CN104439032A - Valve body forging method - Google Patents
Valve body forging method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104439032A CN104439032A CN201410520064.4A CN201410520064A CN104439032A CN 104439032 A CN104439032 A CN 104439032A CN 201410520064 A CN201410520064 A CN 201410520064A CN 104439032 A CN104439032 A CN 104439032A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/20—Making machine elements valve parts
- B21K1/24—Making machine elements valve parts valve bodies; valve seats
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of valve body manufacturing, in particular to a valve body forging method. The valve body forging method saves materials and energy and reduces consumption on the condition of meeting the requirement of customers for product diversification. At first, blank forming is achieved by utilizing free forging for executing the following steps of A, selecting round steel with the weight being 1.15-1.25 times the weight of a finished valve body, riveting the two ends of the round steel, conducting indentation material separation, and forging the round steel into the preset size; B, enabling the two ends of the round steel to get off a table, forging eccentricity of the middle and the two ends, and forging the two ends into 260-degree octagons; C, then utilizing pressing blocks for making octagonal pressure grooves in the two ends into the preset size, and ensuring that flanges and grooves of a green body are within the design size range. Then, final forming is achieved by adopting semi-die forging for executing the following steps of a, forging the middle octagon of the green body in a vertical die buckling and pressing mode; b, after the middle octagon is formed, controlling the height of the flanges at the two ends through cushion blocks and forging the flanges to be rounded; c, finally, trimming the sizes of all parts of the forged piece into the designed sizes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to valve body and manufacture field, especially a kind of valve body forging method.
Background technology
Valve products is widely used in the industries such as oil, chemical industry, nuclear power, metallurgy, electric power, waterpower, large-scale Coal Chemical Industry.Along with the transfer of oil development upcountry oil field and offshore oilfield, and power industry by the thermoelectricity of less than 300,000 kilowatts to the thermoelectricity of more than 300,000 kilowatts and water power and nuclear power developing, valve products also should change its performances and parameters of corresponding change according to equipment application.Oil transportation, Gas transmission project are to channelization future development, and this needs again a large amount of flat gate valves and ball valve.The another side of energy development is exactly energy-conservation, so from economize energy aspect, develop Automatic steam trap Trap, and to subcritical and postcritical high parameter development.The construction in power station keeps the large-scale development, so need use safety valve and the pressure-reducing valve of heavy caliber and high pressure, also need with fast opening/closing valve etc., valve has become the key equipment of manufacturing industry, transport service, Nuclear Power Industry simultaneously.The key components and parts of valve is valve body, and it is directly connected with pipeline, and general structure is fairly simple, but requires higher to the accurate to dimension of valve body, surface roughness, axiality and position degree.The quality of its performance decides the length in valve working life-span to a great extent.And valve body in the course of the work, often touch liquid or gas medium, be easily corroded and lost efficacy, if valve body itself is inner or outside exists crackle, the possibility of inefficacy can be larger.In new period Petroleum Industry and conveying, new requirement is proposed as born high pressure, anti-corrosion, energy-saving consumption-reducing, environment-friendly type etc. to valve, at present, valve body prepared by most of producer, substantially the requirement of petroleum transportation industry can be met, but the comprehensive serviceability of valve body and manufacturing cost cannot meet manufacturing growth requirement---the requirement of near-net-shape technology, namely Performance and Cost Modeling is disproportionate, especially on some large valve bodies of preparation.
The production method of valve body generally has casting, forging, bar to be shaped, and casting is more traditional method, and because preparation process is simple, generally not high to performance requirement valve body all adopts this kind of method.But due to valve body moulding tissue looseness, coarse grains, easily produce shrinkage cavity and porosity, be mingled with, the casting flaw such as pore, wall unevenness are even, crackle, cause its surface roughness, pressure-bearing and corrosion resistance poor.So the oil more severe for working environment or carrier, the performance of casting valve body cannot meet its instructions for use at all.The people such as Chen Siwei improve the serviceability of casting valve body by improving casting technique.It is by the research to the technique of cast steel valve body, find 1. to improve smelting process, adopt quick oxygen decarburization, the content that minimizing phosphorus, sulphur are mingled with, suitably improves tapping temperature, extends the time of repose of molten steel in ladle after tapping, pouring temperature about the 1540 DEG C cast of limit on the lower side should be adopted, make molten steel quick solidification in sand mold, gas can be reduced in sand mold and is mingled with the chance of invading people, reduce shrinkage porosite.The defects such as shrinkage cavity; 2. improve technology for making sand, adopt CO2 waterglass hardening process, sand core internal need fill the deformability that straw rope etc. increases core, produces stress cracking when preventing molten steel solidification from shrinking; 3. lower core difficulty in valve body casting process can be solved by improvement formative technology and Technology for Heating Processing, molten steel string skin, wall unevenness is even, the problems such as the valve body that stress distribution inequality causes is yielding, substantially increase the serviceability of casting valve body, but above-mentioned process modification process are comparatively complicated, require higher to the technical merit of workman, manufacturing cost is higher, and the corrosion resistance of foundry goods or relatively low, performance and manufacturing cost all do not meet the requirement of green manufacturing.
For foundry goods Problems existing, the Wu Bin of Nanjing Aero-Space University adopts the design feature according to 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel body, make Forging Technology, utilize UG (NX6) software Computer Aided Design forging mold, according to large, medium and small three kinds of bar sizes examination forging, determine bar blank size, final production goes out qualified parts.What this process adopted is that full die forging is forged, and internal soundness and the outer surface quality of forging are guaranteed, simultaneously with UG (NX6) for instrument, the three-dimensional mould designed, three-dimensional mould has intuitively, is convenient to the advantage of follow-up digital control processing.But 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel resistance of deformation is comparatively large, and plasticity is low, require higher to mould and press device, manufacturing cost is high, is only suitable for the production of valve body forging in enormous quantities.
Hunan railway Vocationl Technical College Liu Geng force waits people for the quality problems existed after valve body forging as crackle, end face shrinkage cavity, the defect analysis discussion such as folding and uneven, think in forging process, because valve body forging end face temperature is lower, changes of section is larger, the distribution of material is reasonable not, and result in metal flow difficulty is the main cause causing quality problems.By carrying out the Forging Technology of process modification-i.e. employing " two connect " to it, extract middle pole part afterwards, then break it into two by the method for gas cutting.After process modification, materials decrease, and the uneven quality problems in unborn crackle, reducing and joint obtain and solve up hill and dale.Although this technique ensure that mechanical performance and the surface quality of valve body, still needing to improve in saving valve body materials, the material of saving is only 1.2%, and its technique relative complex, the manufacturing cycle is longer.
The valve inner quality and performance that common contour forging technique is produced all can reach the requirement of operating mode, but it requires high to mould, and under the trend of current economize energy and material, the valve body intermediate portion of common die forging mostly is square, does not reach energy-saving and cost-reducing requirement.And client may need than relatively large valve body, large-scale valve body adopts full die forging difficulty comparatively large, and manufacturing cost is higher.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is under the prerequisite meeting consumer product diversified demand, provides a kind of and saves material, energy-saving and cost-reducing valve body forging method.
The present invention solves the valve body forging method that its technical problem adopts,
First flat-die forging is utilized to carry out following steps, to realize base:
A, the round steel of 1.15 ~ 1.25 times selecting weight to be valve body finished weight, the two ends of riveting forging round steel, and carry out impression sub-material, round steel is swaged into pre-set dimension;
B, by round steel two ends leave office, forge the bias at mid portion and two ends, then two ends be swaged into 260 ° of octagonals; Two ends are the flange of following valve body, and mid portion is the major part of following valve body;
Anistree indent to pre-set dimension, is guaranteed that the flange of base substrate and groove are in the size range designed by C, recycling briquetting; At mould toward when pressing down, the shape according to model presses out, because the inside is fluted, so claim indent; Namely indent technique makes to form groove between two ends and mid portion, i.e. the junction of the following major part of valve body and flange;
Then semi-stamping is adopted to carry out following steps, to be finally shaped:
A, utilize the mode of withholding mould up and down forge base substrate in the middle of anistree, be swaged into octagonal by mid portion;
B, after middle anistree shaping, two end flanges cushion blocks are controlled well forging circle after height;
C, finishing touch forging each several part size are to design size.
Further, after the step c adopting semi-stamping, also Step d is comprised: forging rear annealing process is carried out to forging, to eliminate internal stress.
Further, in Step d, annealing adopts following technique: valve body is slowly heated to 500 DEG C ~ 650 DEG C with stove, after insulation a period of time, slowly cools to less than 200 DEG C come out of the stove and carry out air cooling with stove.
Further, the material of round steel is the structural alloy steel of Wc=0.25-0.45%, WCr=0.8-1.0%, WMo=0.15-0.25%.
Further, before whole forging starts, initial forging temperature should control at 1000 DEG C ~ 1250 DEG C; After whole forging terminates, final forging temperature should control at 700 DEG C-850 DEG C.
Further, after semi-stamping, by radial for forging modifier treatment: be heated to 800-900 DEG C and carry out Water Quenching, reheat afterwards between 500-650 DEG C and carry out temper, carry out water-cooled afterwards.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
What 1, adopt during base of the present invention is open die forging, fibr tissue and the forging profile of the forging of flat-die forging output are consistent substantially, metal streamline is complete, there is no Shrinkage cavity, can ensure that part not only has fine and close microstructure and beautiful outward appearance, and there is excellent mechanical property and longer service life, this be foundry goods incomparable.
What adopt when 2, the present invention is finally shaped is semi-stamping, and technique is simple, less demanding to mould, can according to the manufacture valve body of client to the particular/special requirement small lot of valve body shapes, size, multi items, high efficiency, low cost.
3, under the prerequisite not affecting serviceability, utilize semi-stamping technique that the mid portion of valve body is swaged into octagonal by square, the weight of required round steel billet is 1.15-1.25 times of valve weight, the steel billet that common die forging needs is then 1.45-1.55 times of valve weight, at least can save the material of 30%, meet the requirement of " green manufacturing ".
4, use equipment simple in the present invention, malleable wider range.At present, can forge the large-sized complex forging of about the 1t that weighs, real genus is domestic rare.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the forging drawing after step A completes;
Fig. 2 is the left view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the forging drawing after step B completes;
Fig. 4 is the left view of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the forging drawing after step C completes;
Fig. 6 is the left view of Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is the forging drawing after a step completes;
Fig. 8 is the left view of Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 is the forging drawing after b step completes;
Figure 10 is the left view of Fig. 9;
Figure 11 is the forging drawing after step c completes;
Figure 12 is the top view of Figure 11;
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 1, first the present invention utilizes flat-die forging to carry out following steps, to realize base:
A, the round steel of 1.15 ~ 1.25 times selecting weight to be valve body finished weight, the two ends of riveting forging round steel, and carry out impression sub-material, round steel is swaged into pre-set dimension; Forging schematic diagram after this step completes see shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, main part and the flange section of what impression was preliminary separated following valve body;
B, by round steel two ends leave office, forge the bias at mid portion and two ends, then two ends be swaged into 260 ° of octagonals; Two ends are the flange of following valve body, and mid portion is the major part of following valve body; Forging schematic diagram after this step completes is see shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, now first two ends are swaged into octagonal, are for follow-up forging circle is prepared, forge circle at the beginning, difficulty is large especially, require high to mould, possible hardly in open die forging, and the flow process of forging, the side of being swaged into, at forging circle, contribute to the formation of forging flow lines, good to the mechanical property of forging;
Anistree indent to pre-set dimension, is guaranteed that the flange of base substrate and groove are in the size range designed by C, recycling briquetting; At mould toward when pressing down, the shape according to model presses out, because the inside is fluted, so claim indent; Namely indent technique makes to form groove between two ends and mid portion, i.e. the junction of the following major part of valve body and flange; Forging signal after this step completes can see shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, blank forming now, and the preliminary blank of valve body presents;
Then semi-stamping is adopted to carry out following steps, to be finally shaped:
A, utilize the mode of withholding mould up and down forge base substrate in the middle of anistree, be swaged into octagonal by mid portion; Forging schematic diagram after this step completes is see shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, and Fig. 7 represents that the mode that mould is withheld in employing up and down forges middle anistree; Use semi-stamping that the mid portion of valve body is swaged into octagonal by square, the weight of required round steel billet is 1.15 ~ 1.25 times of valve weight, the steel billet that common die forging needs is then 1.45 ~ 1.55 times of valve weight, at least can save the material of 30%, meet the requirement of " green manufacturing ".
B, after middle anistree shaping, two end flanges cushion blocks are controlled well forging circle after height; Foundry goods schematic diagram after this step completes see shown in Fig. 9 and Figure 10, now valve body basic forming; This step flange forging circle can see describing in step B.
C, finishing touch forging each several part size, to design size, control two end flanges and are saved on same axis, and the offset of middle anistree block and two end flanges.Its final figure is see Figure 11 and Figure 12.
Provide embodiment below to be specifically described the present invention.What be necessary to herein means out is; following examples are only used to further illustrate the present invention; can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, some nonessential improvement that the person skilled in the art in this field makes the present invention according to content of the present invention and adjustment still belong to protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, what deserves to be explained is, following examples percentage used is all weight percentage; To measuring mechanical properties such as hardness HB, hot strength σ t that gained forging carries out; Carry out ultrasonic examination by ASTM A388-JB/T4730-2005 standard to forging after heat treatment, standard II grade is qualified; Finished product first carries out magnetic powder inspection according to ASTM E709-JB730.4, and standard II grade is qualified; Carry out water pressure test for strength by API Spec 6A PL 3 grades more afterwards, do not allow pressure drop phenomena.
In addition, the blank adopted in following examples is the alloy structure steel billet (square billet or ingot casting) of Wc=0.25-0.45%, WCr=0.8-1.0%, WMo=0.15-0.25%.The forging equipment that following examples adopt is: the 3t Single arm that the dynamo-electric Co., Ltd of the different brightness in Beijing manufactures, moulds of industrial equipment used and be oneself design customization during semi-stamping.Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1
First 35CrMo steel alloy blank (420 × 320 × 260) good for blanking is caused 410 × 310 × 250mm through 3T forging hammer open die forging, riveting forging two ends, and leave office in two ends by impression sub-material, forge offset, two ends are swaged into 260 ° of anises again, adopt briquetting that anise is long to 165 × 165 × 85mm by the part indent that square 50mm is long, guarantee the long 80mm of termination flange, and the long 85mm of groove; Then adopt the mode of withholding mould up and down to forge middle anistree, direction can not be detained anti-by attention, and square in the middle of revising when withholding anise controls height 305mm and the width 250mm of middle square, guarantees length 250mm-260mm; After middle square forging puts in place, then two end flanges cushion blocks are controlled highly to forge circle.Finally revise each several part size to forging drawing illustrated dimension, control two end flanges and keep on same axis, and middle anistree block and two ends flange eccentric amount, carry out forging rear annealing process elimination internal stress afterwards.Finally carry out a small amount of subsequent treatment (machined, heat treatment), performance test results is in table 1.
Table 1
Embodiment 2
First 30CrMo steel alloy blank (420 × 320 × 260) good for blanking is caused 410 × 310 × 250 through 3T forging hammer open die forging, riveting forging two ends, and leave office in two ends by impression sub-material, forge bias, two ends are swaged into 260 ° of anises again, adopt briquetting that anise is long to 165 × 165 × 85mm by the part indent that square 50mm is long, guarantee the long 80mm of termination flange, and the long 85mm of groove; Then adopt the mode of withholding mould up and down to forge middle anistree, direction can not be detained anti-by attention, and square in the middle of revising when withholding anise controls height 305mm and the width 250mm of middle square, guarantees length 250mm-260mm; After middle square forging puts in place, then two end flanges cushion blocks are controlled highly to forge circle.Finally revise each several part size to forging drawing illustrated dimension, control two end flanges and keep on same axis, and middle anistree block and two ends flange eccentric amount, carry out forging rear annealing process elimination internal stress afterwards.Finally carry out a small amount of subsequent treatment (machined, heat treatment).Performance test results is in table 2.
Table 2
Embodiment 3
First 35CrMo steel alloy blank (620 × 520 × 460) good for blanking is caused 610 × 510 × 450mm through 3T forging hammer open die forging, riveting forging two ends, and leave office in two ends by impression sub-material, forge offset, two ends are swaged into 260 ° of anises again, adopt briquetting that anise is long to 265 × 265 × 1055mm by the part indent that square 80mm is long, guarantee the long 100mm of termination flange, and the long 105mm of groove; Then adopt the mode of withholding mould up and down to forge middle anistree, direction can not be detained anti-by attention, and square in the middle of revising when withholding anise controls height 405mm and the width 350mm of middle square, guarantees length 350mm-360mm; After middle square forging puts in place, then two end flanges cushion blocks are controlled highly to forge circle.Finally revise each several part size to forging drawing illustrated dimension, control two end flanges and keep on same axis, and middle anistree block and two ends flange eccentric amount, carry out forging rear annealing process elimination internal stress afterwards.Finally carry out a small amount of subsequent treatment (machined, heat treatment).Performance test results is in table 3.
Table 3
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. valve body forging method, is characterized in that:
First flat-die forging is utilized to carry out following steps, to realize base:
A, the round steel of 1.15 ~ 1.25 times selecting weight to be valve body finished weight, the two ends of riveting forging round steel, and carry out impression sub-material, round steel is swaged into pre-set dimension;
B, by round steel two ends leave office, forge the bias at mid portion and two ends, then two ends be swaged into 260 ° of octagonals;
Anistree for two ends indent to pre-set dimension, is guaranteed that the flange of base substrate and groove are in the size range designed by C, recycling briquetting;
Then semi-stamping is adopted to carry out following steps, to be finally shaped:
A, utilize the mode of withholding mould up and down forge base substrate in the middle of anistree;
B, after middle anistree shaping, two end flanges cushion blocks are controlled well forging circle after height;
C, finishing touch forging each several part size are to design size.
2. valve body forging method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: after the step c adopting semi-stamping, also comprise Step d: carry out forging rear annealing process to forging, to eliminate internal stress.
3. valve body forging method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: in Step d, and annealing adopts following technique: valve body is slowly heated to 500 DEG C ~ 650 DEG C with stove, after insulation a period of time, slowly cools to less than 200 DEG C come out of the stove and carry out air cooling with stove.
4. valve body forging method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the material of round steel is Wc=0.25-0.45%, W
cr=0.8-1.0%, W
mothe structural alloy steel of=0.15-0.25%.
5. valve body forging method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: before whole forging starts, initial forging temperature should control at 1000 DEG C ~ 1250 DEG C; After whole forging terminates, final forging temperature should control at 700 DEG C-850 DEG C.
6. the valve body forging method as described in claim as arbitrary in claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that: after semi-stamping, by radial for forging modifier treatment: be heated to 800-900 DEG C and carry out Water Quenching, reheat afterwards between 500-650 DEG C and carry out temper, carry out water-cooled afterwards.
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| CN201410520064.4A CN104439032B (en) | 2014-09-30 | 2014-09-30 | valve body forging method |
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| CN201410520064.4A CN104439032B (en) | 2014-09-30 | 2014-09-30 | valve body forging method |
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| CN104439032B CN104439032B (en) | 2017-02-15 |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104907475A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2015-09-16 | 南车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | Integral forging mold of valve body with flanges, and forging method |
| CN106077389A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-11-09 | 二十二冶集团精密锻造有限公司 | The multidirectional precision die forging process of valve with flange |
| CN106111861A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-16 | 安徽省瑞杰锻造有限责任公司 | 5Cr13 deflector roll recess moulding process |
| CN109794569A (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2019-05-24 | 宁波埃美柯铜阀门有限公司 | A kind of brass water nozzle hot forging of valve body bends molding production technology |
| CN113000775A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-06-22 | 淮安方圆锻造有限公司 | Method for forging multi-way valve at wellhead of oil production well |
| CN113441664A (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-09-28 | 中机精密成形产业技术研究院（安徽）股份有限公司 | Method for forging and forming three-way water-distribution joint of aluminum alloy for fire fighting |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104907475A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2015-09-16 | 南车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | Integral forging mold of valve body with flanges, and forging method |
| CN106077389A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-11-09 | 二十二冶集团精密锻造有限公司 | The multidirectional precision die forging process of valve with flange |
| CN106111861A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-16 | 安徽省瑞杰锻造有限责任公司 | 5Cr13 deflector roll recess moulding process |
| CN109794569A (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2019-05-24 | 宁波埃美柯铜阀门有限公司 | A kind of brass water nozzle hot forging of valve body bends molding production technology |
| CN113000775A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-06-22 | 淮安方圆锻造有限公司 | Method for forging multi-way valve at wellhead of oil production well |
| CN113441664A (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-09-28 | 中机精密成形产业技术研究院（安徽）股份有限公司 | Method for forging and forming three-way water-distribution joint of aluminum alloy for fire fighting |
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| CN104439032B (en) | 2017-02-15 |
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