CN104491630A - 一种治疗褥疮的中药及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗褥疮的中药及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗褥疮的中药及其制备方法,属于中药技术领域,由下述原料制备而成:黄芪、党参、山药、白术、枸杞、龙骨、乳香、没药、刺蒺藜、苦参、地肤子、地龙、桑寄生、桑枝、艾草、当归、桃仁、红花、半夏、白芍、丹参、百部、白藓皮、花椒、紫花地丁、黄连、黄柏、虎杖、茵陈、冰片、人参、虎斑游蛇、甘草。本发明各药具有协同作用,具有清热解毒、益气通络、止痒、祛除湿热、去腐生肌的作用,服用后,能促进机体的调节功能,加快创口愈合,并且具有止痛作用,减少了患者治疗过程中的痛苦,对褥疮的治疗可以起到标本兼治之效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗褥疮的中药及其制备方法,属于中药技术领域。
背景技术
褥疮又称压疮,压力性溃疡,是由于局部组织长期受压使血液循环受阻,发生持续缺血、缺氧、营养不良而致组织溃烂坏死,多因病瘫痪,长期卧床体质衰弱,护理不当,翻身活动不方便及肢体感觉障碍的病人易发生,病人早期可见皮肤局部可见皮肤局部出现红肿和水泡,以后变成紫红色并开始破溃,破溃初期创面鲜红有渗出液,然后创面加深,颜色变黑变暗。褥疮多见于截瘫患者,由于躯体的重压与摩擦而引起的,以局限性浅表皮肤破损,疮口经久不愈为主要表现的慢性疮疡类疾病,好发部位为骶骨、坐骨结节、股骨大转子等处,其次为跟骨、枕骨、髂前上棘、内外踝等部位。褥疮初起时,患者局部皮肤常常表现为红、肿、热、痛,这是受压部位暂时缺血引起的。继而发生溃烂,溃烂面及进一步加大。
褥疮的治疗一般是抗菌消炎为主,使用抗生素,采用局部外涂碘酊、灭滴灵等外涂药物进行治疗,但是使用这些药物对创面有较强的刺激性,并且,随着耐药菌种的增加,许多细菌已对抗生素不敏感,影响临床疗效,毒副作用大,治愈周期长,难以根治,治疗效果不理想。褥疮较严重时,一般采用手术清除坏死组织,抗生素局部或全身消炎,但是经临床验证发现,这种方法不但没有治好褥疮,反而由于患者本身体质差,新陈代谢缓慢,血运障碍导致伤口不愈合,形成更大的创面,甚至有些感染发炎形成窦道,使病情加重。
发明内容
本发明克服了上述现有技术的不足,提供了一种治疗褥疮的中药及其制备方法,可以快速治愈褥疮,使用方便,不易复发。
本发明的技术方案是:
一种治疗褥疮的中药,其特征是,由以下重量份的原料制成:
黄芪15-25、党参15-25、山药15-25、白术15-25、枸杞5-10、龙骨5-10、乳香5-10、没药5-10、刺蒺藜5-10、苦参5-10、地肤子5-10、地龙5-10、桑寄生15-25、桑枝15-25、艾草15-25、当归15-25、桃仁10-20、红花10-20、半夏10-20、白芍10-20、丹参10-20、百部10-20、白藓皮10-20、花椒15-25、紫花地丁10-20、黄连15-25、黄柏15-25、虎杖10-20、茵陈10-20、冰片5-10、人参15-25、虎斑游蛇5-10、甘草5-10。
优选的,由以下重量份的原料制成:
黄芪20、党参20、山药20、白术20、枸杞8、龙骨8、乳香8、没药8、刺蒺藜8、苦参8、地肤子8、地龙8、桑寄生20、桑枝20、艾草20、当归20、桃仁15、红花15、半夏15、白芍15、丹参15、百部15、白藓皮15、花椒20、紫花地丁15、黄连20、黄柏20、虎杖15、茵陈15、冰片8、人参8、虎斑游蛇8、甘草8。
优选的,由以下重量份的原料制成:
黄芪15、党参15、山药15、白术15、枸杞5、龙骨5、乳香5、没药5、刺蒺藜5、苦参5、地肤子5、地龙5、桑寄生15、桑枝15、艾草15、当归15、桃仁10、红花10、半夏10、白芍10、丹参10、百部10、白藓皮10、花椒15、紫花地丁10、黄连15、黄柏15、虎杖10、茵陈10、冰片5、人参15、虎斑游蛇5、甘草5。
优选的,由以下重量份的原料制成:
黄芪25、党参25、山药25、白术25、枸杞10、龙骨10、乳香10、没药10、刺蒺藜10、苦参10、地肤子10、地龙10、桑寄生25、桑枝25、艾草25、当归25、桃仁20、红花20、半夏20、白芍20、丹参20、百部20、白藓皮20、花椒25、紫花地丁20、黄连25、黄柏25、虎杖20、茵陈20、冰片5-10、人参25、虎斑游蛇10、甘草10。
优选的,将上述中药制成洗剂和药垫。
本发明还提供了一种治疗褥疮的中药的制备方法,其特征是,包括以下步骤:
①根据上述的重量份称取原料;然后称取原料总重量3倍的水;
②将步骤①中称取的地龙、虎斑游蛇和甘草置于容器中,加入步骤①中称取的水,加热至30℃,浸泡1h,然后加入黄芪、党参、山药、白术、枸杞、龙骨、乳香、没药、刺蒺藜、苦参、地肤子、桑寄生、桑枝、艾草、当归、桃仁、红花、半夏、白芍、丹参、百部、白藓皮、花椒、紫花地丁、黄连、黄柏、虎杖、茵陈、人参、甘草,继续浸泡0.5h,然后煎煮0.5h,倒出药液,药渣留于容器中,再加入水至没过药渣,然后加入冰片,煎煮0.5h,倒出药液;
合并两次煎煮药液,即得洗剂;
将药渣控水晾干,然后粉碎,用棉布包覆,制成药垫,所述棉布包覆三层以上。
使用方法:
用清水清洗患处,洗后用本发明制备的洗剂清洗患处,然后将本发明的药垫铺于身下,每日清洗2次,10天为一疗程。
各中药的药理作用:
黄芪:性温,味甘。补气升阳,益卫固表、托毒生肌、利水退肿。主治脾胃虚弱,食少倦怠,气虚血脱,表虚自汗、盗汗。
党参:甘,平。入手、足太阴经气分。补中益气,生津,养血。用于中气不足的体虚倦怠,脾胃虚弱,气血两亏,治体倦无力,肺气亏虚。治食少,口渴,久泻,脱肛。及气血双亏的面色萎黄,头晕心悸等。
山药:甘,平。归脾、肺、肾经。功能主治:补脾养胃,生津益肺,补肾涩精。用于脾虚食少,久泻不止,肺虚喘咳,肾虚遗精,带下,尿频,虚热消渴。
白术:苦甘,温。入脾、胃经。补脾,益胃,燥湿,和中,安胎。治脾胃气弱,不思饮食,倦怠少气,虚胀,泄泻,痰饮,水肿,黄疸,湿痹,小便不利,头晕,自汗,胎气不安。
枸杞:甘,平。归肝、肾经。功能主治:滋补肝肾,益精明目。用于虚劳精亏,腰膝酸痛,眩晕耳鸣,内热消渴,血虚萎黄,目昏不明。
龙骨:性味甘、涩,平。入心、肝、肾、大肠经,功能主治:镇静,敛汗涩精,生肌敛疮。用于神经衰弱,心悸,失眠,多梦,自汗,盗汗,遗精,遗尿,崩漏,带下;外用治疮疡久溃不敛。
乳香:调气活血,定痛,追毒。治气血凝滞、心腹疼痛,痈疮肿毒,跌打损伤,痛经,产后瘀血刺痛。
没药:苦,辛,平,无毒。肝,脾,心,肾经。活血定痛,消肿生肌,主治跌打损伤,金疮,筋骨,心腹诸痛,症瘕,经闭,痈疽肿痛,疮疡溃后久不收口。
刺蒺藜:味苦;辛;性平,归肝;肺;肾;心经;功能主治:平肝;解郁;祛风明目。主头痛;眩晕;胸胁胀痛;乳房胀痛;乳闭不通;经闭;目赤翳障;风疹瘙痒;白癜风;疮疽;瘰疬
苦参:苦,寒。入肝、肾、大肠、小肠经。清热,燥湿,杀虫。治热毒血痢,肠风下血,黄疸,赤白带下,小儿肺炎,疳积,急性扁桃体炎,痔漏,脱肛,皮肤瘙痒,疥癞恶疮,阴疮湿痒,瘰疬,烫伤。外治滴虫性阴道炎。
地肤子:性味辛、苦,寒。归肾、膀胱经。功能主治:清热利湿,祛风止痒。用于小便涩痛,阴痒带下,风疹,湿疹,皮肤瘙痒。
地龙:性味咸,寒。归肝、脾、膀胱经。功能主治:清热定惊,通络,平喘,利尿。用于高热神昏,惊痫抽搐,关节痹痛,肢体麻木,半身不遂,肺热喘咳,尿少水肿,高血压。
桑寄生:补肝肾,强筋骨,除风湿,通经络,益血,安胎。治腰膝酸痛,筋骨痿弱,风寒湿痹,胎漏血崩。
桑枝:祛风湿,利关节,行水气。治风寒湿痹,四肢拘挛,脚气浮肿,肌体风痒。
艾草:性味苦、辛、温,入脾、肝、肾。性温、味苦、无毒。有调经止血﹑安胎止崩﹑散寒除湿之效。可用治脘腹冷痛,经寒不调,宫冷不孕、虚寒性月经过多,崩漏带下,妊娠胎漏。
当归:甘辛,温。入心、肝、脾经。补血和血,调经止痛,润燥滑肠。治月经不调,经闭腹痛,癥瘕结聚,崩漏;血虚头痛,眩晕,痿痹;肠燥便难,赤痢后重;痈疽疮窃,跌扑损伤。
桃仁:苦甘,平。入心、肝、大肠经。破血行瘀,润燥滑肠。治经闭,癥瘕,热病蓄血,风痹,疟疾,跌打损伤,瘀血肿痛,血燥便秘。
红花:辛,温。入心、肝经。活血通经,去瘀止痛。治经闭,癥瘕,难产,死胎,产后恶露不行、瘀血作痛,痈肿,跌扑损伤。
半夏:燥湿经痰,降逆止呕,消痞散结。治湿痰冷饮,呕吐反胃,痰厥头痛,头晕不眠。
白芍:苦、酸,微寒。归经:归肝、脾经。功能主治:平肝止痛,养血调经,敛阴止汗。用于头痛眩晕,胁痛,腹痛,四肢挛痛,血虚萎黄,月经不调,自汗,盗汗。
丹参:苦,微寒;归心、肝经。活血化淤,凉血宁心。本品降而行血,善入血分,能通经脉、化淤滞、清心火、凉血热,安神志、除悸烦,常用于胸痹心痛,月经部调、疮疡肿痛,失眠及淤血肿痛等症。
百部:性味甘、苦,微温。归肺经。有小毒。功能主治:润肺下气止咳,杀虫。用于新久咳嗽,肺痨咳嗽,百日咳;外用于头虱,体虱,蛲虫病,阴痒。蜜百部润肺止咳。用于阴虚劳嗽。
白藓皮又名白鲜皮,性味苦,寒。归脾、胃、膀胱经。功能主治:清热燥湿,祛风解毒。用于湿热疮毒,黄水淋漓,湿疹,风疹,疥癣疮癞,风湿热痹,黄疸尿赤。
花椒:性味辛,温。归脾、胃、肾经。功能主治:温中止痛,杀虫止痒。用于脘腹冷痛,呕吐泄泻,虫积腹痛,蛔虫症;外治湿疹瘙痒。
紫花地丁:性味苦、辛,寒。归心、肝经。功能主治:清热解毒,凉血消肿。用于疔疮肿毒,痈疽发背,丹毒,毒蛇咬伤。
黄连:苦,寒。归经:归心、脾、胃、肝、胆、大肠经。功能主治:清热燥湿,泻火解毒。用于湿热痞满,呕吐吞酸,泻痢,黄疸,高热神昏,心火亢盛,心烦不寐,血热吐衄,目赤,牙痛,消渴,痈肿疔疮;外治湿疹,湿疮,耳道流脓。酒黄连善清上焦火热。用于目赤,口疮。姜黄连清胃和胃止呕。用于寒热互结,湿热中阻,痞满呕吐。萸黄连舒肝和胃止呕。用于肝胃不和,呕吐吞酸。
黄柏:苦,寒。归经:归肾、膀胱经。功能主治:清热燥湿,泻火除蒸,解毒疗疮。用于湿热泻痢,黄疸,带下,热淋,脚气,痿,骨蒸劳热,盗汗,遗精,疮疡肿毒,湿疹瘙痒。盐黄柏滋阴降火。用于阴虚火旺,盗汗骨蒸。
虎杖:微苦,微寒。归经:归肝、胆、肺经。功能主治:祛风利湿,散瘀定痛,止咳化痰。用于关节痹痛,湿热黄疸,经闭,症瘕,水火烫伤,跌扑损伤,痈肿疮毒,咳嗽痰多。
茵陈:性味苦、辛,微寒。归脾、胃、肝、胆经。功能主治:清湿热,退黄疸。用于黄疸尿少,湿疮瘙痒;传染性黄疸型肝炎。
冰片:辛苦,凉。入心、肺经。通诸窍,散郁火,去翳明目,消肿止痛。治中风口噤,热病神昏,惊痫痰迷,气闭耳聋,喉痹,口疮,中耳炎,痈肿,痔疮,目亦翳膜,蛲虫病。
人参:味甘,微温,无毒。入脾、肺经。大补元气,固脱生津,安神。治劳伤虚损,食少,倦怠,反胃吐食,大便滑泄,虚咳喘促,自汗暴脱,惊悸,健忘,眩晕头痛,阳痿,尿频,消渴,妇女崩漏,小儿慢惊,及久虚不复,一切气血津液不足之证。
虎斑游蛇:功能主治:解毒,止痛,袪风湿。主治骨结核,骨质增生,风湿症等。近来临床试用于胃癌、食道癌、乳腺癌等,据谓有一定疗效。
甘草:甘,平。归经:归心、肺、脾、胃经。功能主治:补脾益气,清热解毒,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和诸药。用于脾胃虚弱,倦怠乏力,心悸气短,咳嗽痰多,脘腹、四肢挛急疼痛,痈肿疮毒,缓解药物毒性、烈性。
本发明将上述药物组合后,其药效具有协同作用,具有清热解毒、益气通络、止痒、祛除湿热、去腐生肌的作用,服用后,能促进机体的调节功能,加快创口愈合,并且具有止痛作用,减少了患者治疗过程中的痛苦,对褥疮的治疗可以起到“标本”兼治之效。该药物为洗剂,能够直接通过皮肤软组织的吸收,直达病灶,快速扩张血管,促进局部血液循环,以起到活血祛瘀、去腐生肌的作用。快速达到杀菌消炎的目的,换药时,只需简单清洗即可,使用十分方便。并且,药垫不仅具有辅助治疗的功效,并且可保持身下干燥,从而杜绝了褥疮病情的加重。
以下结合临床资料及典型病例对本发明的有益效果进一步说明。
一、临床观察
1、临床资料:褥疮患者160例,其中男72例,女78例,年龄12~79岁。褥疮炎症浸润期89例,褥疮化脓坏死期56例,褥疮疮腔形成期15例。
2、治疗方法:
用清水清洗患处,洗后用本发明制备的洗剂清洗患处,然后将本发明的药垫铺于身下,每日清洗2次,10天为一疗程。
3、疗效评定标准:
痊愈:新生肉芽组织全部长出,创面完全愈合;
显效:创面明显缩小、干燥、红润,新生肉芽组织大部分长出,无炎性渗出液;
好转:创面缩小,部分创面干燥、红润,新生肉芽组织部分长出,炎性渗出液减少;
无效:治疗前后溃疡面无明显变化。
4、治疗结果:痊愈146例,显效10例,好转3例,无效1例。治愈率为91.3%,总有效率为99.4%。
5、结论:经临床患者应用,本发明疗效快、疗程短、治愈率高、成本低,无致敏性、无任何毒副作用,疗效显著。
二、典型病例
病例1,秦某某,男,59岁。患者因长期卧床达3年以上,皮肤长时间受到压迫,皮肤得不到血液的正常供氧,臀部和背部发现褥疮,皮肤溃烂,创面较深,伤口可见大量脓性分泌物,多方治疗无效,使用本发明的中药治疗2个疗程,创面逐渐愈合好转。继续治疗1个疗程,创面愈合,至今未复发。
病例2,吴某某,女,71岁。患者因中风卧床3年,骶骨出现褥疮,经过使用本发明中药治疗2个疗程,症状消失。
病例3:王某,女,68岁,因偏瘫卧床5年,背部和臀部生有褥疮,皮肤严重溃烂,创面较深,出现坏死组织,有恶臭,多方治疗无效,使用本发明的中药后,3个疗程结痂痊愈。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
配方:黄芪20、党参20、山药20、白术20、枸杞8、龙骨8、乳香8、没药8、刺蒺藜8、苦参8、地肤子8、地龙8、桑寄生20、桑枝20、艾草20、当归20、桃仁15、红花15、半夏15、白芍15、丹参15、百部15、白藓皮15、花椒20、紫花地丁15、黄连20、黄柏20、虎杖15、茵陈15、冰片8、人参8、虎斑游蛇8、甘草8。
制备方法:
①根据上述的重量份称取原料;然后称取原料总重量3倍的水;
②将步骤①中称取的地龙、虎斑游蛇和甘草置于容器中,加入步骤①中称取的水,加热至30℃,浸泡1h,然后加入黄芪、党参、山药、白术、枸杞、龙骨、乳香、没药、刺蒺藜、苦参、地肤子、桑寄生、桑枝、艾草、当归、桃仁、红花、半夏、白芍、丹参、百部、白藓皮、花椒、紫花地丁、黄连、黄柏、虎杖、茵陈、人参、甘草,继续浸泡0.5h,然后煎煮0.5h,倒出药液,药渣留于容器中,再加入水至没过药渣,然后加入冰片,煎煮0.5h,倒出药液;
合并两次煎煮药液,即得洗剂;
将药渣控水晾干,然后粉碎,用棉布包覆,制成药垫,所述棉布包覆三层以上。
使用方法:
用清水清洗患处,洗后用本发明制备的洗剂清洗患处,然后将本发明的药垫铺于身下,每日清洗2次,10天为一疗程。
实施例2:
配方:黄芪15、党参15、山药15、白术15、枸杞5、龙骨5、乳香5、没药5、刺蒺藜5、苦参5、地肤子5、地龙5、桑寄生15、桑枝15、艾草15、当归15、桃仁10、红花10、半夏10、白芍10、丹参10、百部10、白藓皮10、花椒15、紫花地丁10、黄连15、黄柏15、虎杖10、茵陈10、冰片5、人参15、虎斑游蛇5、甘草5。
制备方法和使用方法同实施例1。
实施例3:
配方:黄芪25、党参25、山药25、白术25、枸杞10、龙骨10、乳香10、没药10、刺蒺藜10、苦参10、地肤子10、地龙10、桑寄生25、桑枝25、艾草25、当归25、桃仁20、红花20、半夏20、白芍20、丹参20、百部20、白藓皮20、花椒25、紫花地丁20、黄连25、黄柏25、虎杖20、茵陈20、冰片5-10、人参25、虎斑游蛇10、甘草10。
制备方法和使用方法同实施例1。
Claims (6)
1.一种治疗褥疮的中药,其特征是,由以下重量份的原料制成:
黄芪15-25、党参15-25、山药15-25、白术15-25、枸杞5-10、龙骨5-10、乳香5-10、没药5-10、刺蒺藜5-10、苦参5-10、地肤子5-10、地龙5-10、桑寄生15-25、桑枝15-25、艾草15-25、当归15-25、桃仁10-20、红花10-20、半夏10-20、白芍10-20、丹参10-20、百部10-20、白藓皮10-20、花椒15-25、紫花地丁10-20、黄连15-25、黄柏15-25、虎杖10-20、茵陈10-20、冰片5-10、人参15-25、虎斑游蛇5-10、甘草5-10。
2.根据权利1所述的治疗褥疮的中药,其特征是,由以下重量份的原料制成:
黄芪20、党参20、山药20、白术20、枸杞8、龙骨8、乳香8、没药8、刺蒺藜8、苦参8、地肤子8、地龙8、桑寄生20、桑枝20、艾草20、当归20、桃仁15、红花15、半夏15、白芍15、丹参15、百部15、白藓皮15、花椒20、紫花地丁15、黄连20、黄柏20、虎杖15、茵陈15、冰片8、人参8、虎斑游蛇8、甘草8。
3.根据权利1所述的治疗褥疮的中药,其特征是,由以下重量份的原料制成:
黄芪15、党参15、山药15、白术15、枸杞5、龙骨5、乳香5、没药5、刺蒺藜5、苦参5、地肤子5、地龙5、桑寄生15、桑枝15、艾草15、当归15、桃仁10、红花10、半夏10、白芍10、丹参10、百部10、白藓皮10、花椒15、紫花地丁10、黄连15、黄柏15、虎杖10、茵陈10、冰片5、人参15、虎斑游蛇5、甘草5。
4.根据权利1所述的治疗褥疮的中药,其特征是,由以下重量份的原料制成:
黄芪25、党参25、山药25、白术25、枸杞10、龙骨10、乳香10、没药10、刺蒺藜10、苦参10、地肤子10、地龙10、桑寄生25、桑枝25、艾草25、当归25、桃仁20、红花20、半夏20、白芍20、丹参20、百部20、白藓皮20、花椒25、紫花地丁20、黄连25、黄柏25、虎杖20、茵陈20、冰片5-10、人参25、虎斑游蛇10、甘草10。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一所述的治疗褥疮的中药,其特征是,将上述中药制成洗剂和药垫。
6.一种治疗褥疮的中药的制备方法,其特征是,包括以下步骤:
①根据权利要求1-5任一所述的重量份称取原料;然后称取原料总重量3倍的水;
②将步骤①中称取的地龙、虎斑游蛇和甘草置于容器中,加入步骤①中称取的水,加热至30℃,浸泡1h,然后加入黄芪、党参、山药、白术、枸杞、龙骨、乳香、没药、刺蒺藜、苦参、地肤子、桑寄生、桑枝、艾草、当归、桃仁、红花、半夏、白芍、丹参、百部、白藓皮、花椒、紫花地丁、黄连、黄柏、虎杖、茵陈、人参、甘草,继续浸泡0.5h,然后煎煮0.5h,倒出药液,药渣留于容器中,再加入水至没过药渣,然后加入冰片,煎煮0.5h,倒出药液;
合并两次煎煮药液,即得洗剂;
将药渣控水晾干,然后粉碎,用棉布包覆,制成药垫,所述棉布包覆三层以上。
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