CN104457007B - Regenerative refrigerator, one-level regenerator and two grades of regenerators - Google Patents

Regenerative refrigerator, one-level regenerator and two grades of regenerators Download PDF

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CN104457007B
CN104457007B CN201410384207.3A CN201410384207A CN104457007B CN 104457007 B CN104457007 B CN 104457007B CN 201410384207 A CN201410384207 A CN 201410384207A CN 104457007 B CN104457007 B CN 104457007B
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storage material
cool storage
zinc
grades
possesses
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CN104457007A (en
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许名尧
雷田
土屋彰广
包乾
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Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd
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Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention provides the regenerative refrigerator of a kind of refrigerating capacity improving regenerative refrigerator, one-level regenerator and two grades of regenerators.The regenerative refrigerator of the present invention possesses the regenerator portion that working gas carries out pre-cooling and the decompressor making working gas cool down by making to be expanded by the working gas of regenerator portion pre-cooling.Regenerator portion possesses the zinc system cool storage material being made up of zinc or the alloy with zinc as main constituent.One-level regenerator (30) can possess high-temperature portion and low-temp. portion, and described high-temperature portion possesses the 1st cool storage material, and described low-temp. portion possesses 2nd cool storage material different from the 1st cool storage material.Two grades of regenerators (60) can possess high-temperature portion and low-temp. portion, and described high-temperature portion possesses the 2nd cool storage material, and described low-temp. portion possesses 3rd cool storage material different from the 2nd cool storage material.2nd cool storage material can possess the zinc system cool storage material being made up of zinc or the alloy with zinc as main constituent.

Description

Regenerative refrigerator, one-level regenerator and two grades of regenerators
The application advocates based on Japanese patent application 2013-191537 filed in JIUYUE in 2013 17 days Number and on May in 2014 2 filed in the priority of Japanese patent application the 2014-094959th.Should The full content of Japanese publication is by with reference to being applied in this specification.
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of regenerative refrigerator, one-level regenerator and two grades of regenerators.
Background technology
Regenerative refrigerator is left to 4K for cooling object is cooled to such as 100K (Kelvin) left and right In right scope.Regenerative refrigerator has such as Ji Fude-McMahon formula (GM) refrigeration machine, pulse tube Refrigeration machine, sterlin refrigerator, all refrigeration machines of Sol etc..The purposes of regenerative refrigerator for example, superconducting magnetic The cooling of ferrum and detector etc. or cryopump.The refrigerating capacity of regenerative refrigerator depends on changing of cool storage material The thermal efficiency.
Patent documentation 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2012-255590 publication
Patent documentation 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2003-28526 publication
Summary of the invention
One of exemplary purpose of one embodiment of the present invention is to improve the refrigeration energy of regenerative refrigerator Power.
A kind of mode according to the present invention, it is provided that a kind of regenerative refrigerator, it possesses: regenerator portion, right Working gas carries out pre-cooling;And decompressor, by making by the working gas expansion of described regenerator portion pre-cooling Described working gas is made to cool down.Described regenerator portion possesses the zinc being made up of zinc or the alloy with zinc as main constituent It it is cool storage material.
A kind of mode according to the present invention, it is provided that a kind of one-level regenerator, it possesses high-temperature portion and low-temp. portion, Described high-temperature portion possesses the 1st cool storage material, and described low-temp. portion possesses different from described 1st cool storage material 2 cool storage materials.Described 2nd cool storage material possesses the zinc system being made up of zinc or the alloy with zinc as main constituent and stores Cold material.
A kind of mode according to the present invention, it is provided that a kind of two grades of regenerators, it possesses high-temperature portion and low-temp. portion, Described high-temperature portion possesses the 2nd cool storage material, and described low-temp. portion possesses different from described 2nd cool storage material 3 cool storage materials.Described 2nd cool storage material possesses the zinc system being made up of zinc or the alloy with zinc as main constituent and stores Cold material.
It addition, by the combination in any of above constitutive requirements or the constitutive requirements of the present invention or show method, dress Put, mutually replace between system etc., also serve as the mode of the present invention and effective.
In accordance with the invention it is possible to improve the refrigerating capacity of regenerative refrigerator.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the figure that outline represents the regenerative refrigerator involved by one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the chart of the relation between specific heat per unit volume and the temperature representing various metal.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the structure representing the one-level regenerator involved by one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the section view of the wire rod of the low temperature side of the one-level regenerator involved by one embodiment of the present invention Figure.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the structure representing two grades of regenerators involved by one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the figure of the refrigerating capacity representing the regenerative refrigerator involved by one embodiment of the present invention Table.
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the structure representing two grades of regenerators involved by one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the performance test results representing the regenerative refrigerator involved by one embodiment of the present invention Chart.
Fig. 9 is the temperature characteristics representing two grades of regenerators involved by one embodiment of the present invention The figure of one example.
Figure 10 is the sectional view of the wire rod of the metal gauze involved by another embodiment of the present invention.
Sectional view when Figure 11 is will to have a metal gauze stacking 2 of the wire rod shown in Figure 10.
In figure: 1-GM refrigeration machine, 15-one-level cooling end, 20-one-level cylinder body, 22-one-level displacer, 23a-one-level temperature end, 23b-one-level low-temperature end, 30-one-level regenerator, 31-one-stage expansion room, 32-gold Belong to silk screen, 34-wire rod, 34a-base material, 34b-layer, 35-one-level cooling stage, bis-grades of cooling ends of 50-, 51- Secondary cylinder body, bis-grades of displacers of 52-, bis-grades of temperature end of 53a-, 53b-bis-grade low-temp end, 55-compound expansion Room, bis-grades of regenerators of 60-.
Detailed description of the invention
Hereinafter, with reference to accompanying drawing, embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.It addition, in explanation, right Identical important document mark same-sign, and suitably omit repeat specification.Further, structure described below is for showing Example, and non-limiting the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the figure that outline represents the regenerative refrigerator involved by one embodiment of the present invention.GM system The regenerative refrigerator such as cold 1 possess regenerator portion, decompressor and compressor.Under normal circumstances, regenerator Portion is arranged on decompressor.Regenerator portion is configured to working gas (such as helium) is carried out pre-cooling.Expand Facility are standby in order to make the working gas of pre-cooling to being cooled down further by the working gas of regenerator portion pre-cooling The space expanded.The working gas that regenerator portion is configured to by cooling down by expanding cools down.Compressor is constituted For being compressed from regenerator portion recovery operation gas and again supplying working gas to regenerator portion.
In GM refrigeration machine 1 two-stage type refrigeration machine such as grade as shown, regenerator portion possess one-level regenerator and Two grades of regenerators.One-level regenerator is configured to the working gas supplied from compressor is cooled to one-level regenerator in advance Low-temperature end temperature.Two grades of regenerators are configured to will be cooled to two in advance by the working gas of one-level regenerator pre-cooling The low-temperature end temperature of level regenerator.
GM refrigeration machine 1 has the gas compressor 3 played a role as compressor and plays as decompressor The two-stage type cold head 10 of effect.Cold head 10 has one-level cooling end 15 and two grades of cooling ends 50, and these are cold But portion links in the way of coaxial with flange 12.One-level cooling end 15 possesses one-level temperature end 23a and one-level Low-temperature end 23b, two grades of cooling ends 50 possess two grades of temperature end 53a and two grade low-temp end 53b.One-level cools down Portion 15 is connected in series with two grades of cooling ends 50.Therefore, one-level low-temperature end 23b is equivalent to two grades of temperature end 53a。
It is swollen that one-level cooling end 15 possesses one-level cylinder body 20, one-level displacer 22, one-level regenerator 30, one-level Swollen room 31 and one-level cooling stage 35.One-level cylinder body 20 is the gas-tight container of hollow.One-level displacer 22 with Can the reciprocating mode of Q be arranged in one-level cylinder body 20 vertically.One-level regenerator 30 possesses filling One-level cool storage material in one-level displacer 22.Therefore, one-level displacer 22 is for accommodating one-level coolness storing material The container of material.One-stage expansion room 31 is formed in one-level cylinder body 20 at one-level low-temperature end 23b.One-level is swollen The volume of swollen room 31 changes because of the reciprocating motion of one-level displacer 22.One-level cooling stage 35 is one The outside of one-level cylinder body 20 it is installed at grade low-temp end 23b.
In one-level temperature end 23a, specifically at the high temperature side of one-level regenerator 30, in order to make helium stream Go out, flow into one-level regenerator 30 and be provided with multiple one-level high temperature side circulation flow path 40-1.In one-level low-temperature end 23b, specifically at the low temperature side of one-level regenerator 30, in order to make helium at one-level regenerator 30 and Flow out between level expanding chamber 31, flow into and be provided with multiple one-level low temperature side circulation flow path 40-2.At one-level cylinder body It is provided with between 20 and one-level displacer 22 outside the inner surface and the one-level displacer 22 that seal one-level cylinder body 20 The primary seal part 39 of the gas flowing in the gap between surface.Therefore, one-level temperature end 23a is low with one-level Working gas travels between temperature end 23b is via one-level regenerator 30.
It is swollen that two grades of cooling ends 50 possess secondary cylinder body 52, two grades of regenerators of 51, two grades of displacers 60, two grades Swollen room 55 and two grades of cooling stagees 85.Secondary cylinder body 51 is the gas-tight container of hollow.Two grades of displacers 52 with Can the reciprocating mode of Q be arranged in secondary cylinder body 51 vertically.Two grades of regenerators 60 possess filling Two grades of cool storage materials in two grades of displacers 52.Therefore, two grades of displacers 52 are for accommodating two grades of coolness storing materials The container of material.Compound expansion room 55 is arranged in secondary cylinder body 51 at two grade low-temp end 53b.Two grades swollen The volume of swollen room 55 changes because of the reciprocating motion of two grades of displacers 52.Two grades of cooling stagees 85 are two The outside of secondary cylinder body 51 it is installed at grade low-temp end 53b.
Two grades of temperature end 53a, specifically at the high temperature side of two grades of regenerators 60, in order to make helium stream Go out, flow into two grades of regenerators 60 and be provided with two grades of high temperature side circulation flow path 40-3.GM refrigeration machine 1 in diagram In, one-stage expansion room 31 is connected to two grades of regenerators 60 by two grades of high temperature side circulation flow path 40-3.Low at two grades Temperature end 53b, specifically at the low temperature side of two grades of regenerators 60, in order to make helium outflow, inflow two grades swollen Swollen room 55 and be provided with multiple two grade low-temp effluent path 54-2.At secondary cylinder body 51 and two grades of displacers 52 Between be provided with the gas in the gap sealed between the inner surface of secondary cylinder body 51 and the outer surface of two grades of displacers 52 The secondary seal 59 of body flowing.Therefore, the work between two grades of temperature end 53a and two grade low-temp end 53b Gas flows via two grades of regenerators 60.It addition, two grades of cooling ends 50 can also be configured to allow a small amount of gas Flow in body gap between secondary cylinder body 51 and two grades of displacers 52.
GM refrigeration machine 1 possesses connection gas compressor 3 and the pipe arrangement 7 of cold head 10.Pipe arrangement 7 is provided with High pressure valve 5 and low pressure valve 6.GM refrigeration machine 1 is configured to high-pressure helium from gas compressor 3 via high pressure valve 5 and pipe arrangement 7 supply to one-level cooling end 15.Further, to be configured to low pressure helium cold from one-level for GM refrigeration machine 1 But portion 15 via pipe arrangement 7 and low pressure valve 6 to gas compressor 3 aerofluxus.
GM refrigeration machine 1 possesses the reciprocating driving for making one-level displacer 22 and two grades of displacers 52 Motor 8.By driving motor 8, one-level displacer 22 and two grades of displacer 52 axially Q are integratedly Move back and forth.Further, motor 8 is driven to link with high pressure valve 5 and low pressure valve 6, in order to this reciprocating motion The valve opening of linkage optionally switching high pressure valve 5 and the valve opening of low pressure valve 6.So, GM refrigeration machine 1 is constituted Suction stroke and instroke for suitably switch operating gas.
Action to the GM refrigeration machine 1 of said structure illustrates.First, when one-level displacer 22 and two Level displacer 52 lay respectively at the lower dead center in one-level cylinder body 20 and secondary cylinder body 51 or its near time, high Pressure valve 5 is opened.One-level displacer 22 and two grades of displacers 52 move towards top dead centre from lower dead center.? During this, low pressure valve 6 remains turned-off.
High-pressure helium flows into one-level cooling end 15 from gas compressor 3.High-pressure helium circulates from one-level high temperature side Road 40-1 flows into the inside of one-level displacer 22, and is cooled to the temperature of regulation by one-level regenerator 30 Degree.Cooled helium flows into one-stage expansion room 31 from one-level low temperature side circulation flow path 40-2.It is flowed into one-level A part for the high-pressure helium of expanding chamber 31 flows into two grades of displacers 52 from two grades of high temperature side circulation flow path 40-3 Inside.This helium is cooled to the temperature of lower regulation by two grades of regenerators 60, and low from two grades Temperature effluent path 54-2 flows into compound expansion room 55.Its result, one-stage expansion room 31 and compound expansion room High pressure conditions is become in 55.
When one-level displacer 22 and two grades of displacers 52 arrive separately in one-level cylinder body 20 and secondary cylinder body 51 Top dead centre or its near time, high pressure valve 5 is closed.The most meanwhile, low pressure valve 6 is opened.One Level displacer 22 and two grades of displacers 52 move towards lower dead center from top dead centre specifically.
Helium in one-stage expansion room 31 and compound expansion room 55 is depressurized and expands.Its result, helium quilt Cooling.Further, one-level cooling stage 35 and two grades of cooling stagees 85 are cooled respectively.Low pressure helium is by with upper State contrary path, while cooling down one-level regenerator 30 and two grades of regenerators 60 respectively, via low pressure valve 6 and pipe arrangement 7 return in gas compressor 3.
When one-level displacer 22 and two grades of displacers 52 arrive separately in one-level cylinder body 20 and secondary cylinder body 51 Lower dead center or its near time, low pressure valve 6 is closed.The most meanwhile, high pressure valve 5 is beaten again Open.
Above action as 1 circulation, is repeated this circulation by GM refrigeration machine 1.So, GM refrigeration Machine 1 can be from cooling object hot linked with it respectively on 35, two grades of cooling stagees 85 of one-level cooling stage (not shown) absorbs heat and cools down.
The temperature of one-level temperature end 23a for example, room temperature.One-level low-temperature end 23b and two grades of temperature end 53a The temperature of (i.e. one-level cooling stage 35) is in the range of e.g., from about 20K~about 40K.Two grade low-temp end 53b The temperature of (i.e. two grades cooling stagees 85) is e.g., from about 4K.
So, GM refrigeration machine 1 possesses the position being cooled to from about 30K to the intermediate temperature range of about 80K (hereinafter sometimes referred to medium temperature portion).In one embodiment, based on one-level cooling end 15 one The chilling temperature of level cooling stage 35 is about between 30K and about 80K.In this case, medium temperature portion It is divided into one-level cooling end 15 and two grades of cooling ends 50.Such as, when the chilling temperature of one-level cooling stage 35 it is About during 40K, in medium temperature portion, the temperature range of the about 40K of high temperature side to about 80K is formed at one-level cooling The low temperature side in portion 15, in medium temperature portion, the temperature range of the about 30K of low temperature side to about 40K is formed at two The high temperature side of level cooling end 50.
It addition, when the low temperature that chilling temperature is below about 30K of one-level cooling end 15, one-level cooling end 15 have medium temperature portion.When the high temperature that chilling temperature is greater than about 80K of one-level cooling end 15, two Level cooling end 50 has medium temperature portion.It addition, medium temperature portion can also be for being cooled to about 30K extremely The position of the temperature range of about 65K.
Fig. 2 is the chart of the relation between specific heat per unit volume and the temperature representing various metal.According to Fig. 2, zinc Specific heat per unit volume and the specific heat per unit volume of copper roughly equal under 80K.In a low temperature of less than 80K, the appearance of zinc Long-pending specific heat is more than the specific heat per unit volume of copper.Further, under 30K, the specific heat per unit volume of zinc and bismuth and the volumetric ratio of stannum Heat is roughly equal, and under the high temperature higher than 30K, the specific heat per unit volume of zinc is more than bismuth and the specific heat per unit volume of stannum.Bismuth And the representative thing that the cool storage material that stannum is instead lead can use at a temperature of about 5K to about 30K Matter.
Therefore, the regenerator portion involved by one embodiment of the present invention possesses high-temperature portion, medium temperature portion And low-temp. portion, this high-temperature portion possesses the 1st cool storage material, and this medium temperature portion possesses the 2nd cool storage material, should Low-temp. portion possesses the 3rd cool storage material.Detailed content is aftermentioned, and the 2nd cool storage material possesses zinc system cool storage material (zinc based regenerator material).1st cool storage material is with the 2nd cool storage material not Same cool storage material, is formed by the material being suitable for the temperature range higher than 80K (or 65K).1st cold-storage Material by the temperature range higher at this at least some of in there is the material of specific heat higher than zinc system cool storage material Material is formed.3rd cool storage material is the cool storage material different from the 2nd cool storage material, by being suitable for less than 30K's The material of temperature range is formed.3rd cool storage material is by least some of middle tool of the temperature range relatively low at this The material having the specific heat higher than zinc system cool storage material is formed.
Fig. 3 is the signal of the structure representing the one-level regenerator 30 involved by one embodiment of the present invention Figure.One-level regenerator 30 has the one-level cool storage material edge of N sheet (N is the natural number of more than 2) stratiform The stepped construction that stacked direction P is laminated.One-level cool storage material have such as metal gauze 32-1~ 32-N.Stacked direction P is almost parallel with the flow direction of working gas.In other words, working gas is in one-level Regenerator 30 moves along stacked direction P.Further, stacked direction P and axial Q that is one of cold head 10 Level the lying substantially parallel to the direction of movement of displacer 22 (with reference to Fig. 1).
Metal gauze 32-1~32-N constituting each layer will have the line footpath of regulation and the wire rod of the material of regulation Weave and formed.The face determined by metal gauze 32-1~32-N constituting each layer is with stacked direction P substantially Orthogonal.When helium flows along stacked direction P in one-level regenerator 30, by constituting the gold of each layer Belong to multiple openings 33 of silk screen 32-1~32-N.
Metal gauze 32-1~32-N is preferably from about the metal gauze of more than 100 meshes.It is known that net Mesh is the unit of the number of grid representing every 1 inch.When being used below the metal gauze of about 100 meshes, The volume that wire rod is taken up space reduces, and does not has effect as cool storage material.Further, former because of manufacture view Cause, metal gauze 32-1~32-N is preferably from about the metal gauze of below 400 meshes or about 250 meshes.
One-level regenerator 30 has different structures in high temperature side part 42 from low temperature side part 44.One Level regenerator 30 is configured to the high temperature sidepiece when regenerative refrigerator (such as GM refrigeration machine 1) normally work The temperature dividing the border 46 between 42 and low temperature side part 44 becomes about 80K (or about 65K). Border 46 is substantially vertical with the flow direction of working gas.
The one-level cool storage material being configured at high temperature side part 42 possesses copper system cool storage material.Copper system cool storage material It is made up of copper or the alloy with copper as main constituent.Copper system cool storage material can also be by such as phosphor bronze, helvolus Copper, fine copper, tough pitch copper or oxygen-free copper are formed.Further, the one-level cool storage material of high temperature side part 42 it is configured at Can also possess the ferrum system cool storage material such as rustless steel etc..Therefore, in N sheet metal gauze 32-1~32-N The metal gauze of high temperature side is formed by the wire rod 37 of such copper system or ferrum system.Wire rod 37 can possess copper system Or the base material of ferrum system and cladding base material coating layer.Coating layer can be configured to protect base material. Coating layer can comprise chromium.
The one-level cool storage material being configured at low temperature side part 44 possesses zinc system cool storage material.Zinc system cool storage material It is made up of zinc or the alloy (the most sometimes these are referred to as zinc system metal) with zinc as main constituent.When zinc system When cool storage material is of zinc, zinc system cool storage material can comprise inevitable impurity.With zinc as main constituent Alloy can comprise the zinc of at least about 50 mass percents.Alloy with zinc as main constituent can also comprise Chromium.
In one embodiment, the metal gauze of the low temperature side in N sheet metal gauze 32-1~32-N is by this The wire rod 34 of the zinc system of sample is formed.Wire rod 34 can possess base material and the coating of cladding base material of zinc system Layer.Coating layer can be configured to protect base material.Coating layer can comprise chromium.
Further, in another embodiment, wire rod 34 can possess base material and the zinc system metal of cladding base material Layer.It is illustrated in Fig. 4.Fig. 4 is the one-level regenerator 30 involved by one embodiment of the present invention The sectional view of wire rod 34 of low temperature side.As shown in Figure 4, wire rod 34 can possess base material 34a and cladding The layer 34b of the zinc system metal of base material 34a.Base material 34a in the same manner as high temperature side by copper system or the wire rod of ferrum system Formed.The layer 34b of zinc system metal is formed by base material 34a is carried out electroplating processes.It addition, at layer The coating layer for protective layer 34b can be formed further on 34b.
If layer 34b is the thinnest, then the specific heat produced by layer 34b increases effect and dies down.On the other hand, if layer 34b is blocked up, then the opening of metal gauze diminishes and causes flow path resistance increase or base material 34a to attenuate and lead Pyrogenicity conduction is deteriorated.Therefore, the diameter of the base material 34a on wire rod 34 cross section is being referred to as d1, layer 34b External diameter when being referred to as d2 (with reference to Fig. 3), the preferably diameter ratio d2/d1 of wire rod 34 be such as 1.3 to In the range of 1.5.
In one embodiment, the heat conductivity of the base material 34a in above-mentioned intermediate temperature range can be set For the heat conductivity more than layer 34b.Base material 34a preferably employs the material that heat conductivity is bigger in copper based material Expect that such as heat conductivity is more than the red brass of phosphor bronze, fine copper, tough pitch copper or oxygen-free copper.By by base material 34a Heat conductivity be set to promote more greatly the conduction of heat by base material 34a such that it is able to reduce cool storage material exist The radially temperature difference on (direction orthogonal with stacked direction P).This is favorably improved one-level regenerator 30 In heat exchange efficiency.
In one embodiment, the one-level cool storage material being configured at low temperature side part 44 can possess formation For spherical zinc system cool storage material.
Fig. 5 is the signal of the structure representing two grades of regenerators 60 involved by one embodiment of the present invention Figure.Two grades of regenerators 60 have different structures in high temperature side part 62 and low temperature side part 64.Two Level regenerator 60 is configured to the high temperature sidepiece when regenerative refrigerator (such as GM refrigeration machine 1) normally work The temperature dividing the border 66 between 62 and low temperature side part 64 becomes about 30K.
Two grades of cool storage materials are constituted by being formed as the most spherical particle.Therefore, it can arrange on border 66 For the partition member that high temperature side part 62 and low temperature side part 64 are separated.Border 66 and working gas Flow direction substantially vertical.The particle diameter scope at such as 0.1mm to 1mm or the model of 0.2mm to 0.5mm In enclosing.Particle diameter in high temperature side part 62 can be more than the particle diameter in low temperature side part 64.
The two grades of cool storage materials being configured at high temperature side part 62 possess zinc system cool storage material.As it has been described above, zinc It is that cool storage material is made up of zinc system metal.Therefore, the high temperature side at two grades of regenerators 60 is filled with such as ball The zinc granule of shape.In another embodiment, high temperature side part 62 is configured to and one-level regenerator 30 Low temperature side is same.That is, high temperature side part 62 can possess and have the part formed by zinc system metal (such as Base material or layer) metal gauze.
The two grades of cool storage materials being configured at low temperature side part 64 can be HoCu2Etc. so-called magnetic cold-storage material Material.The magnetic that specific heat is increased by magnetic cold-storage material along with the magnetic phase transition under ultra-low temperature surroundings is used as to store Cold material.Or, the two grades of cool storage materials being configured at low temperature side part 64 can be by such as bismuth, stannum or lead etc. High specific heat material at a temperature of two grade low-temp end 53b is formed.
It addition, from the standpoint of environmental protection, zinc system cool storage material is the most leaded (inevitable except belonging to Except in the case of impurity).Similarly, about the cool storage material beyond zinc system cool storage material it is also preferred that the most leaded (except in the case of belonging to inevitable impurity).
According to present embodiment, high-temperature portion, medium temperature portion and low-temp. portion at refrigeration machine are each configured with height Temperature cool storage material, medium temperature cool storage material and low temperature cool storage material.Especially, by middle temperature Degree portion uses zinc system cool storage material, it is possible to improve the low-temp. portion of one-level regenerator 30 and two grades of regenerators The specific heat of the high-temperature portion of 60.It is as a result, it is possible to improve changing in one-level regenerator 30 and two grades of regenerators 60 The thermal efficiency, even can improve the refrigerating capacity of refrigeration machine.
The most once, the most not yet learn utilize in the temperature range of 30K to 80K zinc or with Zinc is the alloy technology as the cool storage material of regenerative refrigerator of main constituent.At the copper based material described Middle red brass is the alloy of the copper with copper as main constituent and zinc.Red brass generally comprises the copper peace treaty of about 90% The zinc of 10%.The ratio of zinc is at most about 20%.Therefore, red brass is not the alloy with zinc as main constituent.
Fig. 6 is the figure of the refrigerating capacity representing the regenerative refrigerator involved by one embodiment of the present invention Table.Figure 6 illustrates the temperature utilizing the actual one-level cooling stage 35 measured of GM refrigeration machine 1 and refrigeration energy Relation between power.In the chart shown in Fig. 6, circle symbol represents not gold to one-level regenerator 30 Belong to silk screen and implement measurement result when zinc is electroplated, the square expression metal to the low temperature side of one-level regenerator 30 Measurement result during zinc plating implemented by silk screen.
Knowable to this chart, within the scope of the temperature of about below 50K, with the one-level system being not carried out when zinc is electroplated Cold energy power is compared, and one-level refrigerating capacity when implementing zinc plating is improved.Such as, by implementing electricity Plating, the 46.6W when one-level refrigerating capacity under 40K is never electroplated improves to 51.6W, by ratio Calculating improves about 11%.Low temperature, the effect of zinc plating is the biggest.Such as, electroplated by enforcement, 18.7W when one-level refrigerating capacity under 30K is never electroplated improves to 30.0W, carries by ratio calculation High by about 60%.
Above, describe the present invention according to embodiment.The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment party Formula, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that and can implement various design alteration, and can implement various deformation Example, and this variation is also within the scope of the invention.
In the above-described embodiment, two grades of regenerators are at the standby cold-storage different from zinc system cool storage material of low temperature measuring tool Material, but it is not limited to this.Two grades of regenerators can also possess zinc system cool storage material at low temperature side.This In the case of, whole two grades of regenerators can be formed by the most spherical zinc granule.Such zinc granule can obtain at a low price ?.Therefore, compared with the situation of the cool storage material using the replacement lead such as bismuth, it is possible to manufacture two grades of cold-storages at a low price Device.This structure is suitable for the refrigeration machine of the high temperature that temperature is greater than about 10K of two grade low-temp ends.
But, the specific heat peak value as the helium of working gas is about 10K.Further, the density contrast peak value of helium Also substantially samely with specific heat peak value for about 10K (here, the density contrast of helium refers to that helium is that high pressure is (from pressure The supply pressure of contracting machine supply) time the difference that density and helium are density during low pressure (pressure after expansion)). Therefore, when the low-temperature end of two grades of regenerators is cooled to 4K level, specific heat and the density contrast peak value of helium exist Axially occur in the mid portion of two grades of regenerators on (flow direction of helium).
The inventors discovered that, by the specific heat of working gas and the density contrast peak region of high voltage/low voltage Reduce the specific heat of cool storage material, it is possible to increase the refrigerating capacity of regenerative refrigerator.By at above-mentioned pars intermedia Set up separately and put the cool storage material that specific heat is less, it is possible to make the temperature of this part become higher (this be equivalent to utilize The cool storage material that specific heat is bigger constitutes the situation of whole two grades of regenerators and compares, and relaxes the temperature of two grades of regenerators Characteristic curve).Thus by the temperature improving mid portion, it is possible to reduce the gas being stuck in this part Amount.It is taken as that, it is possible to increasing the gas flow flowing into compound expansion room, result can improve cooling effect.
Therefore, in another embodiment, two grades of regenerators 60 can possess and are cooled to about 5K to about The position of the temperature range of 30K (or about 20K), this position can possess zinc system cool storage material.In this feelings Under condition, two grades of regenerators 60 are configured to when regenerative refrigerator (such as GM refrigeration machine 1) normally works The temperature on the border 66 between high temperature side part 62 and low temperature side part 64 becomes about 5K (such as 5K Above below 8K).Further, two grades of regenerators 60 more (can also be higher than by high temperature side than border 66 The high temperature of 20K) possess another 1 border.Zinc system coolness storing material can be set at the low temperature side on this another 1 border Material, arranges specific heat at such a temperature at high temperature side and is more than the cool storage material of zinc system cool storage material.Or, two grades Regenerator 60 can possess zinc system cool storage material at the high temperature side on this another 1 border, is arranged at low temperature side At a temperature of Gai, specific heat be more than the cool storage material of zinc system cool storage material.
Fig. 7 is the signal of the structure representing two grades of regenerators 160 involved by one embodiment of the present invention Figure.Two grades of regenerators 160 possess high temperature side cold-storage portion 162 and low temperature side cold-storage portion 164.High temperature side cold-storage Portion 162 is adjacent one another are with low temperature side cold-storage portion 164.Two grades of regenerators 160 are configured in regenerative refrigerator During (such as GM refrigeration machine 1) normally work between high temperature side cold-storage portion 162 and low temperature side cold-storage portion 164 The temperature on border 166 becomes e.g., from about 5K~about 10K.
High temperature side cold-storage portion 162 possesses the 1st section 168 and adjacent with the low temperature side of the 1st section 168 2nd section 170.High temperature side cold-storage portion 162 has the limit between the 1st section the 168 and the 2nd section 170 Boundary 172.1st section 168 possesses zinc system cool storage material (the zinc system metal such as such as zinc).2nd section 170 possess the non magnetic cool storage material different from zinc system cool storage material.This non magnetic cool storage material is in the 2nd district Specific heat per unit volume in the temperature (e.g., from about 10K) on section 170 or border 166 is more than zinc system cool storage material (example Such as zinc) specific heat per unit volume.Non magnetic cool storage material for example, bismuth.In one embodiment, non magnetic storage Cold material can be stannum.Or, in one embodiment, non magnetic cool storage material can containing bismuth and/ Or stannum.
Low temperature side cold-storage portion 164 possesses the 3rd section 174 and adjacent with the low temperature side of the 3rd section 174 4th section 176.Low temperature side cold-storage portion 164 has the limit between the 3rd section the 174 and the 4th section 176 Boundary 178.It is filled with magnetic cold-storage material at the 3rd section the 174 and the 4th section 176.At the 3rd section 174 are filled with the 1st magnetic cold-storage material such as HoCu2, it is filled with at the 4th section 176 and stores with the 1st magnetic The 2nd magnetic cold-storage material such as Gd that cold material is different2O2S(GOS).In one embodiment, low A kind of magnetic cold-storage material can be filled by temperature cold-storage portion, side 164.
Two grades of cool storage materials are constituted by being formed as the most spherical particle.Therefore, partition member can set respectively It is placed in border 166,172,178.Border 166,172,178 is the most vertical with the flow direction of working gas Directly.
Fig. 8 is the performance test results representing the regenerative refrigerator involved by one embodiment of the present invention Chart.Figure 8 illustrates and utilize the GM refrigeration machine 1 possessing two shown in Fig. 7 grade regenerator 160 real One-level cooling stage 35 that border is measured and two grades of respective temperature of cooling stage 85 with in high temperature side cold-storage portion 162 The volumetric ratio of the 1st section 168 (total relative to high temperature side cold-storage portion 162 of the volume of the i.e. the 1st section 168 Ratio shared by volume) between relation.One-level cooling stage 35 and two grades of cooling stagees 85 are applied with respectively A certain heat load.Represent the mensuration temperature of one-level cooling stage 35 with diamond indicia, represent with square indicia The mensuration temperature of two grades of cooling stagees 85.
In this embodiment, the 1st section 168 in high temperature side cold-storage portion 162 is filled with zinc, at high temperature 2nd section 170 in cold-storage portion, side 162 is filled with bismuth.Therefore, when the 1st section 168 shown in Fig. 8 When volumetric ratio is 1, high temperature side cold-storage portion 162 is only made up of zinc, not bismuth-containing.When volumetric ratio is 0, phase Instead, high temperature side cold-storage portion 162 is only made up of bismuth, without zinc.When volumetric ratio is such as 0.5, high temperature In cold-storage portion, side 162, the half at high temperature side is filled with zinc, at the one of low temperature side in high temperature side cold-storage portion 162 Partly it is filled with bismuth.
As shown in Figure 8, (that is, high along with the volumetric ratio of the 1st section 168 in high temperature side cold-storage portion 162 Zinc system cool storage material in temperature cold-storage portion, side 162 or the volumetric ratio of zinc) increase to 1 from 0, one-level cooling stage The temperature of 35 declines.This is identical principle with the raising of the one-level refrigerating capacity with reference to Fig. 6 explanation.Another Aspect, along with the volumetric ratio of the 1st section 168 in high temperature side cold-storage portion 162 increases, two grades of cooling stagees 85 Temperature somewhat rise.
Therefore, as it can be seen, be intended to by the temperature of the temperature of one-level cooling stage 35 and two grades of cooling stagees 85 this two When person is all set to relatively low low temperature, the volumetric ratio of the 1st section 168 in high temperature side cold-storage portion 162 exists Good value.The volumetric ratio of the 1st section 168 in high temperature side cold-storage portion 162 is preferably selected from the model of 0.4 to 0.8 Enclose, be more preferably selected from the scope of 0.5 to 0.7.By using such volumetric ratio by high temperature side cold-storage portion 162 double-deckers being set to zinc and bismuth, it is possible to well to one-level cooling stage 35 and two grades of cooling stagees Cool down both 85.
Fig. 9 is to represent that the temperature characterisitic of two grades of regenerators 160 involved by one embodiment of the present invention is bent The figure of one example of line.Figure 9 illustrates the distance mark from the temperature end of two grades of regenerators 160 to low-temperature end The temperature characteristics of two grades of regenerators 160 when standard turns to 1.The temperature characterisitic of two grades of regenerators 160 is bent Line is not the curve linearly reduced towards low-temperature end from temperature end, has significantly temperature at temperature end Decline.As it is shown in figure 9, the temperature in the temperature end (standardization distance is 0) of two grades of regenerators 160 is About 40K, the temperature in low-temperature end (standardization distance is 1) is less than 5K.The temperature of two grades of regenerators 160 Degree characteristic curve drops to about 10K in the scope of such as 0.2~the 0.4 of standardization distance.
Figure 9 illustrates and be filled in 4 kinds of feelings that the non magnetic cool storage material in high temperature side cold-storage portion 162 is different Condition.Wherein, in the case of 3 kinds, it is filled with a kind of cool storage material (lead in high temperature side cold-storage portion 162 (Pb), bismuth (Bi), zinc (Zn)).In the case of remaining a kind, in high temperature side cold-storage portion 162 The volumetric ratio of the 1st section 168 is 0.5 (Zn:Bi=1:1).
From accompanying drawing, as Zn:Bi=1:1, in about the 0.2 of standardization distance~the scope of about 0.4 Temperature the highest.Thereby, it is possible to obtain " mild " temperature characteristics.Therefore, energy described above Enough improve two-stage system cold energy power.
In the above-described embodiment, the cross section to wire rod 34 is that the most circular isotropic situation is carried out Illustrate, but be not limited to this.Figure 10 is the wire rod of the metal gauze involved by another embodiment of the present invention The sectional view of 234.Wire rod 234 possesses base material 234a and covers the layer of zinc system metal of this base material 234a 234b.In the same manner as the base material 34a shown in Fig. 4, base material 234a is formed by the wire rod of copper system or ferrum system. The cross section of wire rod 234 width W1 on stacked direction P is less than intersecting with stacked direction P in cross section Width W2 on direction (such as orthogonal with stacked direction P direction R).Especially, the surface of wire rod 234 There are 2 planar portions 236,238 opposite each other on stacked direction P.This wire rod 234 can pass through To such as cross section be circular base material implement rolling process and utilize base material that zinc system metallic cover is processed as and Formed.
Sectional view when Figure 11 is will to have a metal gauze stacking 2 of the wire rod 234 shown in Figure 10.If By the metal gauze that is made up of wire rod 234 along stacked direction P stacking, then the wire rod of the metal gauze of upside The underside plan portion 238 of 234 contacts with the upper side plane portion 236 of the wire rod 234 of the metal gauze of downside. Now, their contact area is contact area during circle more than the cross section of such as wire rod.Therefore, it is possible to Make contact stress dispersion during filling such that it is able to alleviate the damage of coating layer.
In the above-described embodiment, one-level regenerator 30 is had N sheet metal gauze 32-1~32-N edge The situation the stepped construction that stacked direction P is laminated is illustrated, but is not limited to this.Such as, One-level cool storage material can also have and will be formed with the metallic plate in multiple hole or expanded metal stacking multi-disc forms Stepped construction.In such a case, it is possible to arrange the coating formed by plating on the metallic plate of low temperature side Layer.Such porose metallic plate can also be similarly possessed about two grades of regenerators 60.
In the above-described embodiment, it is illustrated for example with GM refrigeration machine 1, but is not limited to this, Regenerator portion involved by embodiment can also be equipped on other kinds of regenerative refrigerator such as GM type Or on Stirling Type Pulse Tube Cryocooler, sterlin refrigerator, all refrigeration machines of Sol.
Further, in the above-described embodiment, it is illustrated with two-stage type regenerative refrigerator for example, but Being not limited to this, the regenerator portion involved by embodiment can also be equipped on single stage type or the storage of more than three grades On cold type refrigeration machine.In the case of single stage type, in order to obtain carrying of refrigerating capacity based on zinc system cool storage material Height, is preferably used the regenerative refrigerator being configured to provide the chilling temperature of below 80K.
The GM refrigeration machine 1 or other regenerative refrigerator that are equipped with cool storage material involved by embodiment can For use as super conduction Magnet, cryopump, X ray detector, infrared ray sensor, quantum photonic detection Instrument, semiconductor detector, dilution refrigeration machine, He3 refrigeration machine, adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration machine, helium liquefier, Cooling body in cryostat etc. or liquid body.

Claims (16)

1. a regenerative refrigerator, it is characterised in that possess:
Regenerator portion, carries out pre-cooling to working gas;And
Decompressor, makes described working gas cold by making to be expanded by the working gas of described regenerator portion pre-cooling But,
Described regenerator portion possesses the zinc system cool storage material being made up of zinc or the alloy with zinc as main constituent,
Described regenerator portion possesses the position of the temperature range being cooled to 30K to 80K, and this position possesses institute State zinc system cool storage material.
2. a regenerative refrigerator, it is characterised in that possess:
Regenerator portion, carries out pre-cooling to working gas;And
Decompressor, makes described working gas cold by making to be expanded by the working gas of described regenerator portion pre-cooling But,
Described regenerator portion possesses the zinc system cool storage material being made up of zinc or the alloy with zinc as main constituent,
Described regenerator portion possesses the two grades of regenerators possessing described zinc system cool storage material at high temperature side,
Described two grades of regenerators possess the position of the temperature range being cooled to 5K to 30K, and this position possesses Described zinc system cool storage material.
Regenerative refrigerator the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that
Described two grades of regenerators possess the cool storage material different from described zinc system cool storage material at low temperature side.
Regenerative refrigerator the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that
Described two grades of regenerators possess described zinc system cool storage material at low temperature side.
Regenerative refrigerator the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that
Described two grades of regenerators possess at described high temperature side and have the 1st section and the low temperature with described 1st section The high temperature side cold-storage portion of the 2nd section that side is adjacent,
Described 1st section possesses described zinc system cool storage material, and described 2nd section possesses and described zinc system cold-storage The non magnetic cool storage material that material is different.
Regenerative refrigerator the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that
The non magnetic cool storage material different from described zinc system cool storage material possesses bismuth or stannum.
Regenerative refrigerator the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that
The volumetric ratio of described 1st section in described high temperature side cold-storage portion is in the range of 0.4 to 0.8.
Regenerative refrigerator the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that
The volumetric ratio of described 1st section in described high temperature side cold-storage portion is in the range of 0.5 to 0.7.
Regenerative refrigerator the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that
Described two grades of regenerators possess the low temperature side cold-storage portion adjacent with the low temperature side in described high temperature side cold-storage portion,
Described low temperature side cold-storage portion possesses magnetic cold-storage material.
Regenerative refrigerator the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that
Described regenerator portion possesses the one-level regenerator possessing described zinc system cool storage material at low temperature side.
11. regenerative refrigerator according to claim 10, it is characterised in that
Described one-level regenerator possesses the cool storage material different from described zinc system cool storage material at high temperature side.
12. regenerative refrigerator according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that
Described zinc system cool storage material is formed as spherical or stratiform.
13. regenerative refrigerator according to claim 12, it is characterised in that
Described zinc system cool storage material possesses the zinc of cladding base material or the layer of the alloy with zinc as main constituent.
14. regenerative refrigerator according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that
Described zinc system cool storage material is the most leaded.
15. 1 kinds of one-level regenerators, it is characterised in that
Described one-level regenerator possesses high-temperature portion and low-temp. portion, and described high-temperature portion possesses the 1st cool storage material, institute State low-temp. portion and possess 2nd cool storage material different from described 1st cool storage material, described 2nd cool storage material tool The standby zinc system cool storage material being made up of zinc or the alloy with zinc as main constituent,
Described zinc system cool storage material is cooled to the temperature range of 30K to 80K.
16. 1 kinds of two grades of regenerators, it is characterised in that
Described two grades of regenerators possess high-temperature portion and low-temp. portion, and described high-temperature portion possesses the 2nd cool storage material, institute State low-temp. portion and possess 3rd cool storage material different from described 2nd cool storage material, described 2nd cool storage material tool The standby zinc system cool storage material being made up of zinc or the alloy with zinc as main constituent,
Described zinc system cool storage material is cooled to the temperature range of 5K to 30K.
CN201410384207.3A 2013-09-17 2014-08-06 Regenerative refrigerator, one-level regenerator and two grades of regenerators Active CN104457007B (en)

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JP2013-191537 2013-09-17
JP2013191537 2013-09-17
JP2014-094959 2014-05-02
JP2014094959A JP6305193B2 (en) 2013-09-17 2014-05-02 Regenerative refrigerator, one-stage regenerator, and two-stage regenerator

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CN104457007B true CN104457007B (en) 2017-01-04

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JPH03117855A (en) * 1989-09-29 1991-05-20 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Chiller type cryogenic refrigerator
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CN102635967A (en) * 2011-02-15 2012-08-15 住友重机械工业株式会社 Regenerative refrigerator
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6023761A (en) * 1983-07-18 1985-02-06 アイシン精機株式会社 Refrigerator and system thereof
JPH03117855A (en) * 1989-09-29 1991-05-20 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Chiller type cryogenic refrigerator
JPH1137582A (en) * 1997-07-23 1999-02-12 Daikin Ind Ltd Cold storage material and cold storage refrigerator
CN1343241A (en) * 1999-04-09 2002-04-03 水谷耕治 Cold storage agent, cold storage bag and cold storage box
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