching on described mould,
Then carry out step S22；
Step S21: the described gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are all higher than the standard value of correspondence, then
This tooth class part is carried out carburizing and quenching；
Step S22: the gear span of described tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are respectively less than corresponding standard value, then
This tooth class part is carried out carburizing and quenching；
Wherein, described step S21 farther includes:
Before carrying out carburizing and quenching, the described gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are the upper difference of correspondence
Value；
Described step S22 farther includes:
Before carrying out carburizing and quenching, the described gear span of tooth class part and the size of gear common normal are the allowance below nominal size of correspondence
Value.
The heat treatment method of tooth class part the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step S22 farther includes:
Before carrying out carburizing and quenching, the diameter of described mould is more than the internal diameter of described tooth class part.
The heat treatment method of tooth class part the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described step S22 farther includes:
Before carrying out carburizing and quenching, the diameter of described mould is than big 0.01 to the 0.02mm of internal diameter of described tooth class part.
The heat treatment method of tooth class part the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step S22 farther includes:
Before carrying out carburizing and quenching, two end faces of described mould are respectively provided with chamfering.
The heat treatment method of tooth class part the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described step S22 farther includes:
Each described chamfering is 30 °, each described chamfering projection size on the axis of described mould and described tooth class part
Tooth depth between relation as follows:
X=H/10, wherein, X is each described chamfering projection size on the axis of described mould, and H is described tooth class zero
The tooth depth of part.
The heat treatment method of tooth class part the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described step S22 farther includes:
Before carrying out carburizing and quenching, the outer peripheral face of described mould has the most through multiple coolant flow grooves,
The plurality of coolant flow groove is in the circumferentially-spaced setting of described mould.
The heat treatment method of tooth class part the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step S20 farther includes:
When carrying out carburizing and quenching, lowering the temperature described tooth class part with deep fat, the temperature of described deep fat is higher than natural temperature.
The heat treatment method of tooth class part the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also include after described step S20:
Step S30: described tooth class part is carried out bright quenching；
Step S40: the tooth class part after bright quenching carries out blast process, the pressure that described blast processes is not more than
0.25Mpa, and use the emergy not less than 200 mesh.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410779742.9A CN104498696B (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2014-12-15 | The heat treatment method of tooth class part |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410779742.9A CN104498696B (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2014-12-15 | The heat treatment method of tooth class part |
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| CN104498696A CN104498696A (en) | 2015-04-08 |
| CN104498696B true CN104498696B (en) | 2016-09-21 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4229609B2 (en) * | 2001-12-25 | 2009-02-25 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Carburized and hardened gear and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP2010007119A (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2010-01-14 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | Method for manufacturing high-strength carburized component |
| CN104032116A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-09-10 | 无锡市崇安区科技创业服务中心 | Thermal treatment process of steel bevel gear |
| CN104060081A (en) * | 2014-07-05 | 2014-09-24 | 扬州大学 | Method for preventing heat treatment deformation of carburized gear from being out of tolerance |
| CN104117830A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2014-10-29 | 成都亨通兆业精密机械有限公司 | Gear production technology facilitating gear surface quality and segregation degree |
-
2014
- 2014-12-15 CN CN201410779742.9A patent/CN104498696B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4229609B2 (en) * | 2001-12-25 | 2009-02-25 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Carburized and hardened gear and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP2010007119A (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2010-01-14 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | Method for manufacturing high-strength carburized component |
| CN104032116A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-09-10 | 无锡市崇安区科技创业服务中心 | Thermal treatment process of steel bevel gear |
| CN104060081A (en) * | 2014-07-05 | 2014-09-24 | 扬州大学 | Method for preventing heat treatment deformation of carburized gear from being out of tolerance |
| CN104117830A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2014-10-29 | 成都亨通兆业精密机械有限公司 | Gear production technology facilitating gear surface quality and segregation degree |
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| Title |
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| 渗碳淬火齿轮畸变控制技术的研究现状;李宝奎 等;《金属热处理》;20061225;第31卷(第12期);第6-11页 * |
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| CN104498696A (en) | 2015-04-08 |
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