CN104474161A - 治疗食管癌的破瘀散及制备方法 - Google Patents
治疗食管癌的破瘀散及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104474161A CN104474161A CN201410760910.XA CN201410760910A CN104474161A CN 104474161 A CN104474161 A CN 104474161A CN 201410760910 A CN201410760910 A CN 201410760910A CN 104474161 A CN104474161 A CN 104474161A
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- esophageal carcinoma
- removing blood
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Abstract
本发明公开了治疗食管癌的破瘀散，主要由下列原料药制备而成，均为重量份：蟾皮5-10；葛根20-40；硼砂3-5；长春花3-6；鸦胆子10-20；露蜂房9-16；山豆根3-6；雄黄2-4；射干5-10；青黛6-9；石首鱼鳔4-9；鲜狗胆汁适量。本发明提供的破瘀散服用安全无副作用、有消肿利咽、清热解毒的功效，针对食管癌临床效果显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中医中药领域，特别是涉及一种治疗食管癌的破瘀散及制备方法。
背景技术
食管癌是常见的消化道肿瘤，全世界每年约有30万人死于食管癌。其发病率和死亡率各国差异很大。我国是世界上食管癌高发地区之一，每年平均病死约15万人。男多于女，发病年龄多在40岁以上。食管癌典型的症状为进行性咽下困难，先是难咽干的食物，继而是半流质食物，最后水和唾液也不能咽下。其中致病因素主要为1、化学因素：亚硝胺。2、生物性因素：真菌。3.缺乏某些微量元素：钼、铁、锌、氟、硒等。4.缺乏维生素：缺乏维生素A、维生素B2、维生素C以及动物蛋白、新鲜蔬菜、水果摄入不足，是食管癌高发区的一个共同特点。5.烟、酒、热食、热饮、口腔不洁等因素。6.食管癌遗传易感因素。临床症状为：1.早期：症状常不明显，但在吞咽粗硬食物时可能有不同程度的不适感觉，包括咽下食物梗噎感，胸骨后烧灼样、针刺样或牵拉摩擦样疼痛。食物通过缓慢，并有停滞感或异物感。梗噎停滞感常通过吞咽水后缓解消失。症状时轻时重，进展缓慢。2.中晚期：食管癌典型的症状为进行性咽下困难，先是难咽干的食物，继而是半流质食物，最后水和唾液也不能咽下。常吐黏液样痰，为下咽的唾液和食管的分泌物。患者逐渐消瘦、脱水、无力。持续胸痛或背痛表示为晚期症状，癌已侵犯食管外组织。当癌肿梗阻所引起的炎症水肿暂时消退，或部分癌肿脱落后，梗阻症状可暂时减轻，常误认为病情好转。若癌肿侵犯喉返神经，可出现声音嘶哑；若压迫颈交感神经节，可产生Horner综合征；若侵入气管、支气管，可形成食管、气管或支气管瘘，出现吞咽水或食物时剧烈呛咳，并发生呼吸系统感染。最后出现恶病质状态。若有肝、脑等脏器转移，可出现黄疸、腹腔积液、昏迷等状态。体格检查时应特别注意锁骨上有无增大淋巴结、肝有无包块和有无腹腔积液、胸腔积液等远处转移体征。
公布号CN 102940842 A（申请号201210392456.8）的中国专利文献公开了一种抗食管癌的中药制剂。其原料药是由：党参3份、白术3份、茯苓3份、炙甘草3份、半夏3份、砂仁1.2份、木香1.2份、陈皮3份、沙参3份、麦冬3份、黄药子2份、白花蛇舌草3份、半枝莲3份、旋覆花3份、代赭石3份、莪术2份、九节茶3份、玄参3份、浙贝母1.5份、化红2份、海藻3份、昆布3份、射干2份、山豆根1.5份，按重量比组成，水煎；山慈菇4.5份 硇砂1.5份硼砂3份、蜂蜜50份混合。公布号CN 102614268 A（申请号201210131821.X）的中国专利文献公开了一种治疗食管癌的中药，可有效解决临床上治疗食管癌效果不佳，食管癌患者死亡率高的问题，其解决的技术方案是，由重量计的旋覆花7-10份、当归4-7份、黄连3-6份制成，将旋覆花、当归、黄连粉碎，加入旋覆花、当归、黄连重量的10倍量体积浓度为98-75%的乙醇，室温下，时时振摇浸泡7天，过滤，得滤液，于45℃下旋转蒸发去除乙醇，再常规方法冷冻干燥或低温负压干燥成固态，粉碎即可。公布号CN 101773659 A（申请号201010140857.5）的中国专利文献公开了一种新的治疗食管癌的中药组合物及制备方法，主要由以下原料药组成：薏苡仁、玄参、公英、射干、山豆根、半边莲、紫草、茯苓、白芍、青黛、九香虫、土鳖虫、炙乳香、炙没药、穿山甲、陈皮、砂仁、三棱、莪术、石菖蒲、沉香、降香、川穹等。
现代医学所采用的手术、化疗或放疗等手段，副作用大、复发率高、成本高，中医治疗可抑杀瘤细胞，并提高人体免疫力和改善内环境，有效的保护机体的抗病能力，因此应不断加强对食管癌的中药研究开发。
发明内容
针对现有技术的问题，本发明的目的是提供一种效果显著、服用安全无副作用的治疗食管癌的破瘀散。
本发明的技术方案是：
治疗食管癌的破瘀散，主要由下列原料药制备而成，均为重量份：蟾皮5-10；葛根20-40；硼砂3-5；长春花3-6；鸦胆子10-20；露蜂房9-16；山豆根3-6；雄黄2-4；射干5-10；青黛6-9；石首鱼鳔4-9；鲜狗胆汁适量。
优选的：蟾皮6-9；葛根25-35；硼砂3.5-4.5；长春花4-5；鸦胆子12-18；露蜂房11-14；山豆根4-5；雄黄2.5-3.5；射干6-9；青黛7-8；石首鱼鳔5-8；鲜狗胆汁适量。
更加优选的：蟾皮7.5；葛根30；硼砂4；长春花4.5；鸦胆子15；露蜂房12.5；山豆根4.5；雄黄3；射干7.5；青黛7.5；石首鱼鳔6.5；鲜狗胆汁适量。
所述的治疗食管癌的破瘀散的制备方法，步骤如下：
（1）将蟾皮和露蜂房，除去杂质，加入药材6倍量的1.0%氢氧化钠水溶液，50℃～60℃环境下浸渍，取出烘干、碾碎成粉；
（2）将硼砂和雄黄，加入黄酒没过药材3cm浸泡，取出后水飞、晾干，得到细末；
（3）将石首鱼鳔洗净，沥干，用香油炸至酥脆，取出，压成粉末，置冷装瓶备用；
（4）将鸦胆子净制，除去果壳，文火加热15分钟，然后再放入葛根、长春花、山豆根、射干和青黛，加水煮沸后，转小火煎煮30-40分钟（优选的：小火煎煮32-38分钟；更加优选的：小火煎煮35分钟），过滤；剩余药渣加入其质量4倍的水，加热20分钟，过滤并混合两次所得滤液；
（5）将步骤（1）（2）（3）所得粉末过筛，与步骤（4）滤液混合，加入鲜狗胆汁，搅拌均匀，喷雾干燥，灭菌、封装，得到破瘀散。
所述的治疗食管癌的破瘀散的制备方法，步骤（1）中浸渍5-7小时（优选的：浸渍5.5-6.5小时；更加优选的：浸渍6小时）。
所述的治疗食管癌的破瘀散的制备方法，步骤（2）中浸泡50-70分钟（优选的：浸泡55-65分钟；更加优选的：浸泡60分钟）。
所述的治疗食管癌的破瘀散的制备方法，步骤（4）中加水量为药材重量的5-8倍（优选的：加水量为药材重量的6-7倍；更加优选的：加水量为药材重量的6.5倍）。
所述的治疗食管癌的破瘀散的制备方法，步骤（5）中粉碎过170-200目筛（优选的：粉碎过180-190目筛；更加优选的：粉碎过185目筛）。
所述的治疗食管癌的破瘀散的制备方法，步骤（5）中加入鲜狗胆汁的量为滤液质量的0.3倍。
本发明还提供了所述的治疗食管癌的破瘀散在制备治疗食道癌的药物时的应用
本发明所用主要中药原料的药理如下：
蟾皮：基原：为蟾蜍科动物中华大蟾蜍或黑眶蟾蜍等的皮。性味：《本经逢原》："辛，凉，微毒。"功能主治：清热解毒，利水消胀。治痈疽，肿毒，瘰疬，肿瘤，疳积腹胀，慢性气管炎。
葛根：性味： 甘、辛，凉。归经： 归脾、胃经。功效： 解肌退热，生津，透疹，升阳止泻。主治： 用于外感发热头痛、项背强痛，口渴，消渴，麻疹不透，热痢，泄泻；高血压颈项强痛。
硼砂：基原：天然矿物硼砂的矿石，经提炼精制而成的结晶体。药理作用：硼砂对多种革兰氏阳性与阴性菌、浅部皮肤真菌及白色念珠菌有不同程度抑制作用，并略有防腐作用。对皮肤和粘膜还有收敛和保护作用。实验表明，硼砂能抗电惊厥和戊四氮阵挛性惊厥；减轻机体氟负荷，调整体内微量元素平衡，增加尿氟排出，但不能动员骨氟的移出。性味与归经：甘，咸，凉。归肺、胃经。有清热，消痰，解毒，防腐的功效。用于急性扁桃体炎，咽喉炎，口腔炎，齿龈炎，中耳炎，目赤肿痛，汗斑。
长春花：基原：为夹竹桃科长春花属植物长春花，黄长春花的全草。成分：长春花中含有吲哚类生物碱70余种，包含长春碱、长春新碱、洛柯定碱、洛柯辛碱、去乙酰文朵尼定碱、长春花碱、长春尼定、洛柯宁碱等。根含生物碱，包括帽柱木碱、阿枯米辛碱、长春西定、洛柯文碱、硫酸卡文辛碱、硫酸留绕西文碱，阿模楷灵碱、硫酸派绕生等。药理：1.抗肿瘤作用 长春花含有的长春碱、长春新碱、环氧长春碱、异长春碱具有明显的抗肿瘤作用。2.抗肿瘤作用机理 长春花抗肿瘤作用与药物对微管蛋白结合的高亲和力直接有关，抑制核酸合成是它的另一机制。3.降血压与扩血管作用 长春花总生物碱不论灌胃、肌注或静注对麻醉犬均有降压作用，还有扩张冠状血管的作用。4.降血糖和降血脂作用 本品叶的水提取物对正常或四氧嘧啶糖尿病兔和犬有降低血糖作用。药性：苦，寒，有毒。功用主治：解毒抗癌，清热平肝。主治多种癌肿，高血压病，痈肿疮毒，烫伤。
鸦胆子：基原：为苦木科植物鸦胆子的干燥成熟果实。秋季果实成熟时采收，除去杂质，晒干。性味与归经：苦，寒；有小毒。归大肠、肝经。功能与主治：清热解毒，截疟，止痢；外用腐蚀赘疣。用于痢疾，疟疾；外治赘疣，鸡眼。
露蜂房：基原：为胡蜂科昆虫大黄蜂或同属近缘昆虫的巢。性味：甘，平，有毒。归经：①《纲目》："入阳明经。"②《本草再新》："入肝、肺二经。"功能主治：祛风，攻毒，杀虫。治惊痫，风痹，瘾疹瘙痒，乳痈，疔毒，瘰疬，痔漏，风火牙痛，头癣，蜂螫肿疼。
山豆根：性味与归经：苦，寒；有毒。归肺、胃经。功能与主治：清热解毒，消肿利咽。用于火毒蕴结，乳蛾喉痹，咽喉肿痛，齿龈肿痛，口舌生疮。
雄黄：性状：本品为块状或粒状集合体，呈不规则块状。深红色或橙红色，条痕淡橘红色，晶面有金刚石样光泽。质脆，易碎，断面具树脂样光泽。微有特异的臭气，味淡。精矿粉为粉末状或粉末集合体，质松脆，手捏即成粉，橙黄色，无光泽。性味与归经：辛，温；有毒。归肝、大肠经。功能与主治：解毒杀虫，燥湿祛痰，截疟。用于痈肿疔疮，蛇虫咬伤，虫积腹痛，惊痫，疟疾。
射干：基原：为鸢尾科植物射干的干燥根茎。性味与归经：苦，寒。归肺经。功能与主治：清热解毒，消痰，利咽。用于热毒痰火邰结，咽喉肿痛，痰涎壅盛，咳嗽气喘。
青黛：又名青蛤粉、靛青花，为爵床科马蓝属植物马蓝、蓼科蓼属植物蓼蓝、豆科木蓝属植物木蓝、十字花科菘蓝属植物菘蓝的叶或茎叶经加工制得的干燥粉末或团块，味咸，性寒。有抗肿瘤、抗炎镇痛、抗溃疡、抗菌、清热凉血、解毒的功效，用于温毒斑疹，咽喉肿痛，吐血，衄血，咯血等症状。
石首鱼鳔：基原：为石首鱼科动物大黄鱼、小黄鱼的鱼鳔。性味：甘，平。归经：《本草新编》："入肾。"功能主治：补肾益精，滋养筋脉，止血，散瘀，消肿。治肾虚滑精，产后风痉，破伤风，吐血，血崩，创伤出血，痔疮。
鲜狗胆汁：基原：为犬科犬属动物狗的胆汁。性味：味苦；性寒。功效主治：清热明目，止血活血。主治风热眼痛；目赤涩痒；吐血；崩漏；跌打损伤；鼻衄；聤耳；疮疡疥癣。
本发明提供的治疗食管癌的破瘀散配方科学，制备方法简单。除此之外，它的优良之处还表现在：
1、本组方临床效果显著，对食管癌有明显抑制作用；
2、本中药有消肿利咽、清热解毒的功效，疗效稳定；
3、本发明的药物均为纯天然中药材，对人体无副作用。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和实验例详细说明本发明的技术方案，但保护范围不限于此。
实施例1治疗食管癌的破瘀散，主要由下列原料药制备而成：蟾皮5g，葛根20g，硼砂3g，长春花3g，鸦胆子10g，露蜂房9g，山豆根3g，雄黄2g，射干5g，青黛6g，石首鱼鳔4g，鲜狗胆汁适量。上述治疗食管癌的破瘀散的制备方法是：
（1）将蟾皮和露蜂房，除去杂质，加入药材6倍量的1.0%氢氧化钠水溶液，50℃～60℃环境下浸渍5小时，取出烘干、碾碎成粉；
（2）将硼砂和雄黄，加入黄酒没过药材3cm浸泡50分钟，取出后水飞、晾干，得到细末；
（3）将石首鱼鳔洗净，沥干，用香油炸至酥脆，取出，压成粉末，置冷装瓶备用；
（4）将鸦胆子净制，除去果壳，文火加热15分钟，然后再放入葛根、长春花、山豆根、射干和青黛，加入药材重量5倍的水煮沸后，转小火煎煮30分钟，过滤；剩余药渣加入其质量4倍的水，加热20分钟，过滤并混合两次所得滤液；
（5）将步骤（1）（2）（3）所得粉末过170目筛，与步骤（4）滤液混合，加入滤液质量0.3倍的鲜狗胆汁，搅拌均匀，喷雾干燥，灭菌、封装，得到破瘀散。
实施例2治疗食管癌的破瘀散，主要由下列原料药制备而成：蟾皮10g，葛根40g，硼砂5g，长春花6g，鸦胆子20g，露蜂房16g，山豆根6g，雄黄4g，射干10g，青黛9g，石首鱼鳔9g，鲜狗胆汁适量。上述治疗食管癌的破瘀散的制备方法是：
（1）将蟾皮和露蜂房，除去杂质，加入药材6倍量的1.0%氢氧化钠水溶液，50℃～60℃环境下浸渍7小时，取出烘干、碾碎成粉；
（2）将硼砂和雄黄，加入黄酒没过药材3cm浸泡70分钟，取出后水飞、晾干，得到细末；
（3）将石首鱼鳔洗净，沥干，用香油炸至酥脆，取出，压成粉末，置冷装瓶备用；
（4）将鸦胆子净制，除去果壳，文火加热15分钟，然后再放入葛根、长春花、山豆根、射干和青黛，加入药材重量8倍的水煮沸后，转小火煎煮40分钟，过滤；剩余药渣加入其质量4倍的水，加热20分钟，过滤并混合两次所得滤液；
（5）将步骤（1）（2）（3）所得粉末过200目筛，与步骤（4）滤液混合，加入滤液质量0.3倍的鲜狗胆汁，搅拌均匀，喷雾干燥，灭菌、封装，得到破瘀散。
典型病例：xxx，女性，50岁。病史：患者两个月前无明显诱因出现咽痛，有哽噎感，饮食困难，呕吐粘液，痰延、精神疲惫，胸部疼痛，后病情不断加重，食欲下降，身材消瘦，医院检查后，发现食道中有瘤体，确诊为食道癌。
服用本实施例所得治疗食道癌的破瘀散，每天两次，一次5-10克（视情况而定），20天一个疗程。服用一个月后，患者自感不适症状有所好转，后继续服用两个疗程，状态良好，恢复正常，到医院复查，瘤体不见，残余部分已钙化，旁及器官未见异常，随访至今未复发。
实施例3治疗食管癌的破瘀散，主要由下列原料药制备而成：蟾皮6g，葛根25g，硼砂3.5g，长春花4g，鸦胆子12g，露蜂房11g，山豆根4g，雄黄2.5g，射干6g，青黛7g，石首鱼鳔5g，鲜狗胆汁适量。上述治疗食管癌的破瘀散的制备方法是：
（1）将蟾皮和露蜂房，除去杂质，加入药材6倍量的1.0%氢氧化钠水溶液，50℃～60℃环境下浸渍5.5小时，取出烘干、碾碎成粉；
（2）将硼砂和雄黄，加入黄酒没过药材3cm浸泡55分钟，取出后水飞、晾干，得到细末；
（3）将石首鱼鳔洗净，沥干，用香油炸至酥脆，取出，压成粉末，置冷装瓶备用；
（4）将鸦胆子净制，除去果壳，文火加热15分钟，然后再放入葛根、长春花、山豆根、射干和青黛，加入药材重量6倍的水煮沸后，转小火煎煮32分钟，过滤；剩余药渣加入其质量4倍的水，加热20分钟，过滤并混合两次所得滤液；
（5）将步骤（1）（2）（3）所得粉末过180目筛，与步骤（4）滤液混合，加入滤液质量0.3倍的鲜狗胆汁，搅拌均匀，喷雾干燥，灭菌、封装，得到破瘀散。
实施例4治疗食管癌的破瘀散，主要由下列原料药制备而成：蟾皮9g，葛根35g，硼砂4.5g，长春花5g，鸦胆子18g，露蜂房14g，山豆根5g，雄黄3.5g，射干9g，青黛8g，石首鱼鳔8g，鲜狗胆汁适量。上述治疗食管癌的破瘀散的制备方法是：
（1）将蟾皮和露蜂房，除去杂质，加入药材6倍量的1.0%氢氧化钠水溶液，50℃～60℃环境下浸渍6.5小时，取出烘干、碾碎成粉；
（2）将硼砂和雄黄，加入黄酒没过药材3cm浸泡65分钟，取出后水飞、晾干，得到细末；
（3）将石首鱼鳔洗净，沥干，用香油炸至酥脆，取出，压成粉末，置冷装瓶备用；
（4）将鸦胆子净制，除去果壳，文火加热15分钟，然后再放入葛根、长春花、山豆根、射干和青黛，加入药材重量7倍的水煮沸后，转小火煎煮38分钟，过滤；剩余药渣加入其质量4倍的水，加热20分钟，过滤并混合两次所得滤液；
（5）将步骤（1）（2）（3）所得粉末过190目筛，与步骤（4）滤液混合，加入滤液质量0.3倍的鲜狗胆汁，搅拌均匀，喷雾干燥，灭菌、封装，得到破瘀散。
典型病例：xxx，男性，41岁。 病史：患者因吞咽困难就诊，经医院检查为食道癌早期，随即手术化疗，未治愈，导致体质变差，饮食减少，精神不振，身体消瘦。后经人介绍服用本实例所得治疗食管癌的破瘀散，每天两次，一次5-10克（视情况而定），20天一个疗程。
服用一个月后，精神好转，食欲增加，继续服用两个疗程后，患者精神状态良好，不适症状减轻，半年后去医院复查，癌细胞数量已恢复正常值，体力逐渐增加。
实施例5治疗食管癌的破瘀散，主要由下列原料药制备而成：蟾皮7.5g，葛根30g，硼砂4g，长春花4.5g，鸦胆子15g，露蜂房12.5g，山豆根4.5g，雄黄3g，射干7.5g，青黛7.5g，石首鱼鳔6.5g，鲜狗胆汁适量。上述治疗食管癌的破瘀散的制备方法是：
（1）将蟾皮和露蜂房，除去杂质，加入药材6倍量的1.0%氢氧化钠水溶液，50℃～60℃环境下浸渍6小时，取出烘干、碾碎成粉；
（2）将硼砂和雄黄，加入黄酒没过药材3cm浸泡60分钟，取出后水飞、晾干，得到细末；
（3）将石首鱼鳔洗净，沥干，用香油炸至酥脆，取出，压成粉末，置冷装瓶备用；
（4）将鸦胆子净制，除去果壳，文火加热15分钟，然后再放入葛根、长春花、山豆根、射干和青黛，加入药材重量6.5倍的水煮沸后，转小火煎煮35分钟，过滤；剩余药渣加入其质量4倍的水，加热20分钟，过滤并混合两次所得滤液；
（5）将步骤（1）（2）（3）所得粉末过185目筛，与步骤（4）滤液混合，加入滤液质量0.3倍的鲜狗胆汁，搅拌均匀，喷雾干燥，灭菌、封装，得到破瘀散。
试验例1 实施例5所得治疗食管癌的破瘀散的临床应用：
选取人群：依据医院门诊病历，筛选食管癌患者408例，其中女性197例，男性211例，年龄范围35-65岁，病程半年以上。
试验前，将患者随机分为两组，实验组300例和对照组108例，两组在性别、年龄、病程、病情等方面无显著差异。实验组服用实施例5所得破瘀散，每天两次，一次5-10克（视情况而定），20天一个疗程；对照组服用其他常规药物（食道平散、抗癌平丸、消癌平片、复方蟾酥膏等）。服药期间对两组患者进行连续观察，记录症状及变化。
疗效判定标准：显效：体征及症状明显改善，病灶缩小，无不适症状；有效：体征及症状改善，病灶减小，精神较好；无效：体征及病症如前，病灶无变化。总有效率=显效率+有效率。
五个疗程后临床结果如表1所示：
本发明使用的蟾皮具有清热解毒、消肿利咽的作用；雄黄具有燥湿祛痰的作用；长春花具有解毒抗癌、清热平肝作用；射干具有消痰利咽、清热解毒作用；鸦胆子和青黛具有清热解毒、凉血的作用；鲜狗胆汁具有清肝明目，活血止血作用，多种有效材料，合理搭配，协同作用，以实现治疗食道癌的功效。
应当指出的是，具体实施方式只是本发明比较有代表性的例子，显然本发明的技术方案不限于上述实施例，还可以有很多变形。本领域的普通技术人员，以本发明所明确公开的或根据文件的书面描述毫无异议的得到的，均应认为是本专利所要保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.治疗食管癌的破瘀散，其特征在于，主要由下列原料药制备而成，均为重量份：蟾皮5-10；葛根20-40；硼砂3-5；长春花3-6；鸦胆子10-20；露蜂房9-16；山豆根3-6；雄黄2-4；射干5-10；青黛6-9；石首鱼鳔4-9；鲜狗胆汁适量。
2.如权利要求1所述的治疗食管癌的破瘀散，其特征在于，蟾皮6-9；葛根25-35；硼砂3.5-4.5；长春花4-5；鸦胆子12-18；露蜂房11-14；山豆根4-5；雄黄2.5-3.5；射干6-9；青黛7-8；石首鱼鳔5-8；鲜狗胆汁适量。
3.如权利要求1所述的治疗食管癌的破瘀散，其特征在于，蟾皮7.5；葛根30；硼砂4；长春花4.5；鸦胆子15；露蜂房12.5；山豆根4.5；雄黄3；射干7.5；青黛7.5；石首鱼鳔6.5；鲜狗胆汁适量。
4.如权利要求1-3任一所述的治疗食管癌的破瘀散的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤如下：
（1）将蟾皮和露蜂房，除去杂质，加入药材6倍量的1.0%氢氧化钠水溶液，50℃～60℃环境下浸渍，取出烘干、碾碎成粉；
（2）将硼砂和雄黄，加入黄酒没过药材3cm浸泡，取出后水飞、晾干，得到细末；
（3）将石首鱼鳔洗净，沥干，用香油炸至酥脆，取出，压成粉末，置冷装瓶备用；
（4）将鸦胆子净制，除去果壳，文火加热15分钟，然后再放入葛根、长春花、山豆根、射干和青黛，加水煮沸后，转小火煎煮30-40分钟（优选的：小火煎煮32-38分钟；更加优选的：小火煎煮35分钟），过滤；剩余药渣加入其质量4倍的水，加热20分钟，过滤并混合两次所得滤液；
（5）将步骤（1）（2）（3）所得粉末过筛，与步骤（4）滤液混合，加入鲜狗胆汁，搅拌均匀，喷雾干燥，灭菌、封装，得到破瘀散。
5.如权利要求4所述的治疗食管癌的破瘀散的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）中浸渍5-7小时（优选的：浸渍5.5-6.5小时；更加优选的：浸渍6小时）。
6.如权利要求4所述的治疗食管癌的破瘀散的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）中浸泡50-70分钟（优选的：浸泡55-65分钟；更加优选的：浸泡60分钟）。
7.如权利要求4所述的治疗食管癌的破瘀散的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（4）中加水量为药材重量的5-8倍（优选的：加水量为药材重量的6-7倍；更加优选的：加水量为药材重量的6.5倍）。
8.如权利要求4所述的治疗食管癌的破瘀散的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（5）中粉碎过170-200目筛（优选的：粉碎过180-190目筛；更加优选的：粉碎过185目筛）。
9.如权利要求4所述的治疗食管癌的破瘀散的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（5）中加入鲜狗胆汁的量为滤液质量的0.3倍。
10.如权利要求1-3任一所述的治疗食管癌的破瘀散在制备治疗食道癌的药物时的应用。
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