CN104475433A - Harmless control and resource recovery method of lands polluted by heavy metals - Google Patents
Harmless control and resource recovery method of lands polluted by heavy metals Download PDFInfo
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- CN104475433A CN104475433A CN201410661499.0A CN201410661499A CN104475433A CN 104475433 A CN104475433 A CN 104475433A CN 201410661499 A CN201410661499 A CN 201410661499A CN 104475433 A CN104475433 A CN 104475433A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a harmless control and resource recovery method of lands polluted by heavy metals and belongs to the field of environment pollution control. The harmless control and resource recovery method comprises the following steps: establishing an anti-leakage type polluted soil landfill dam; excavating polluted soil on the polluted lands and feeding the polluted soil to the landfill dam; planting heavy-metal-resistant plants on the fed landfill dam; harvesting the plants, and carrying out biomass fermentation to produce gas; collecting residual liquor and residual slag after biological fermentation; smelting metal by using residual liquor and residual slag after biological fermentation; and recovering the heavy metals. The harmless control and resource recovery method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the difficulty of heavy-metal pollution control in the soil can be effectively solved, the properties of the soil can be improved and a heavy-metal resource can be recovered and utilized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the reparation of Heavy Metals In Environment, and the recycling etc. of Metals in Environments element, be specifically related to a kind of heavy metal pollution soil innoxious governance and its recovery method as resource.
Background technology
Soil is the most basic material base that the mankind depend on for existence.But along with continuous growth and the economic development of population, the pollution in three industrial wastes and mining area, has a considerable amount of soil quality increasingly to decline.Wherein, the gesture of increase is year by year had by the soil erosion of heavy metal pollution.Waste gas, waste water and waste residue that the industrial and mining enterprises such as mainly dig up mine in the source of heavy metal pollution, smelting discharge, the burning of the fossil fuel such as coal and oil and the excessive use of agriculture chemical, wherein mainly comprise Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni and metalloid As etc.
Mercury: the mercury pollution of soil mainly come from pollute irrigate, the discharge of coal-fired, mercury smeltery and mercurial factory (instrument, electrically, chlorine industry).As the thermo-power station of 700 megawatts, mercury 215 kilograms can be discharged every day, estimate within 1 year, just have about 3000 tons by the mercury that the whole world is only discharged in air by fire coal.The application of mercurous pigment, the factory of making raw material of mercury, using etc. of mercurous agricultural chemicals are also important mercury pollution sources.Mercury to enter after soil more than 95% can rapidly by soil sticking or fixing, this mainly soil clay mineral and organicly have strong suction-operated, therefore mercury is easily in top layer accumulation, and successively decreases along the depth vertical distribution of soil.The existing forms of mercury in soils has mercury metal, inorganic states and organic, and mutually transforms under certain condition.
Cadmium: cadmium is mainly derived from cadmium ore deposit, smeltery.Because of cadmium and zinc of the same clan, normal with zinc symbiosis, so must ZnO, CdO be had, their high volatilities in the emission of smelting zinc, thousands of rice can be involved far away centered by pollution sources.Cadmium industrial wastewater irrigated farmland is also the important sources of cadmium pollution.Cadmium is by adsorption by soil, and generally accumulate at the soil horizon of 0-15cm, below 15cm content significantly reduces.Cadmium in soil exists with the form of CdCO3, Cd (PO4) 2 and Cd (OH) 2, wherein based on CdCO3, especially in the calacareous soil of PH> 7, the form of the cadmium in soil can be divided into can to state and replacement state, they are easy to Transport And Transformation, and can be absorbed by plants, and solvent cadmium is not accumulated in soil, not easily be absorbed by plants, but can transform mutually with both changes of environmental condition.
Plumbous: lead is the more general element of soil pollution.Pollution sources, mainly from adding anti-knock agent alkyl lead in gasoline, contain a large amount of plumbous, in the soil descended slowly and lightly within the scope of both sides of highway hundreds of meters in the tail gas after gasoline combustion.Mining, metal smelt, burning of coal etc. are also important pollution sources in addition.Near mine, smeltery, soil lead tolerance is up to more than 1500cm/kg.Along with the fast development of township enterprise of China, the lead in " three wastes " also enters farmland in a large number, and the lead generally entered in soil is easily combined with organic matter in soil, and not soluble, Pb in Soil finds mostly at topsoil, and table soil is plumbous to be moved down hardly in soil.
Chromium: the pollution sources mainly chromium plating, leather-making waste water, chromium slag etc. of chromium.Chromium mainly contains two kinds of valence state: Cr6+ and Cr3+ in soil.Mainly exist with trivalent chromium compound in soil, after they enter soil, more than 90% is fixed by adsorption by soil rapidly, is difficult to move in soil again.Cr6+ is very stable, and toxicity is large, and it poisons larger than Cr3+ 100 times of degree.Cr3+ is then on the contrary, and Cr3+ is mainly present in soil and sediment.Soil colloid has strong suction-operated to trivalent chromium, and strengthens with the rising of PH.Soil is lower to chromic absorption crystallized ability, only has 8.5%-36.2%.But in normal soil, the chromic content of solubility is very little, this is because the Cr VI entered in soil is easy to be reduced into trivalent chromium, this wherein, organic matter plays an important role, and this reduction reduces along with the rising of PH.It should be noted that experiment proves, under the condition of PH 6.5-8.5, the trivalent chromium of soil can be oxidized to Cr VI, meanwhile, there is manganese oxide trivalent chromium oxidation also can be made to become Cr VI in soil, therefore, trivalent chromium conversion becomes chromic potential hazard can not be ignored.
Arsenic: arsenic in soil pollutes mainly from atmospheric falling dust, mine tailing and contain arsenic agricultural chemicals, and fire coal is the main source of arsenic in air.Usual arsenic concentrates on topsoil about 10cm, only have in some cases can drip washing to darker soil layer, slightly can increase the mobility of arsenic as executed phosphate fertilizer.The form of Arsenic in Soil presses the difficulty or ease division of plant absorption, and generally can be divided into water-soluble arsenic, adsorptivity arsenic and slightly solubility arsenic, usually water-soluble arsenic, adsorptivity arsenic being generically and collectively referred to as to property arsenic, is the part that can be absorbed and used by plants.Arsenic in Soil major part for colloid absorbing or and organic matter complexing---chelating or equally with phosphorus to combine with Iron in Soil, aluminium, calcium ion, formation insoluble compound, or occur coprecipitated with the hydroxide such as iron, aluminium.PH and EH value affects the absorption of soil to arsenic, and pH value is high, and arsenic in soil adsorbance reduces and water-soluble arsenic increases; Under oxidative conditions, major part is arsenic acid to soil, and arsenic acid is easily adsorbed by colloid, and increases the solid arsenic amount of soil.Reduce with EH, arsenic acid is converted into arsenious acid, can promote the solubility of arsenic, increases arsenic evil.
Heavy metal pollution of soil finally can be detrimental to health through media such as water, air, plants.More seriously this pollution has the feature of chronicity, disguise and irreversibility.Therefore, seek to alleviate or solve this type of way polluted and become the thorny problem of global concern.It is change the existing forms of heavy metal in soil that the approach of improvement heavy metal pollution of soil mainly contains two kinds: one, makes it change stable state into by activated state; Two is removal heavy metals from soil, with make its retain concentration close to or reach background value.Current, the method for restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal mainly contains Physical, chemical method and bioanalysis.Physical and chemical method often need the original structure changing soil, and spoiled soil is ecological, spends a large amount of manpower and financial resources, and likely can cause " secondary pollution ".And as the phytoremediation technology of bioanalysis model, there is irreplaceable advantage, governance process is less to original soil disturbance, the heavy metal even removed wherein can be reduced gradually, and with low cost, be real " green safety " and the method that can treat both principal and secondary aspect of disease.But the outstanding shortcoming one of bioanalysis is using land very long (several years to the more than ten years) consuming time at present, and land development etc. do not rise; Two is that heavy metal resources can not get recycling.
Along with the quick propelling of China's urbanization, many have the enterprise of heavy metal pollution be located in urban district face resettlement transformation, and the soil that soars after resettlement has been subject to heavy metal pollution because of needs improvement and can not be developed as commercial use immediately, the in short supply improvement with land pollution of urban developing landuse can not be satisfactory to both parties.
For contaminated soil, its soil horizon generally remains with industry, contaminated soil to refer on contaminated ground harmful, the soil removed must be dug out; Before the contaminated soil of normal use, need the contaminated soil scooped away on it, after environmental judgment, normally could use soil.
In addition, the residual waste residue after mineral smelting contains a large amount of heavy metal component, and to process these waste residues be often that a very large cost drops into enterprise, and often causes secondary environmental pollution.
Meanwhile, in the dewatered sludge of existing municipal wastewater pipeline and sewage treatment plant, its sludge components is complicated, and containing heavy metal, processing cost is high, and is difficult to thoroughly dispose.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of heavy metal pollution soil innoxious governance and its recovery method as resource, effectively solve a difficult problem for heavy metal in soil pollution control, improve soil function, recycle heavy metal resources.
For realizing above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of heavy metal pollution soil innoxious governance and its recovery method as resource, and it is characterized in that, it comprises the following steps:
Set up Anti-leakage contaminated soil landfill dam (101);
Contaminated land excavates polluted soil and is filled into landfill dam (102);
Landfill dam after filling is planted heavy metal tolerate plant (103);
Harvesting plant carries out biomass ferment production combustion gas (104);
Raffinate, residue (105) after collection of biological fermentation;
Raffinate, residue metal smelting (106) after biofermentation;
Reclaim heavy metal (107).
Further, contaminated land excavates polluted soil and is filled into landfill dam (102) and in the excavation hollow place that formed, the fresh soil (7) of excavation that backfill excavation landfill dam produces; Namely it is further comprising the steps of, and the fresh soil backfill Polluted Soil on excavation landfill dam is located in (111).
Further, contaminated land excavates polluted soil be filled into landfill dam (102) and formed excavation hollow place in, backfill harmless architecture sediment (8); Namely it is further comprising the steps of, builds harmless dregs backfill Polluted Soil and is located in (110).
Further, by the remnants after raffinate, residue metal smelting (106) after biofermentation, be applied to plant (109) using residual for smelting as fertilizer.
Further, collect municipal sludge and be applied to plant (108) as fertilizer.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, by after contaminated for urban district soil outward transport, contaminated by heavy metals soil, urban district can be developed in time, and the hidden danger that heavy metal free pollutes.
2, heavy-metal contaminated soil is displaced in antiseep landfill dam, outer suburbs, and plants the tolerance of high yield dense planting heavy metal above and adsorb plant with super accumulation, and can keep water and soil in landfill dam, heavy metal secondary pollution can not occur.
3, heavy metal tolerance is adsorbed plant can adsorb heavy metal in soil with super accumulation, and can stablize and reduce the activity of heavy metal in soil, its huge root system and huge surface area can also filter absorption, enrichment Heavy Metals in Waters element.
4, continuous harvesting tolerates with plantation heavy metal and surpasses to accumulate and adsorbs plant, and the heavy metal concentration in soil constantly reduces, also for biological fuel gas project provides raw material endlessly.
5, adopt biological fermentation process, heavy metal can not be fermented, and is retained in fermentation raffinate residue.Owing to plant not being made fuel particle, avoid heavy metal and can evaporate into secondary pollution in air by the burning of fuel particle.
6, the raffinate residue that ferments extracts heavy metal reuse by Physical Metallurgy method, and residue is the fertilizer of fertilizer for landfill dam plant; Owing to not taking chemical method, the extraction of heavy metal does not have secondary pollution.
7, the biological fuel gas that the energy of Physical Metallurgy method heavy metal distill equipment can be produced by project oneself provides.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is Remediation of Contaminated Soil frame assumption diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of Remediation of Contaminated Soil of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the another kind of preferred Remediation of Contaminated Soil frame assumption diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of the another kind of preferred Remediation of Contaminated Soil of the present invention.
Numerical reference described in figure is expressed as: 1, polluted soil; 2, landfill dam; 3, heavy metal tolerate plant; 4, biomass ferment Fuel Gas Plant; 5, fermentation is remaining; 6, metal smelting equipment; 7, the fresh soil of excavation; 8, harmless architecture sediment; 9, heavy metal; 10, municipal sludge.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make those skilled in the art understand technical scheme of the present invention better, describe the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the description of this part is only exemplary and explanatory, should not have any restriction to protection scope of the present invention.
Be illustrated in figure 1 Remediation of Contaminated Soil frame assumption diagram of the present invention.The contaminated soil 1 in contaminated soil is excavated outward transport, be filled into the Anti-leakage landfill dam 2 excavating and establish, and then on landfill dam 2, plant heavy metal tolerate plant 3(such as huge bacterium grass etc.), its high yield dense planting and tolerate this heavy metal and have super accumulation suction-operated, can absorb the heavy metal element in landfill dam 2 in a large number.
Periodical reaping heavy metal tolerate plant 3, and be transported to biomass ferment Fuel Gas Plant 4 with it for raw material, utilize the fine crushing technology of silage plant to carry out cold fermentation method and produce biological fuel gas; Because the heavy metal be adsorbed in plant cannot be fermented, be retained in fermentation remaining 5.
Fermentation remnants 5 after fermentation, are transported to heavy metal distill equipment 6, utilize Physical Metallurgy method to reclaim heavy metal, non-secondary pollution; And residue is fertilizer, can as the fertilizer of heavy metal tolerate plant 3.The heavy metal 9 of utilization can be recycled after smelting.
Generally, we will in strange land, outer suburbs excavation builds and is used for the antiseep landfill dam of splendid attire contaminated soil, contaminated soil is dug out from contaminated land landfill in movement to landfill dam, the pollution-free soil simultaneously landfill dam dug out, and in the hollow place that digs out of harmless architecture sediment backfill contaminated ground.
If when contaminated ground is enough large, we can build contaminated soil-burial dam at contaminated ground original place excavation, all contaminated soil are dug out landfill in landfill dam.
Fig. 3 is the another kind of preferred Remediation of Contaminated Soil frame assumption diagram of the present invention.Because the fresh soil of excavation landfill dam formation is less than pollution, the fresh soil 7 that therefore can effectively utilize excavation is backfilling into and impurely excavates hollow place.
In addition, also need earth excavation due to during engineering capital construction, harmless architecture sediment 8 also can be used for being backfilling into impurely excavating hollow place.
In addition, also may remain heavy metal etc. due to normal in the mud of municipal wastewater pipeline containing multiple harmful substances, deal with more complicated trouble; When utilizing physics and chemical method process, also easily produce secondary pollution, the process therefore now for municipal sludge 10 is more thorny.And in municipal sludge 10, having abundant organic matter, the fertilizer as plant is a kind of more satisfactory fertilizer.By after-applied for the municipal sludge 10 sterilizing heavy metal tolerate plant 3 giving plantation on landfill dam 2, effectively can absorb heavy metal etc., and additionally need not apply fertilizer to plant, save spending.
It should be noted that, in this article, term " comprises ", " comprising " or its any other variant are intended to contain comprising of nonexcludability, thus make to comprise the process of a series of key element, method, article or equipment and not only comprise which key element, but also comprise other key elements clearly do not listed, or also comprise by the intrinsic key element of this process, method, article or equipment.
Apply specific case herein to set forth principle of the present invention and embodiment, the explanation of above example just understands method of the present invention and core concept thereof for helping.The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, should be understood that, due to the finiteness of literal expression, and objectively there is unlimited concrete structure, for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvement, retouching or change can also be made, also above-mentioned technical characteristic can be combined by rights; These improve retouching, change or combination, or the design of invention and technical scheme are directly applied to other occasion without improving, and all should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. heavy metal pollution soil innoxious governance and an its recovery method as resource, is characterized in that, it comprises the following steps:
Set up Anti-leakage contaminated soil landfill dam (101);
Contaminated land excavates polluted soil and is filled into landfill dam (102);
Landfill dam after filling is planted heavy metal tolerate plant (103);
Harvesting plant carries out biomass ferment production combustion gas (104);
Raffinate, residue (105) after collection of biological fermentation;
Raffinate, residue metal smelting (106) after biofermentation;
Reclaim heavy metal (107).
2. a kind of heavy metal pollution soil innoxious governance according to claim 1 and its recovery method as resource, it is characterized in that, it is further comprising the steps of, and the fresh soil backfill Polluted Soil on excavation landfill dam is located in (111).
3. a kind of heavy metal pollution soil innoxious governance according to claim 1 and its recovery method as resource, it is characterized in that, it is further comprising the steps of, builds harmless dregs backfill Polluted Soil and is located in (110).
4. a kind of heavy metal pollution soil innoxious governance according to claim 1 and its recovery method as resource, is characterized in that, by the remnants after raffinate, residue metal smelting (106) after biofermentation, is applied to plant (109) using residual for smelting as fertilizer.
5. a kind of heavy metal pollution soil innoxious governance according to claim 1 and its recovery method as resource, is characterized in that, collects municipal sludge and be applied to plant (108) as fertilizer.
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| CN105880279A (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2016-08-24 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Efficient soil repairing method based on energy plants |
| CN107159692A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-15 | 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 | Heavy metal pollution place disposal system and method |
| CN107381819A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2017-11-24 | 甘肃德福生物科技有限公司 | A kind of method of the chlorella sewage heavy metal biological comprehensive regulation |
| CN107520243A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-12-29 | 大连地拓环境科技有限公司 | A kind of method using bamboo willow restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal |
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Application publication date: 20150401 |