CN104479719B - Movable device and method for preparing liquid fuel by virtue of straw pyrolysis - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a mobile straw pyrolysis device and method for preparing fuel oil. The device includes a slanting plate collector (1), a biomass pulverizer (2), a dryer (3), a buffer storage tank (4), a biomass pyrolysis reactor (5), and a product cyclone wind separator (6) , rotary dust collector (7), condenser (8), product return device (9), flue gas return device (10), flue gas cyclone separator (11), tail gas treatment device (12), product oil Storage tank (13), integrated electronic front-end controller (14), feeding material and carrier gas supplier (15) and other units. The device system is loaded on a mobile vehicle and driven to the field to convert biomass into bio-oil that is convenient for transportation. Steam and pyrolysis steam can be dedusted and condensed to obtain high-quality bio-oil. The invention provides an effective way for preparing fuel oil from biomass at low cost.

Description

Apparatus and method for preparing liquid fuel by mobile straw pyrolysis

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of biomass pyrolysis, and relates to a method and a device for performing biomass pyrolysis during movement.

Background technique

In order to achieve sustainable development, since 2000, the Chinese government has been investing heavily in renewable energy and trying to reduce dependence on coal resources. In 2011, China became the country with the largest utilization of renewable energy, and biomass energy shows good application prospects due to its unique advantages. According to estimates by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, my country's straw production ranks first in the world, accounting for 18.83% of the global total straw production. However, the use of straw has the problems of high transportation and collection costs and low energy density of the resource itself. Therefore, most of the straw is discarded or directly burned in the field, which not only causes waste of energy, but also causes smog to a certain extent. and other environmental pollution issues.

At home and abroad, there have been many studies focusing on the conversion of biomass into fuel oil. However, most of the existing research results have problems such as complex structure, large floor area, poor maneuverability, and inflexibility to varying degrees, making it difficult to achieve future market applications, and in some key technologies (how to quickly condense oil vapor) , how to quickly remove ash, how to efficiently self-sufficient heat, etc.) has not yet completely broken through.

Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a mobile straw pyrolysis device for preparing liquid fuel, which can convert biomass into easily transportable liquid fuel and various by-products, make full use of straw resources, and improve the utilization efficiency of renewable energy.

Contents of the invention

Technical problem: The current technology can only pyrolyze straw with fixed or poorly mobile equipment to obtain liquid fuel, and the obtained liquid fuel contains more impurities. This type of process has disadvantages such as long processing cycle, large area occupied by equipment, high transportation cost and high investment cost. There is an urgent need to develop new technologies that have short processing cycles, good mobility, and the ability to prepare liquid fuels with higher purity.

Technical solution: In order to achieve the purpose of the above invention, the technical solution used is as follows: use a reactor in which a burner and a pyrolyzer are nested to catalyze and pyrolyze biomass, and condense the condensable vapor produced by the pyrolysis to prepare liquid fuel. The process can be realized on a mobile device, has a compact structure, a simple process, and a short processing period. The straw is pyrolyzed in a reactor, and the non-condensable steam can be recycled, and the product gas and flue gas can be fed back into the reactor, realizing the maximum utilization of energy and materials.

The mobile straw pyrolysis device for preparing liquid fuel of the present invention comprises:

Straw collection and front-end processing system I is used to collect the straws that have been harvested in the early stage from the farmland, and simultaneously crush and dry the straws;

Straw pyrolysis and product separation and collection system II is used to pyrolyze the straw particles treated by the straw collection and front-end treatment system I, and perform dust removal and condensation treatment on the generated product gas to finally obtain liquid fuel;

The mobile vehicle-mounted system III is used to carry the straw collection and front-end treatment system I and the straw pyrolysis and product separation collection system II, and realize the mobile function, so that the device has good mobility;

in:

Straw collection and front-end treatment system I includes a slant plate collector, a pulverizer, a dryer, and a buffer storage tank connected in series in sequence, wherein the slant plate collector slopes downward when stretched out, reaching a length that can contact the ground;

Straw pyrolysis and product separation and collection system II includes pyrolysis reactor, product cyclone separator, rotary dust collector, condenser, product return device, flue gas cyclone separator, flue gas return device, tail gas treatment device, Product storage tank, integrated electronic front-end controller, feed material and carrier gas supplier, wherein the inlet of the feed material and carrier gas supplier is connected to the outlet of the buffer storage tank, and the inlet of the pyrolysis reactor is connected to the feed material and carrier gas supplier The outlet of the pyrolysis reactor is connected with the product gas outlet of the product cyclone wind separator, the product gas outlet of the product cyclone wind separator is connected with the rotary dust collector, the outlet of the rotary dust collector is connected with the condenser, and the product outlet of the condenser is connected with the The product storage tank is connected, the oil inlet at the lower part of the product storage tank is the liquid fuel outlet, the upper outlet of the product storage tank is the non-condensable gas outlet; the lower outlet of the product cyclone separator is connected with the product return device; the pyrolysis reactor smoke The gas outlet is connected to the flue gas cyclone separator, the upper outlet of the flue gas cyclone separator is connected to the tail gas treatment device, the lower outlet of the flue gas cyclone separator is connected to the flue gas return device, and the outlet of the flue gas return device is connected to the pyrolysis reactor. The flue gas return port is connected, and the integrated electronic front-end controller controls the inclined plate collector, pulverizer, dryer, pyrolysis reactor, rotary dust collector, condenser, and tail gas treatment device respectively.

The pyrolysis reactor is divided into a combustion bed and a pyrolysis bed, a guide pipe connecting the combustion bed and the pyrolysis bed is arranged in the reactor, the guide pipe is inserted into the combustion bed, and the guide pipe is grooved at the bottom of the combustion bed, and the combustion bed is connected to the pyrolysis bed. The guide pipe forms an annular material leg; the outlet of the pyrolysis bed is provided with a product cyclone separator, and the standpipe between it and the product returner forms a particle seal during operation to prevent the combustion gas and pyrolysis gas from intermingling.

The shape of the rotary dust collector is a cylinder, and the interior is covered with small channels from bottom to top, and rotates under the drive of the motor. When the pyrolysis gas enters the small channels of the rotary dust collector, due to the action of force, the dust falls , is cleared out of the dust collector through the bottom bucket, and the pyrolysis gas leaves the rotary dust collector from the upper outlet.

The mobile vehicle-mounted system III is a vehicle-mounted device. The chassis is supported by wheels and shafts. The chassis is equipped with various components of the straw collection and front-end processing system I and the straw pyrolysis and product separation collection system II. The front end of the chassis is connected to the board The retractable sloping plate collector, after the plate body is stretched, slopes downward to the length that can contact the ground.

The method for preparing liquid fuel by mobile straw pyrolysis of the present invention is as follows:

Put straw and other biomass in a pyrolysis reactor under the action of an inert bed material for rapid heating to 500-600°C to generate pyrolysis steam, and the product gas can be dedusted and condensed to obtain high-quality bio-oil, smoke The particles entrained in the gas are all returned to the combustion bed after separation to realize recycling; the specific steps are as follows:

First, the straw particles processed by the straw collection and front-end treatment system I are added to the feed material and carrier gas supplier, and the straw particles are driven by the carrier gas, and they are added to the pyrolysis reactor from the bottom. ℃ and inert bed material for pyrolysis; the product gas passes through the product gas outlet of the pyrolysis reactor to the product cyclone separator, and the gas from the product cyclone separator is dedusted by the rotary dust collector, and the particles entrained by the product gas are removed It is further removed, and then condensed by the condenser to obtain liquid fuel, which flows to the product storage tank for storage as bio-oil, and can be obtained at the lower oil intake opening; part of the non-condensable gas enters the feed and carrier gas supplier as carrier gas, and part of it It can be used again in the pyrolysis reactor; the bed material and coke entrained in the product gas are separated into the product feeder, and then fed back to the pyrolysis reactor;

The flue gas passes through the flue gas outlet of the pyrolysis reactor and leads to the flue gas cyclone separator. After the dust removal of the cyclone separator removes most of the particles, the gas enters the tail gas treatment device from the upper outlet, and the particulate matter enters the flue gas return device through the lower outlet. , and finally return to the combustion bed for recycling;

The integrated electronic front-end controller controls the expansion and contraction of the inclined plate collector, the motor switch and speed of the pulverizer and the rotary dust collector, and the flow of gas and liquid substances in the dryer, pyrolysis reactor, condenser and tail gas treatment device. Changes in flow rate, temperature, pressure and composition.

Beneficial effects: the device and method of the present invention have the following characteristics and advantages: the purpose of compact structure is realized by utilizing the special structure reactor of the pyrolysis zone nested in the combustion zone. The straw is decomposed into liquid fuel, and the recycling of non-condensable product gas and high-temperature inert materials is realized. Due to its compact and simple structure, it brings convenience to its mobility. After being mounted on a mobile vehicle system, it can realize the on-site collection and transformation of straw, effectively shortening the production cycle and reducing transportation costs. The recycling of product gas and high-temperature inert materials effectively reduces the content of nitrogen in the product gas and reduces the waste of raw materials.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the method and device for preparing liquid fuel by mobile stalk pyrolysis of the present invention, wherein:

Inclined plate collector 1, pulverizer 2, dryer 3, buffer storage tank 4, pyrolysis reactor 5, product cyclone separator 6, rotary dust collector 7, condenser 8, product return device 9, flue gas Cyclone separator 10, flue gas return device 11, tail gas treatment device 12, product storage tank 13, integrated electronic front-end controller 14, feed material and carrier gas supplier 15.

detailed description

The present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The invention provides a mobile straw pyrolysis method and device for preparing liquid fuel. The method includes the following steps: first, the straw is collected by a slant plate collector and pulverized, and after drying, it enters a buffer storage tank, and is evenly driven by a carrier gas to enter the pyrolysis reactor from the bottom of the pyrolysis reactor, and the generated product gas can be divided into two parts: Condensable steam and non-condensable steam. The condensable steam enters the condensation pipe after being dedusted by the rotary dust collector, and the liquid fuel is obtained after condensation; part of the non-condensable steam enters the feed material and carrier gas supplier and is used as a carrier gas, and part of it enters the reaction again. recycling in the container. The high-temperature inert materials in the combustion zone, the product return and the flue gas return are all recycled, and the heat of the flue gas enters the dryer to dry the straw particles. The device includes inclined plate collector, pulverizer, dryer, buffer storage tank, pyrolysis reactor, product cyclone separator, rotary dust collector, condenser, product return device, flue gas cyclone separator, flue gas Recycler, exhaust gas treatment device, product storage tank, integrated electronic front-end controller, feed material and carrier gas supplier.

The invention provides a mobile straw pyrolysis method and device for preparing liquid fuel. The method includes the following steps: first, the straw is collected by a slant plate collector and pulverized, and after drying, it enters a buffer storage tank, and is evenly driven by a carrier gas to enter the pyrolysis reactor from the bottom of the pyrolysis reactor, and the generated product gas can be divided into two parts: Condensable steam and non-condensable steam. The condensable steam enters the condensation pipe after being dedusted by the rotary dust collector, and the liquid fuel is obtained after condensation; part of the non-condensable steam enters the feed material and carrier gas supplier and is used as a carrier gas, and part of it enters the reaction again. recycling in the container. The high-temperature inert materials in the combustion zone, the product return and the flue gas return are all recycled, and the heat of the flue gas enters the dryer to dry the straw particles. The method includes a straw collection and front-end treatment system, a straw pyrolysis and product separation and collection system, and a mobile vehicle-mounted system. In the inclined plate collector, pulverizer, dryer, buffer storage tank, pyrolysis reactor, product cyclone separator, rotary dust collector, condenser, product return device, flue gas cyclone separator, flue gas return It is realized on a complete set of devices such as device, tail gas treatment device, product storage tank, integrated electronic front-end controller, feed material and carrier gas supplier.

The straw collection and front-end processing system I is composed of a slant plate collector, a pulverizer, a dryer, and a buffer storage tank. After the straw raw material is collected by the slant plate collector, it is processed into straw particles by a pulverizer, and the straw particles are removed by the dryer. The moisture is finally stored in the buffer storage. It is used in preparation for straw pyrolysis and product separation and collection system II.

Straw pyrolysis and product separation and collection system II consists of pyrolysis reactor, product cyclone separator, rotary dust collector, condenser, product return device, flue gas cyclone separator, flue gas return device, tail gas treatment device, Composed of product storage tank, integrated electronic front-end controller, feeding material and carrier gas supplier. The straw particles are pyrolyzed in the reactor, and the generated product gas is divided into condensable steam and non-condensable steam. The feeding material and carrier gas supplier are used as carrier gas, and part of it enters the reactor again for recycling. Maximize the use of energy and materials.

Referring to FIG. 1 , the mobile straw pyrolysis method and device for preparing liquid fuel provided by the present invention are described.

Straw collection and front-end treatment system I is used to collect and crush the straw in the field to remove water and store it as a supply of pyrolysis raw materials;

The straw pyrolysis and product separation and collection system II is used to pyrolyze the straw raw materials stored in the straw collection and front-end treatment system I to prepare liquid fuel;

The mobile vehicle-mounted system III is used to carry the straw collection and front-end treatment system I and the straw pyrolysis and product separation collection system II to achieve mobility.

First, the straw is collected and pulverized by a slant plate collector. After drying, it enters the buffer storage tank and is evenly added from the bottom of the reactor driven by the carrier gas. It is pyrolyzed to generate steam at 550°C, normal pressure and ultra-high heating rate. After dust removal, the vapor is condensed and the liquid fuel flows into the product storage tank. Part of the non-condensable vapor enters the feed and carrier gas supplier and is used as carrier gas, and part of it enters the reactor again for recycling. The high-temperature inert material transfers the heat from the combustion zone to the middle pyrolysis zone by means of particle circulation, and the products and the remaining usable materials in the flue gas all enter the pyrolysis reactor again through the cyclone separator and the feeder.

The straw collection and front-end processing system I includes a slant plate collector 1, a pulverizer 2, a dryer 3, and a buffer storage tank 4, wherein the slant plate collector 1 is connected to the pulverizer 2, and the outlet of the pulverizer 2 is connected to the dryer 3, and the drying The outlet of device 3 is connected with buffer storage tank 4;

Straw collection and front-end processing system I includes a slant plate collector 1, a pulverizer 2, a dryer 3, and a buffer storage tank 4, wherein the lower end of the slant plate collector 1 is in contact with the ground, and the upper outlet of the slant plate collector 1 is connected to the pulverizer 2 , the outlet of the pulverizer 2 is connected with the dryer 3, and the outlet of the dryer 3 is connected with the buffer storage tank 4;

Straw pyrolysis and product separation and collection system II includes pyrolysis reactor 5, product cyclone separator 6, rotary dust collector 7, condenser 8, product return device 9, flue gas cyclone separator 10, flue gas return Device 11, tail gas treatment device 12, product storage tank 13, integrated electronic front-end controller 14, feed material and carrier gas supplier 15, wherein the inlet of feed material and carrier gas supplier 15 is connected with the outlet of buffer storage tank 4, pyrolysis The feed port of the reactor 5 is connected to the feed material and carrier gas supplier 15, the product gas outlet of the pyrolysis reactor 5 is connected to the product cyclone separator 6, and the product gas outlet of the product cyclone separator 6 is connected to the rotary dust collector 7 The outlet of the rotary dust collector 7 is connected to the condenser 8, the product outlet of the condenser 8 is connected to the product storage tank 13, the oil inlet of the product storage tank 13 is the liquid fuel outlet, and the upper outlet of the product storage tank 13 is non-condensable Gas outlet; the lower outlet of the product cyclone separator 6 is connected to the product feeder 9; the flue gas outlet of the pyrolysis reactor 5 is connected to the flue gas cyclone separator 10, and the upper outlet of the flue gas cyclone separator 10 is connected to the tail gas treatment device 12 , the lower outlet of the flue gas cyclone separator 10 is connected to the flue gas return device 11, the outlet of the flue gas return device 11 is connected to the flue gas return port of the pyrolysis reactor 5, and the integrated electronic front-end controller 14 is connected to the slant plate type collector Device 1, pulverizer 2, dryer 3, pyrolysis reactor 5, rotary dust collector 7, condenser 8, and tail gas treatment device 12 are connected;

The mobile vehicle-mounted system III includes wheels, axles, chassis, external vehicle attachments, and power units. The wheels, axles, and chassis are assembled into a mobile trolley, which is connected to the external vehicle attachments and power units.

Straw pyrolysis and product separation and collection system II, the pressure is normal pressure, ultra-high heating rate, ultra-short product residence time, moderate temperature.

The present invention also provides a mobile method for preparing liquid fuel by pyrolysis of straw, which includes the following steps: firstly collect and process straw, then pyrolyze it, condense condensable vapor after dust removal to prepare liquid fuel, and then convert non-condensable The steam cycle is used as feed carrier gas or passed to the reactor for recycling.

The method includes the following steps: first, the straw is collected by a slant plate collector and crushed, and after drying, it enters the buffer storage tank, and is evenly added from the bottom of the reactor driven by the carrier gas. Pyrolysis produces steam, after cyclone separation and dust removal, the organic vapor is condensed, and the liquid fuel flows into the product storage tank. Part of the non-condensable vapor is used as carrier gas, and part of it is passed back to the pyrolysis reactor for recycling. The high temperature inert material in the combustion zone surrounding the pyrolysis zone transfers the heat from the combustion zone to the intermediate pyrolysis zone through particle circulation.

The product return material separated by the product cyclone separator flows into the product return device, and all returns to the combustion zone for recycling.

The product return material separated by the flue gas cyclone separator flows into the product return device, and all returns to the combustion zone for recycling. The separated tail gas can be transferred to the dryer to dry the straw.

In this example, the straw raw material can be collected directly from the field by a mobile collection device, crushed into straw particles with a diameter of 3 cm after preliminary treatment at the front end, and then enter the buffer storage tank after drying treatment, and enter the pyrolysis reaction driven by the carrier gas Device: Pyrolysis generates steam at 550°C under normal pressure and ultra-high heating rate. The residual semi-coke and inert bed material are inertially separated in the pyrolysis bed, and then enter the combustion bed again to form an internal circulation of particles; the pyrolysis steam passes through the rotary After dedusting, the dust collector condenses, and the liquid fuel enters the product storage tank; part of the non-condensable vapor generated by the pyrolysis of straw particles enters the feed material and carrier gas supplier for use as carrier gas, and the other part passes into the pyrolysis reactor for recycling. The remaining usable materials in the product gas and flue gas all enter the pyrolysis reactor again through their respective feeders, and the recycling of the entire pyrolysis process is realized through the above process. Then the whole set of pyrolysis equipment is reasonably placed on the collection vehicle with good mobility, which greatly enhances the practicability of the equipment.

The above method is only a more ideal embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but all equivalent modifications or changes made by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the content disclosed in the present invention should be included in the rights. within the scope of protection stated in the claim.

Claims (2)

1. A device for preparing liquid fuel by pyrolysis of mobile stalks, characterized in that: the device includes: Straw collection and front-end processing system I is used to collect the straws that have been harvested in the early stage from the farmland, and simultaneously crush and dry the straws; Straw pyrolysis and product separation and collection system II is used to pyrolyze the straw particles treated by the straw collection and front-end treatment system I, and perform dust removal and condensation treatment on the generated product gas to finally obtain liquid fuel; The mobile vehicle-mounted system III is used to carry the straw collection and front-end treatment system I and the straw pyrolysis and product separation collection system II, and realize the mobile function, so that the device has good mobility; in: Straw collection and front-end treatment system I includes a slant plate collector (1), a pulverizer (2), a dryer (3), and a buffer storage tank (4) connected in series in sequence, wherein the slant plate collector (1) is stretched When tilting downward, reach the length that can contact with the ground; Straw pyrolysis and product separation and collection system II includes pyrolysis reactor (5), product cyclone separator (6), rotary dust collector (7), condenser (8), product return device (9), smoke Cyclone separator (10), flue gas return device (11), tail gas treatment device (12), product storage tank (13), integrated electronic front-end controller (14), feed material and carrier gas supplier (15) , wherein the inlet of the feed and carrier gas supplier (15) is connected with the outlet of the buffer storage tank (4), the feed inlet of the pyrolysis reactor (5) is connected with the outlet of the feed and carrier gas supplier (15), and the thermal The product gas outlet of the hydrolysis reactor (5) is connected with the product cyclone wind separator (6), and the product gas outlet of the product cyclone wind separator (6) is connected with the rotary dust collector (7), and the rotary dust collector (7) outlet It is connected with the condenser (8), and the product outlet of the condenser (8) is connected with the product storage tank (13). It is the non-condensable gas outlet; the lower outlet of the product cyclone wind separator (6) is connected to the product return device (9); the flue gas outlet of the pyrolysis reactor (5) is connected to the flue gas cyclone separator (10), and the flue gas cyclone The upper outlet of the separator (10) is connected to the tail gas treatment device (12), the lower outlet of the flue gas cyclone separator (10) is connected to the flue gas return device (11), and the outlet of the flue gas return device (11) is connected to the pyrolysis reaction connected to the flue gas return port of the device (5), and the integrated electronic front-end controller (14) respectively controls the inclined plate collector (1), the pulverizer (2), the dryer (3), and the pyrolysis reactor (5) , rotary dust collector (7), condenser (8), tail gas treatment device (12); Described pyrolysis reactor (5) is divided into combustion bed and pyrolysis bed, and the guide tube that connects combustion bed and pyrolysis bed is set in the reactor, and guide tube is inserted in the combustion bed, guide tube grooves at the bottom of combustion bed, The combustion bed and the guide pipe form an annular material leg; the outlet of the pyrolysis bed is provided with a product cyclone separator (6), and the standpipe between it and the product feeder (9) forms a particle seal during operation to prevent combustion gas and Interconnection of pyrolysis gas; The shape of the rotary dust collector (7) is a cylinder, and the inside is covered with small passages from bottom to top, and rotates under the drive of the motor. When the pyrolysis gas enters the small passages of the rotary dust collector (7), due to Due to the action of the force, the dust falls and is cleared out of the dust collector through the bottom bucket, and the pyrolysis gas leaves the rotary dust collector (7) from the upper outlet; The mobile vehicle-mounted system III is a vehicle-mounted device. The chassis is supported by wheels and shafts. The chassis is equipped with various components of the straw collection and front-end processing system I and the straw pyrolysis and product separation collection system II. The front end of the chassis is connected to the board In the telescopic sloping plate collector (1), after the plate body is stretched, it inclines downward to a length that can be in contact with the ground. 2. A straw pyrolysis preparation method of the device for preparing liquid fuel by mobile straw pyrolysis as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, the method puts biomass such as straws into pyrolysis reaction under the action of inert bed material Rapid heating in the device to 500-600 ° C pyrolysis to generate pyrolysis steam, the product gas is dedusted and condensed to obtain high-quality bio-oil, and the particles entrained in the flue gas are separated and returned to the combustion bed to realize recycling; Specifically include the following steps: First, the straw particles processed by the straw collection and front-end processing system I are added to the feed material and carrier gas supplier (15), and the carrier gas drives the straw particles into the pyrolysis reactor (5) from the bottom. , the temperature is 500-600 ℃ and the pyrolysis is carried out under the action of inert bed material; the product gas passes through the pyrolysis reactor (5) and the product gas outlet leads to the product cyclone separator (6), and the product cyclone separator (6) comes out The gas is dedusted by the rotary dust collector (7), the particles entrained by the product gas are further removed, and then condensed by the condenser (8) to obtain liquid fuel, which flows to the product storage tank (13) and is stored as bio-oil, and can be stored in the lower part Obtained from the oil-taking opening; part of the non-condensable gas enters the feed material and carrier gas supplier (15) as carrier gas, and part of it can enter the pyrolysis reactor (5) again for use; the bed material and coke entrained in the product gas The solid phase materialization is separated into the product feeder (9), and then fed back to the pyrolysis reactor (5); The flue gas passes through the flue gas outlet of the pyrolysis reactor (5) and leads to the flue gas cyclone separator (10). After the dust removal of the cyclone separator removes most of the particles, the gas enters the tail gas treatment device (12) from the upper outlet, and the particulate matter Enter the flue gas return device (11) through the lower outlet, and finally return to the combustion bed to realize recycling; The integrated electronic front-end controller (14) controls the expansion and contraction of the inclined plate collector (1), the motor switch and speed of the pulverizer (2), the rotary dust collector (7), and the dryer (3), pyrolysis Changes in the flow rate, temperature, pressure and composition of gas and liquid substances in the reactor (5), condenser (8), and tail gas treatment device (12).