CN104483387A - TOFD check process for inner wall defects of nuclear power thick-wall austenite steel pipelines - Google Patents
TOFD check process for inner wall defects of nuclear power thick-wall austenite steel pipelines Download PDFInfo
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- CN104483387A CN104483387A CN201410839310.2A CN201410839310A CN104483387A CN 104483387 A CN104483387 A CN 104483387A CN 201410839310 A CN201410839310 A CN 201410839310A CN 104483387 A CN104483387 A CN 104483387A
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a TOFD check process for inner wall defects of nuclear power thick-wall austenite steel pipes. According to the TOFD check process, 10-degree probes are used; the control process comprises the following steps: 1) adjusting the distance between the probes to ensure that TOFD acoustic beams are focused at the inner wall of a pipeline; 2) adopting a relatively large probe diameter; 3) selecting a relatively low probe frequency; 4) respectively carrying out off-center parallel scanning on two sides of the weld joint; 5) processing the formed image according to a synthetic aperture focusing technology. According to the TOFD check process, 10-degree probes are used so that the signal attenuation is relatively small; a relatively large probe diameter is adopted so that benefit is brought to improve the measurement precision and resolution of the defects at the inner wall; a relatively low probe frequency is used so that the acoustic wave can achieve the inner wall without too large attenuation; off-center scanning is respectively carried out on two sides of the weld joint, so that the dead zones at the weld joint of the inner wall can be eliminated; the formed image is processed by a synthetic aperture focusing technology, so that the error can be reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the TOFD inspection process of the inner wall defect of a kind of nuclear power heavy wall austenitic steel pipeline butt-weld.
Background technology
Austenitic stainless steel main pipeline is the critical component of nuclear power station, and general requirements is very large, and duct thickness often reaches more than 65mm.Therefore, accurate inspection is carried out to the austenitic stainless steel main pipeline butt-weld of heavy wall like this and just seem particularly important.
But specify only detection method and the technique of the butt-weld of the grained material such as carbon steel or low alloy steel in domestic unique TOFD examination criteria NB/T47013.10-2010, do not make respective specified to coarse grain material, the butt-weld which results in the coarse grain materials such as current austenitic steel does not have when carrying out TOFD and detecting can the standard of foundation and characterization processes.
The present situation that nuclear power heavy wall austenitic steel pipeline inner wall defect is difficult to effectively inspection is caused by two reasons: the coarse grain of one austenitic stainless steel can cause the comparatively high attenuation of sound wave; Its two, larger wall thickness makes sonic transmissions distance increase, and acoustic attenuation is worsened further, clutter increases, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) reduces.Inwall is the maximum position of duct thickness, therefore checks difficulty also maximum.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of TOFD inspection process effectively can checking nuclear power heavy wall austenitic steel pipeline butt-weld inner wall defect.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of TOFD inspection process of nuclear power heavy wall austenitic steel pipeline inner wall defect, its gordian technique is: this inspection process adopts 10 ° of probes to detect the inner wall defect of nuclear power heavy wall austenitic steel pipeline butt-weld, and concrete technology during detection controls as follows:
1) probe spacing is regulated to make TOFD sound beam focusing at inner-walls of duct place, the computing formula of TOFD probe spacing:
(2)
In formula 2, θ is probe wedge angle, unit °;
PCS is TOFD probe spacing, mm;
D is the degree of depth of sound beam focusing point, mm;
If by TOFD sound beam focusing at inner-walls of duct place, thickness D being set to nuclear power heavy wall austenitic steel pipeline can obtain corresponding probe spacing;
2) larger probe diameter is adopted;
3) select lower frequency probe, adopt 2.25MHz frequency probe;
4) to the respectively once biased non-parallel scanning of described weld seam both sides;
5) synthetic aperture focusing technology is adopted to process to the image formed.
Described 10 ° of probes comprise organic glass wedge block and are located at the piezoelectric sensor on machine glass voussoir, the dip plane of described organic glass voussoir is provided with mounting hole, described piezoelectric sensor is threadedly connected on this mounting hole, couplant is provided with between described organic glass voussoir and mounting hole, described organic glass voussoir is provided with the blind hole be connected with scanning frame, and the dip plane of described organic glass voussoir and the angle α of surface level are 4.6 °.
Be with the beneficial effect that technique scheme produces: present invention employs 10 ° of probes, the decay of signal is smaller; Adopt larger probe diameter, such energy is more concentrated, is conducive to the measuring accuracy and the resolution that improve inwall place defect; Adopt lower frequency probe, for the inner wall defect of nuclear power with the butt-weld of heavy wall austenitic steel pipeline, the acting in conjunction of coarse grain material and larger sound path, needs lower frequency, and guarantee sound wave can arrive inwall and be unlikely to have too high attenuation; Butt welded seam both sides are once biased scanning respectively, because when TOFD detection technique detects bottom surface, can there is blind area, for this blind area, can adopt and respectively once be biased scanning in weld seam both sides, to eliminate the blind area of inwall commissure; Adopt synthetic aperture focusing technology to process to the image formed, in order to improve the dimensional measurement precision of inwall place (large sound path place) defect, adopting into after aperture focusing technology processes the image formed, can error be reduced.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of sound path with the change of TOFD probe wedge angle;
Fig. 2 diffraction wave amplitude is with angle change curve;
Fig. 3 is this TOFD10 ° of sonde configuration schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is artificial defective locations figure (pipeline end face) in pipeline;
Fig. 5 is artificial defective locations figure (pipeline axial section) in pipeline;
The Ф 3mm circular side holes design sketch at the nearly root place of Fig. 6 testing pipes of the present invention;
Fig. 7 the present invention detects inner wall defect design sketch;
Fig. 8 implements in NB/T47013.10 standard and detects inner wall defect design sketch to the regulation of grained material;
Wherein, the 1, first transmitting probe, the 2, second transmitting probe, the 3, second receiving transducer, the 4, first receiving transducer, 5, detection faces, 6, inner defect, 7, piezoelectric sensor, 8, organic glass voussoir, 9, couplant, 10, blind hole, 11, mounting hole.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention will be described in detail.
Characterization processes of the present invention controls as follows in detail:
1, probe wedge angle is adopted to be 10 °
As shown in Figure 1, the first transmitting probe 1 and the first receiving transducer 4 are arranged in defect symmetria bilateralis, the second transmitting probe 2 and the second receiving transducer 3 also like this; θ
1with θ
2for sound wave incident angle within the workpiece that is probe wedge angle; P
1+ P
2be angle be θ
1sound path, the P of sound wave
3+ P
4be angle be θ
2the sound path of sound wave.Clearly, θ
1> θ
2, θ
1the sound path of sound wave be greater than θ
2the sound path of sound wave.So check the TOFD of same defect, probe wedge angle is larger, and the sound path of sound wave is larger, then the decay of signal is also larger.Especially to coarse grain material, sound path increases can worsen acoustic attenuation more, therefore, should select low-angle probe voussoir as far as possible.The TOFD probe wedge angle of domestic and international routine is between 40 ° ~ 70 °, but all cannot meet the inspection to coarse grain material.
But TOFD pop one's head in voussoir be not can make arbitrarily angled, because what TOFD detected employing is diffraction sound wave, and the wave amplitude of diffraction sound wave with probe wedge angle change be inerratic, as shown in Figure 2, in detection workpiece, angle when defect end points diffraction wave amplitude is maximum is 65 °, and the signal of defect lower prong is slightly larger than the signal of upper prong, and between 45 ° to 80 °, amplitude change is all less than 6dB.When incident angle is 38 °, the diffracted signal amplitude of defect lower prong declines very large, but wave amplitude reaches again a high point 20 ° time.
As seen in Figure 2,10 ° of probe voussoirs are compared with minimum probe voussoir 40 ° of voussoirs of routine, and defect lower prong diffracted signal intensity is identical, and just defect upper prong diffracted signal amplitude is low.But in reality detects, defect upper prong also has stronger reflected signal except diffracted signal exists to be existed, and the actual defect upper prong signal intensity received of therefore popping one's head in can improve 6 ~ 10dB than in figure, and the part namely improved is the intensity of reflected signal.Therefore actually detect, the upper and lower most advanced and sophisticated signal intensity that 10 ° of probe voussoirs receive is substantially identical, is namely equal to the defect lower prong diffracted signal intensity of 40 ° of probes.
Therefore the present invention selects 10 ° of voussoirs of popping one's head in, that is sound wave incident angle is within the workpiece 10 °, then 10 ° of probe voussoir manufacturing process are as follows: TOFD probe is made up of piezoelectric sensor and voussoir (material is organic glass), sees Fig. 3.Detect, therefore according to refraction law formula because TOFD is compressional wave:
（1）
In formula 1,
α l organic glass,
α l steelbe respectively the incident angle in organic glass, steel, °; C
l organic glass, C
l steelbe respectively the longitudinal wave velocity in organic glass, steel, m/s.Because probe wedge angle of the present invention is 10 °, i.e. the incident angle α of compressional wave in steel
l steel=10 °, the velocity of propagation of compressional wave in organic glass is C
l organic glass=2730m/s, the velocity of propagation of compressional wave in steel is C
l steel=5900m/s, so can obtain according to formula (1),
α l organic glass=4.6 °, by the inclination angle of organic glass voussoir in Fig. 3
αbe processed as 4.6 °, the incident angle of compressional wave in steel that piezoelectric sensor produces just can reach 10 °.See accompanying drawing 3, the piezoelectric sensor 7 that described 10 ° of probes comprise organic glass wedge block 8 and are located on machine glass voussoir 8, the dip plane of described organic glass voussoir 8 is provided with mounting hole 11, described piezoelectric sensor 7 is threadedly connected on this mounting hole 11, couplant 9 is provided with between described organic glass voussoir 8 and mounting hole 11, described organic glass voussoir 8 is provided with the blind hole 10 be connected with scanning frame, and the dip plane of described organic glass voussoir 8 and the angle α of surface level are 4.6 °.
2, probe spacing is regulated to make TOFD sound beam focusing at inner-walls of duct place
By TOFD sound beam focusing at inner-walls of duct place, higher acoustic wave energy and defect resolution can be obtained, easily detect the less defect at inwall place.Adjustment TOFD probe spacing can realize the adjustment to sound beam focusing point, the computing formula of TOFD probe spacing:
（2）
In formula 2, θ is probe wedge angle (that is sound wave incident angle within the workpiece), °; PCS is TOFD probe spacing, mm; D is the degree of depth of sound beam focusing point, mm.If by TOFD sound beam focusing at inner-walls of duct place, thickness D being set to nuclear power heavy wall austenitic steel pipeline can obtain corresponding probe spacing.
3, larger probe diameter is adopted
The energy comparison that larger probe diameter produces is large, and larger acoustic wave energy can offset the acoustic attenuation that coarse-grain causes.The diffusibleness of the acoustic beam of larger-diameter probe generation is less simultaneously, and energy is more concentrated, is conducive to the measuring accuracy and the resolution that improve inwall place defect.
4, lower frequency probe is selected
For the inner wall defect of nuclear power with the butt-weld of heavy wall austenitic steel pipeline, the acting in conjunction of coarse grain material and larger sound path, needs lower frequency, and guarantee sound wave can arrive inwall and be unlikely to have too high attenuation.
5, butt welded seam both sides respectively once biased scanning
Because when TOFD detection technique detects bottom surface, blind area can be there is.For this blind area, can adopt and respectively once be biased scanning in weld seam both sides, to eliminate the blind area of inwall commissure.
6, synthetic aperture focusing technology is adopted to process to the image formed
In order to improve the dimensional measurement precision of inwall place (large sound path place) defect, adopt into aperture focusing technology to formed image process after, can error be reduced.
Here is a specific embodiment
Object of the present invention is exactly the optimization to heavy wall austenitic steel pipeline inner wall defect TOFD inspection process, improves testing accuracy.
Certain nuclear power station posted sides pipeline material is that Z3CN10.19(is equivalent to TP316L), belong to austenitic stainless steel, internal diameter is 698.5mm, and wall thickness is 80mm.At this pipeline, nearly root place machined 1 circular side holes, and inner-walls of duct machined 3 Linear cut grooves, and concrete condition is as shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 and table 1.
Artificial flaw size situation in table 1 pipeline
First, apply the present invention to detect defect 1 i.e. Ф 3mm circular side holes.Namely probe wedge angle is adopted to be 10 °; Regulate probe spacing PCS=24.7mm, make TOFD sound beam focusing at the dark Ф 3mm side opening place of 70mm; Adopt 12mm probe diameter; Select 2.25MHz frequency probe; Butt welded seam both sides are once biased non-parallel scanning respectively, and amount of bias is 10mm; Synthetic aperture focusing technology is adopted to process to the image formed.As shown in Figure 6, clearly can check out Ф 3mm round hole defect, the degree of depth is 68.7mm to testing result, and length is 25.6mm.Satisfied effect is all obtained in image definition, defect recognition, resolution and dimensional measurement precision.
Secondly, the present invention is adopted to detect 3 inner wall defects, namely probe wedge angle is adopted to be 10 °, regulate probe spacing PCS=28.2mm to make TOFD sound beam focusing at the inwall place of 80mm, adopt 12mm probe diameter, select 2.25MHz frequency probe, butt welded seam both sides are once biased non-parallel scanning respectively, amount of bias is 10mm, and adopt synthetic aperture focusing technology to process to the image formed, Detection results as shown in Figure 7; Implement in NB/T47013.10-2010 standard simultaneously and the regulation of grained material is also detected 3 inner wall defects, namely probe wedge angle is adopted to be 55 ° (they specify that this angle is for best), adjustment probe spacing PCS=228.5mm(is almost 10 times of sound path in present invention process) make TOFD sound beam focusing at the inwall place of 80mm, adopt 8mm probe diameter, select 5MHz frequency probe, Detection results as shown in Figure 8.
Can find out after contrast: in Fig. 7, have employed present invention process, 3 the inwall Linear cut grooves that can clearly check 2mm, 4mm, 6mm high, and satisfied Detection results is obtained in image definition, defect recognition, resolution and dimensional measurement precision etc.
In Fig. 8, to have employed in NB/T47013.10 standard to the regulation of grained material to detect this coarse grain material, due to sound path comparatively large (being almost 10 times of sound path in present invention process), decay especially severe, can find 2mm height inwall Linear cut groove detected at all less than, undetected.2 inwall Linear cut grooves that 4mm, 6mm are high can only be detected, and poor in sharpness and resolution.
Thus the advantage of checking the present invention in nuclear power station heavy wall austenitic steel pipeline butt-weld inner wall defect TOFD checks.Therefore, for the inner wall defect of nuclear power station heavy wall austenitic steel pipeline butt-weld, because material coarse grains adds wall thickness comparatively greatly, when carrying out TOFD inspection, should note:
The first, for reduction acoustic attenuation, improve measuring accuracy and improve the objects such as signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and consider, 10 ° of probes should be selected as far as possible.
The second, improve frequency and both can produce the beneficial effects such as resolution raising and signal energy increase, the not beneficial impacts such as signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) decline, decay increase and grain noise increase can be produced again.For coarse grained austenitic steel, the not beneficial impact that raising frequency produces is remarkable.Therefore, when practice examining nuclear power station heavy wall austenitic steel pipeline inner wall defect, meeting under certain depth resolution condition, selecting lower frequency as far as possible.
3rd, the energy comparison that larger probe diameter produces is large, and larger acoustic wave energy can offset the acoustic attenuation that coarse-grain causes.Add owing to detecting for inner wall defect in addition, surveyed area locks and does not need large-scale scanning, therefore larger acoustic beam diffusibleness is not needed, the diffusibleness of the acoustic beam that lucky large diameter probe produces is less, make energy more concentrated like this, be conducive to the measuring accuracy and the resolution that improve inwall place defect.Therefore, select larger probe diameter as far as possible.
Claims (2)
1. a nuclear power TOFD inspection process for heavy wall austenitic steel pipeline inner wall defect, is characterized in that: this inspection process adopts 10 ° of probes to detect the inner wall defect of nuclear power heavy wall austenitic steel pipeline butt-weld, and concrete technology during detection controls as follows:
1) probe spacing is regulated to make TOFD sound beam focusing at inner-walls of duct place, the computing formula of TOFD probe spacing:
(2)
In formula 2, θ is probe wedge angle, unit °;
PCS is TOFD probe spacing, mm;
D is the degree of depth of sound beam focusing point, mm;
If by TOFD sound beam focusing at inner-walls of duct place, thickness D being set to nuclear power heavy wall austenitic steel pipeline can obtain corresponding probe spacing;
2) adopt larger probe diameter, described probe wafer size is at 2mm ~ 20mm;
3) select lower frequency probe, frequency is 2MHz ~ 15MHz;
4) to the respectively once biased non-parallel scanning of described weld seam both sides;
5) synthetic aperture focusing technology is adopted to process to the image formed.
2. the TOFD inspection process of nuclear power heavy wall austenitic steel pipeline inner wall defect according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the piezoelectric sensor (7) that described 10 ° of probes comprise organic glass wedge block (8) and are located on machine glass voussoir (8), the dip plane of described organic glass voussoir (8) is provided with mounting hole (11), described piezoelectric sensor (7) is threadedly connected on this mounting hole (11), couplant (9) is provided with between described organic glass voussoir (8) and mounting hole (11), described organic glass voussoir (8) is provided with the blind hole (10) be connected with scanning frame, the described dip plane of organic glass voussoir (8) and the angle α of surface level are 4.6 °.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114062508A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-18 | 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 | Welding seam detection method |
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2014
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| JP2011149888A (en) * | 2010-01-25 | 2011-08-04 | Toden Kogyo Co Ltd | Compound-type ultrasonic probe, and ultrasonic flaw detection method by tofd method using the probe |
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