CN104487757A - 用于诸如航空器之类的乘客运输工具上的氢的可移除存储 - Google Patents

用于诸如航空器之类的乘客运输工具上的氢的可移除存储 Download PDF

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CN104487757A
CN104487757A CN201380039286.8A CN201380039286A CN104487757A CN 104487757 A CN104487757 A CN 104487757A CN 201380039286 A CN201380039286 A CN 201380039286A CN 104487757 A CN104487757 A CN 104487757A
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hydrogen
aircraft
hydrogen storage
scheme according
fast adaptation
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CN104487757B (zh
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Y·布鲁瑙克斯
V·吉洛坦
J·塞里西耶
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Saifeng Aviation Technology Co ltd
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Intertechnique SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D37/00—Arrangements in connection with fuel supply for power plant
    • B64D37/30—Fuel systems for specific fuels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D37/00—Arrangements in connection with fuel supply for power plant
    • B64D37/02—Tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D37/00—Arrangements in connection with fuel supply for power plant
    • B64D37/02—Tanks
    • B64D37/06—Constructional adaptations thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D41/00—Power installations for auxiliary purposes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L1/00—Laying or reclaiming pipes; Repairing or joining pipes on or under water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
    • F17C13/084—Mounting arrangements for vessels for small-sized storage vessels, e.g. compressed gas cylinders or bottles, disposable gas vessels, vessels adapted for automotive use
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
    • F17C13/084—Mounting arrangements for vessels for small-sized storage vessels, e.g. compressed gas cylinders or bottles, disposable gas vessels, vessels adapted for automotive use
    • F17C13/085—Mounting arrangements for vessels for small-sized storage vessels, e.g. compressed gas cylinders or bottles, disposable gas vessels, vessels adapted for automotive use on wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D41/00—Power installations for auxiliary purposes
    • B64D2041/005—Fuel cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/058—Size portable (<30 l)
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    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0142—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0157—Details of mounting arrangements for transport
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0157—Details of mounting arrangements for transport
    • F17C2205/0161—Details of mounting arrangements for transport with wheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
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    • F17C2205/0157—Details of mounting arrangements for transport
    • F17C2205/0165—Details of mounting arrangements for transport with handgrip
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
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  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

Abstract

本发明的实施例总体上涉及用于在航空器、航空航天飞行器、或者其他乘客运输工具上的氢网络的可移除存储。它们具体地涉及使用氢网络以便支持燃料电池系统的这种交通工具，更具体地它公开了用于飞机机载应用的、安装在手推车或支架中的可更换的氢存储。

Description

用于诸如航空器之类的乘客运输工具上的氢的可移除存储
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2012年6月26日提交的名称为“Removable Storagefor Hydrogen Aircraft Network”的美国临时专利申请第61/675,915号的权益，该申请的整体内容在此通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明的实施例总体上涉及用于在航空器、航空航天飞行器、或其他乘客运输工具上的氢网络的可移除存储。它们具体地涉及使用氢网络以便支持燃料电池系统的这种交通工具。
背景技术
在航空器上的若干部件需要电能用于它们的激活。这些部件中很多部件与运行航空器实际上需要的电气部件(即，导航系统、燃料表、飞行控制、和液压系统)分离。例如，航空器还具有餐饮设备、制热/制冷系统、盥洗室、电动座椅、热水器、和也需要电能的其他部件。可能需要外部电能的特定部件包括但不限于垃圾压缩机(在厨房和/或盥洗室中)、烤箱和加温室(例如，蒸汽炉、对流炉、面包加热器)、可选的洗碗机、冰柜、冰箱、咖啡和蒸泡咖啡机、热水器(用于茶)、空气冷却器和冷却室、厨房垃圾处理、加热和冷却的饮料服务车/手推车、表面清洁、区域加热器、机舱通风、独立通风、区域或聚光灯(例如，机舱灯和/或用于乘客座位的阅读灯)、供水、防止结冰的供水线路加热、用于乘客电子设备的充电站、电器插座、真空生成器、真空厕所组件、灰水接口阀、电动座椅(例如，特别用于商务舱或头等舱座位)、乘客娱乐单元、应急照明及其组合。这些部件对于乘客的舒适度和满意度是重要的，并且很多部件是绝对必需品。
然而，关于这些部件的一个顾虑是它们的能量消耗。如所讨论的那样，用于加热和冷却的厨房系统在同时需要电能的航空器上的几个其他系统中间。经常地，这种系统需要比从航空器引擎的驱动发电机可以提取的电能更多的电能，使得需要额外的电源，诸如煤油燃烧辅助供电单元(APU)(或者如果航空器还没有在飞行中通过地面供电单元)。该电能消耗可以相当大，特别是对于具有数百名乘客的长途飞行而言。此外，航空器电能的使用产生噪声和CO2排放，它们二者都被期望降低。因此，需要确定通过提供革新的方法对这些部件供电来改进燃料效率和电能管理的方法。有新方法正被开发以产生电能来运行机载部件，以及利用发电的有利的副产品用于诸如航空器之类的乘客运输工具上的其他用途。
燃料电池的相对较新的技术提供有希望的更清洁和更安静的装置以补充已经在航空器上的能量源。除了电能之外，燃料电池还具有若干输出，并且这些其他输出通常没有被利用，但是可以用于避免由燃料电池系统生成的其他可用的能量源(诸如热能、电能和/或气动能)的损失。燃料电池系统将压缩氢的燃料源与空气中的氧结合以产生电能和热能作为主要产品。水和氧耗尽空气(ODA)被作为副产品产出，它们远没有来自目前航空器发电过程中的CO2排放有害。
因为在航空器和其他交通工具上的燃料电池系统的所提出的使用是相对较新的，所以没有适当的存储网络和系统在合适的地方用于为燃料电池运行所需要的氢。特别地，目前没有安装在商用航空器上的氢网络。安装氧网络，如果发生紧急航空器减压，使得氧可以被提供用于机组人员和乘客。为避免高氧泄露，可以沿着气体网络安装自动流量保险丝。在气瓶区域外避免高压，并且为安全原因低压是优选的。在航空器或航空航天飞行器上也存在通常提供的化学氧发生器。然而，这些系统和网络没有被设计为可移除的，也没有被设计用于将气体输送到燃料电池系统，而是用于将氧输送到呼吸系统和其他加压系统。
因此，目前存在对可以被移除并且再填充和/或更换的可移除氢存储系统的需要。
发明内容
因此本文所描述的发明的实施例提供用于航空器网络的氢存储，航空器网络用于燃料电池应用和/或任何其他氢应用。氢存储方案被设计成从交通工具可移除的，使得它们可以被再填充和/或更换为新的氢源。
附图说明
图1示出了氢存储手推车的侧面平面图。
图2示出了氢存储支架的侧面平面图。
图3示出了氢存储航空货柜的侧面透视图。
图4示出了可能的氢航空器网络的示意图。
图5图示了使用氢的燃料电池系统的示意图。
图6图示了可以如何使用燃料电池系统对各种航空器系统供电的示意图。
图7图示了可以用于将氢连接到一个或者多个航空器系统的柱状快速适配连接器的一个实施例。
图8图示了可以用于将氢连接到一个或者多个航空器系统的快速适配连接器(板)的一个实施例。
具体实施方式
本发明的实施例提供用于提供在航空器或其他乘客运输工具中可移除的氢存储的设备、系统、和方法。该系统被设计成从交通工具轻易可移除并且由新的成组的氢罐替代。航空公司越来越多地寻求降低航空器的周转时间，但是也要求方案安装安全，以及安全和易维护。需要本文所描述的实施例能够快速适配并且从交通工具移除，使得氢填充可以发生在非现场(off-site)或在另一专用安全填充区域。这意味着将不存在增加的航空器周转时间或者额外的安全预防措施或实现用于氢填充目的的考虑。因此，所描述的方案是固有地安全的和易于获得的，同时也易于集成，降低物流成本。本文所描述的各种实施例可以被单独地使用或者与彼此和其他商业方案结合。可以提供一个或者多个氢存储位置。也应当理解的是虽然关于用于燃料电池系统的氢的使用描述了系统，但是所描述的可移除氢存储并非专用于特定应用并且该类型的燃料(或者其他类型的燃料)的分散的存储的概念可以用于对其他航空器应用供电。
氢气网络与氧气网络比较，它们都需要安全规则和标准的建立。安装在航空器上的任何气瓶必须是合格的、认证的，并且获得DOT批准。指南SAE AIR6464提供了用于航空器燃料电池系统集成的建议。
用于氢的气体存储器是典型的气瓶，具有在约127巴至约700巴的范围或更高的压力。存在不同类型的气瓶，诸如类型1(金属)、类型2(具有金属线的环缠绕复合材料)、类型3(具有金属衬层的全缠绕复合材料)、和类型4(没有金属衬层的全缠绕复合材料)。本文所描述的实施例对于所有类型的气瓶以及可以在将来使用的气体存储容器是有用的。通常需要提供用于在乘客运输工具上的氢的任何存储方案被设计为安全的。因此，已经开发了下面的可移动氢存储网络系统。
图1图示了氢存储手推车10。该手推车10类似于通常用于在航空器上的食品和/或饮料存储和包办食品的手推车的类型。在该情况下，手推车车厢由氢存储区域12取代，其可以存放一个或者多个气瓶或任何其他类型的存储。快速接头14可以用于氢连接。
在备选的实施例中，如图2所示，存储可以被形成作为支架16。支架可以经由快速适配连接18被连接到氢网络。快速适配连接18可以被集成到支架16中以用于低的标准交换时间。支架可以被安装在加压或非加压区域。支架具有侧面和基底，并且也可以具有提供的可选的盖/顶。它可以被设计成基于待存放的氢气瓶的数目或者基于氢气瓶的变化的尺寸和/或形状工作。支架具有可以被快速地设置以将气瓶固定在合适位置的锁带。用于固定支架的其他可获得的选择包括但不限于锁定侧轨20、停靠点、固定的锁定点(诸如经典的螺丝固定)、或者快速适配停靠结构元件。这些特征也可以和本文所描述的实施例中的任何实施例一起使用。可以使用标准工具移除支架。
图3图示了进一步的实施例，其为嵌有氢存储区域24的航空货柜22。存储区域可以经由连接端口被连接到氢网络。该实施例可以能够比其他两个选择包括更大量的氢。任何或者所有这些选择可以被单独地使用或者与彼此结合使用。它们都被设计成总体从航空器可移除使得氢气瓶可以被移除并且在远离航空器的位置处再填充。因此，这些选择可以被提供有轮子或其他可移动结构元件，诸如手推车10上所示的轮子28、或滑动器、或滑行器。备选地，它们可以足够小以致能够经由手或者经由小铲车被举起和移除。通常，货柜可以被移除并且由标准机场处理材料取代，并且它们具有比一些其他选择更大的存储。货柜被固定在滑轨上，然后由集成航空器支架锁住。
用于氢存储系统的快速适配接头14可以用在这些实施例的任何实施例上，以便将氢气瓶连接到氢网络。接头14可以集成用于A/C通信的通信电缆，或者它可以使用远程通/断(ON/OFF)阀。其他连接器18、26可以具有快速键控适配或者它们可以包括不同尺寸以便避免非故意耦合到其他部件上。有可能提供多合一的连接器，或提供对氢存储系统特有的单独的连接器。图7示出了柱状的快速适配连接器，其具有即使连接器关于自己转向也能够使光信号保持远离的光学透镜。图8示出了快速适配连接器板的一个实施例，其不能关于自己转向并包括锁定功能。其他连接器是可能的，并且被认为在本发明的范围之内。还应该理解的是，任何连接器可以在本文所描述的存储方案中的任何方案上使用。
为了启动和/或关闭氢的输送，手动或远程关闭阀可以被安装在手推车、支架、和/或货柜系统内。如果手推车、支架、或货柜的阀中一个或者多个阀无意中被断开，该系统可以被自动关闭。
图4示出了用于氢航空器网络的示意图。一个或者多个燃料电池系统30和/或任何其他氢应用被连接到氢航空器网络。网络它们具有通向各种存储选择10、16、和/或22的导管32。这些氢存储选择可以位于航空器的加压和/或非加压区域。氢可以被存储在气态、液体和/或固体状态。
每个存储方法可以具有快速适配和移除方案，它们可以被实现在所有类型的航空器上和/或可以具有固有的安全性。例如，理想的是避免永久H2检测、集成调节器、和高压管道。相反，用于安全目的独立的系统是需要的。关闭阀可以是手动、远程、或者它可以是独立的关闭阀。如以上所讨论的那样，可以是快速键控适配或它可以具有与快速键控适配连接器不同的尺寸以便避免无意的耦合。
可以在不脱离本发明和下面的权利要求的范围或精神的情况下对上文阐述并且在附图中示出的结构和方法做出改变和修改、添加和删除。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于在航空器上使用的氢存储方案，包括：
一个或者多个氢存储结构元件，其被配置成从所述航空器可移除；以及
连接结构元件，允许所述氢被输送到在所述航空器上需要氢的系统。
2.根据权利要求1所述的氢存储方案，其中需要氢的所述系统之一是燃料电池系统。
3.根据权利要求1所述的氢存储方案，其中所述氢存储包括手推车、支架、或货柜。
4.根据权利要求1所述的氢存储方案，其中所述氢存储包括将所述氢连接到航空器系统的快速适配连接器。
5.根据权利要求4所述的氢存储方案，其中所述快速适配连接器包括柱状快速适配连接器或者平板快速适配连接器。
6.根据权利要求1所述的氢存储方案，其中从所述航空器可移除的所述氢存储结构元件具有固定使用中的所述航空器中的所述结构元件的锁定系统。
7.根据权利要求6所述的氢存储方案，其中所述锁定系统包括锁定带、滑轨、停靠点、螺丝固定、或快速适配停靠结构元件。
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