CN1044356C - 洗涤粉中改性沸石助剂的制备方法 - Google Patents

洗涤粉中改性沸石助剂的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1044356C
CN1044356C CN95104969A CN95104969A CN1044356C CN 1044356 C CN1044356 C CN 1044356C CN 95104969 A CN95104969 A CN 95104969A CN 95104969 A CN95104969 A CN 95104969A CN 1044356 C CN1044356 C CN 1044356C
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CN1113263A (zh
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伊敏
田德祥
哈鸿飞
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Peking University
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Abstract

洗涤粉中改性沸石助剂的制备方法属于洗涤领域。本发明采用天然沸石经γ源辐照改性,改性后的沸石作为洗涤粉中的助剂替代原洗涤粉中的三聚磷酸钠,使之成为无磷污染的洗涤粉。其洗涤效果,去污能力优于原含磷洗涤粉。

Description

洗涤粉中改性沸石助剂的制备方法
本发明属于洗涤剂领域。
采用含有沸石A和混合助剂来替代洗涤粉中磷酸盐在西欧不少国家已被作为生产不含磷酸盐洗涤粉,我国当前也在研究以沸石或聚丙烯酸酯类等取代三聚磷酸钠的理想助剂,见文献:
[1]M.J.Schwuger and E.J.Smulders,in“detergency-Theory and Fechnology”(W.G.Cutles,and E.Kissa,ed)MarcelDekker,New York 1987
[2]E.J Smulders and Krings,Ind world surfactantCongress(CESIO)Paris 1988
[3]邬曼君,90年代国外合成洗涤剂工业发展预测及我国发展对策5(23)1992
由于磷酸盐污染环境将使水体富营养化,而天然沸石在我国储量可观,分布面广,开发天然沸石并提高它作为洗涤剂助剂的性能以代替三聚磷酸钠既适应洗涤剂工业发展的需要,又改善了环境,使之产生巨大的社会效益和经济效益,这就是本发明的目的。
为提高天然沸石作为洗涤剂助剂的性能,本发明利用60Co-γ源对经预处理的天然沸石进行辐照,在保护气氛下与NaCl+RCH=CH-R′介质溶液,其中R为氢原子或碳原子数1-3的烷基或烯基,R′为酰胺基或羧基 ),进行反应,经改性后的沸石作助剂按比例掺入制成洗涤粉,在水溶性及去污能力等方面均得到了明显的改善,性能可与原含磷酸盐洗涤粉媲美。
沸石的改性按如下方法进行:
沸石预处理:粒径为40-200目的天然沸石经稀H2SO4浸泡24小时,倾泻洗涤至中性,再用稀NaOH溶液转型,清水洗数次至中性,在105℃下烘干备用。
辐照改性,可以用予辐照或共辐照进行。
1、经预处理沸石在γ辐射场内下辐照,剂量率50Gy/min,总剂量为15kGy;辐照后及时加入反应液NaCl(浓度5-15%)+RCH=CHR′(浓度大于20%),沸石与反应液比例约为重量比1∶(1-5),在通高纯氮的保护气氛中反应3-5小时,为保证反应在无氧条件下进行,通氮流量开始时可略大,以后的进行过程中只要保持冒气泡即可。若沸石量较大,反应液比例可适当减少,只需保持通入氮气后,沸石可以翻动为度。
2、第二种方法是将预处理的沸石与反应液(同上)以重量比1∶(1-3)混合,放入可密封容器中,为保证反应过程中无氧,通入高纯氮除氧后,密封反应体系进行γ辐照,剂量率50Gy/min,共辐照总剂量为10kGy以上。
反应后的沸石经过滤、烘干后作合成洗涤粉助剂用,改性后的沸石可长期存放而不改变其性能。通常,可按某厂洗涤剂的工艺配方,加入助剂量为15%(重量)代替三聚磷酸钠,其他成份不变。
实施例:
1份丝光沸石经磨细至40-60目后,经5%H2SO4浸泡1昼夜后,倾泻法洗至中性,再用5%NaOH转型后,清水洗涤3次,在105°下烘干待用。
经预处理后的天然沸石一半经60Coγ源直接辐照,剂量率50Gy/min;总剂量15kGy,辐照后立刻进行反应,其反应液组成为10%NaCl和20%
Figure C9510496900051
的水溶液,沸石:反应液为1∶3(重量比),通纯氮反应5小时,氮气流以平稳冒气泡为度。
经预处理后的天然沸石另一半与上述接枝反应液以重量比1∶3混合,通氮驱空气30分钟并密封反应容器,在60Coγ源下进行辐照共聚反应,剂量率50Gy/min;总剂量10kGy。
反应后的沸石,过滤烘干后,按助剂量15%配制成洗涤粉,其他原料除不加磷酸盐外均按原配方,制成的洗涤粉按照部颁标准常规分析,结果如下:
               改性沸石助剂   原含磷酸盐
                  洗涤粉        洗涤粉
色泽              本色          本色
外观              松散颗粒      松散颗粒
堆密度g/ml        0.625         0.89
水分及挥发物%    3.79          6.16
不溶物%18℃      16.3          21.6
   100℃          13.3          ~
乙醇不溶物%      63.7          79.6
氯化物%          0.673         0.304
泡沫量            1.14          1.00
去污能力          好            好
共聚反应结果与辐照后再反应结果类似,从分析结果可知,改性沸石助剂配制的洗涤粉在水中的溶解性而言,其沉淀量在室温时比含磷酸盐的洗涤粉的沉淀量还少。其它物理性能等亦较优,如颗粒疏松、泡沫量多,去污能力强。我国天然沸石储量可观、分布面广,很多省市均有γ辐照源,因此,辐照改性天然沸石作洗涤粉助剂是改善环境污染类洗涤剂的一个有前途的选取。

Claims (2)

1.一种洗涤粉中的改性沸石助剂的制备方法,其特征为:
1)天然沸石之预处理,天然沸石粒径为40-200目,用稀H2SO4浸泡24小时,倾写洗涤至中性,再用稀NaOH溶液转型,清水洗至中性,在105℃下烘干;
2)利用60Coγ源对预处理后之沸石进行辐照,剂量率50gGy/min,总剂量为15kGy;
3)辐照后改性,辐照后及时加入反应液为5-15%NaCl加大于20%RCH=CHR′的混合液,其中之R为氢原子或碳原子数1-3的烷基或链烯基,R′为酰胺基或羧基,沸石与反应液的比例为重量比1∶1-5,在高纯氮气氛中反应3-5小时;
2、一种洗涤粉中的改性沸石助剂的制备方法,其特征为:
1)天然沸石之预处理,沸石粒径为40-200目,用稀H2SO4浸泡24小时,倾写洗涤至中性,再用稀NaOH溶液转型,清水洗至中性,在105℃下烘干;
2)预处理沸石和5-15%NaCl加大于20%RCH=CHR′的反应液混合,其中之R为氢原子或碳原子数1-3的烷基或链烯基,R′为酰胺基或羧基,沸石与反应液之重量比为1∶1-3,通氮30分钟驱氧后密封反应体系;
3)对密封之反应体系用60Coγ源辐照,剂量率50gGy/min,总剂量为10kGy以上。
CN95104969A 1995-05-17 1995-05-17 洗涤粉中改性沸石助剂的制备方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1044356C (zh)

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CN1044078A (zh) * 1988-12-22 1990-07-25 帝国化学工业公司 沸石
CN1013568B (zh) * 1988-01-28 1991-08-21 曼-古特霍夫农舒特股份公司 散装物料连续输送装置

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1013568B (zh) * 1988-01-28 1991-08-21 曼-古特霍夫农舒特股份公司 散装物料连续输送装置
CN1044078A (zh) * 1988-12-22 1990-07-25 帝国化学工业公司 沸石

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