CN104435669B - 治疗感染性休克并发多脏器功能不全综合征的中药组合物 - Google Patents
治疗感染性休克并发多脏器功能不全综合征的中药组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于中医药技术领域,公开了一种治疗感染性休克并发多脏器功能不全综合征的中药组合物。本发明由红参、制附子、川芎、丹参、白头翁、木香、麦冬和番红花组合,使得各药物产生协同作用,从而能够更有效地清热解毒、扶正益气、活血化瘀,达到治疗感染性休克并发多脏器功能不全综合征的目的。本发明中药组合物的疗效确切,无毒副作用,总有效率达85.00%以上,具有良好的疗效和潜在的临床应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及治疗感染性休克并发多脏器功能不全综合征的中药组合物及其制剂,属于中医药技术领域。
技术背景
在过去的60年中,抗生素的开发应用和临床治疗措施取得了长足的进步,但由于细菌耐药性的产生、侵入性治疗措施的应用、恶性交通事故和老年病人的增加,脓毒症的发生率仍在升高,尤其是我国医疗条件落后的地区尤为严重,因感染性休克患者的死亡率仍高达40-60%。现代研究表明,感染性休克(顽固性低血压)和随后发生的多器官功能不全综合征(multipleorgandysfunctionsyndrome,MODS)是脓毒症患者死亡的主要原因。
MODS是指在严重感染、创伤(包括烧伤)、大手术、病理产科及心肺复苏等状态下,机体同时或相继发生两个及两个以上器官功能不全的临床综合征,既包括某些脏器功能完全衰竭,也包括某些脏器功能仅有实验室检查指标的异常。研究表明,45-60%的脓毒症是由革兰氏阴性细菌感染引起,革兰氏阴性细菌细胞壁的成分内毒素或脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)进入机体,刺激炎性细胞因子大量释放,启动一系列复杂的连锁反应,引起机体炎症反应和抗炎反应平衡紊乱、循环衰竭、白细胞浸润和自由基的产生,最终导致多器官功能衰竭综合征(multiplesystemorganfailure,MSOF)。MSOF病死率的高低与脏器衰竭数目有关,有关报道单脏器衰竭病死率30-40%,两个器官衰竭为60%,三个以上器官衰竭为85-100%,因此,早期药物控制MODS是降低感染性休克患者死亡率的重要手段之一。
感染性休克的发病机理极为复杂,60年代提出的微循环障碍学说,为休克的发病机理奠定了基础,目前的研究已深入到细胞和分子水平,微生物及其毒素和细胞壁组分(如脂多糖,LPS等)激活机体的各种应答细胞(包括单核-巨噬细胞,中性粒细胞,内皮细胞等)以及体液系统(如补体,激肽,凝血和纤溶等系统)产生各种内源性介质,细胞因子等,在发病中起重要作用,感染性休克是多种因素互相作用,互为因果的综合结果。
随着LPS信号转导通路的深入研究,抗内毒素和抗细胞因子等单靶点治疗一度倍受关注。然而,随后的多中心临床研究发现,没有一种对抗单一介质的制剂取得预期的疗效——显著降低感染性休克的死亡率。显然,充分认识内毒素性休克和多器官功能衰竭的分子机制对脓毒症的治疗具有十分重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种起效快、疗效好、无副作用的治疗感染性休克并发多脏器功能不全综合征的中药组合物。
本发明的另一目的是提供上述中药组合物的制备方法。
本发明的目的是通过以下措施实现的:
一种治疗感染性休克并发多脏器功能不全综合征的中药组合物,该中药组合物由以下重量份的原料制得:红参40-60份、制附子15-25份、川芎10-20份、丹参15-25份、白头翁10-20份、木香10-20份、麦冬10-20份、番红花5-10份。
上述中药组合物优选由以下重量份的原料制得:红参30-50份、制附子20-25份、川芎15-20份、丹参15-20份、白头翁10-15份、木香10-15份、麦冬10-15份、番红花5-8份。
该中药组合物与药学上可接受的辅料制成多种制剂,优选汤剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、片剂或丸剂。其中,制附子可用常规的高压蒸煮炮制法炮制附子得到。具体方法为:取洗净的附子浸入食盐胆巴水数日,水漂后切片,在110℃、68.65kPa条件下蒸30-35min,干燥即得。蒸煮可以有效减小附子毒性,加压后,节省了时间,提高了效率,也简化了工艺。此法可减少有效成分的流失,提高了炮制品的质量。
上述治疗感染性休克并发多脏器功能不全综合征的中药组合物的制备方法包括下述步骤:将川芎、木香两味药材混合后采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,将川芎、木香两味药材提取后的药渣与其余各味药材采用水加热提取得到水提液,将水提液与川芎、木香提取挥发油后得到的提取液合并,加入挥发油,混匀,制成中药组合物。
或者该方法包括下述步骤:将川芎、木香两味药材混合后采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油并对挥发油进行包合,将川芎、木香两味药材提取后的药渣与其余各味药材采用水加热提取得到水提液,将水提液与川芎、木香提取挥发油后得到的提取液合并,浓缩成清膏,混匀,干燥,制成颗粒,加入挥发油包合物,混匀,制成中药组合物。
上述挥发油提取采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取的时间为2-5小时。
所述的包合为采用β-环糊精包合。
上述将川芎、木香2味药材提取后得到的药渣与其余各味药材混合后采用水加热提取2-3次,每次2-2.5小时,水用量为药材总重的8-10倍量。
浓缩所得清膏可采用喷雾干燥制成颗粒。具体为将清膏经喷雾干燥后得到细粉,加入糊精制粒。
本发明采用的各原料的药性如下:
红参和制附子共为君药,红参味甘、性温、微苦。归脾、肺、心经。大补元气,复脉固脱,益气摄血。用于体虚欲脱,肢冷脉微,气不摄血,崩漏下血,心力衰竭,心原性休克。制附子味辛、性甘、大热,有毒。归心、肾、脾经。回阳救逆,补火助阳,散寒止痛,“为回阳救逆第一品药”。用于阴盛格阳,大汗亡阳,吐泻厥逆,肢冷脉微,心腹冷痛,等一切沉寒痼冷之疾。
川芎、丹参和番红花为臣药,川芎味辛、性温,归肝、胆、心经。活血行气,祛风止痛,用于头痛眩晕目暗,风寒湿痹,月经不调,痛经,经闭等。丹参味苦,性微寒。归心、肝经。祛瘀止痛,活血通经,清心除烦。用于症瘕积聚,胸腹刺痛,热痹疼痛,月经不调等。番红花味甘、性平,归心、肝经。活血化瘀,凉血解毒,解郁安神。用于忧郁痞闷,惊悸发狂,经闭癥瘕等。
白头翁、木香和麦冬为佐药,白头翁味苦、性寒,归胃经、大肠经。清热解毒,凉血止痢,燥湿杀虫。用于热毒痢疾,鼻衄,血痔等。木香味辛、苦、性温,归脾、大肠、三焦、胆经。行气止痛,健脾消食。用于胸脘胀痛、不思饮食、中气不省、泻痢后重、食积不消等。麦冬味甘、微苦、性微寒,归心、肺、胃经。养阴生津,润肺清心。用于肺燥干咳,阴虚痨嗽,津伤口渴,内热消渴,心烦失眠等。
本发明采用红参、制附子、川芎、丹参、番红花、白头翁、木香、麦冬为主要原料,提取其有效部位,具有清热解毒、扶正益气、活血化瘀之功效,因此,本发明所述的中药组合物可在制备治疗感染性休克并发多脏器功能不全综合征的药物中应用。本发明中药组合物处方中制附子对于临床疗效有非常重要的影响。传统医学认为制附子有毒,会在患者使用中产生不安全因素,但合理的剂量和用法可保证患者的安全。发明人经过临床验证,不含制附子的药物组合总有效率为42.11%,含有制附子的药物组合总有效率为85.00%(见实施例7),而且在缓解休克及阳虚症状等效果上,远远不及加入制附子的组方药物。发明人经过大量的创造性劳动,采用特定的配伍得到的本发明含制附子的中药组合物在急性毒性比较中毒副作用明显降低。本发明在具有明显的治疗感染性休克并发多脏器功能不全综合征效果的基础上,显著降低了制附子的毒副作用(见实施例8)。
本发明为常年临床实践总结出的经验方。该方中无配伍禁忌,使用量均在药典规定范围内,长期临床使用中未发现毒副作用。感染性休克并发多脏器功能不全综合征包括脓毒血症、急性器官功能障碍与衰竭及合并液体复苏不能逆转的低血压。感染性休克亦称脓毒性休克,是指由微生物及其毒素等产物所引起的脓毒病综合征伴休克,同时并发多器官功能不全。除少数高排低阻型休克(暖休克)病例外,多数患者有交感神经兴奋症状,患者神志尚清,但烦躁、焦虑、神情紧张,面色和皮肤苍白,口唇和甲床轻度发绀,肢端湿冷。可有恶心、呕吐。尿量减少。心率增快,呼吸深而快,血压尚正常或偏低、脉压小。眼底和甲微循环检查可见动脉痉挛。随着休克发展,患者烦躁或意识不清,呼吸浅速,心音低钝,脉搏细速,按压稍重即消失。表浅静脉萎陷,血压下降,收缩压降低至10.6kPa(80mmHg)以下,原有高血压者,血压较基础水平降低20%~30%,脉压小。皮肤湿冷、发绀,尿量更少、甚或无尿。休克晚期可出现DIC和重要脏器功能衰竭等,常有顽固性低血压和广泛出血(皮肤、黏膜和/或内脏、腔道出血)。多脏器功能衰竭表现为:①急性肾衰竭;②急性心功能不全;③急性肺功能衰竭(ARDS);④脑功能障碍;⑤胃肠道功能紊乱;⑥肝衰竭引起昏迷、黄疸等多脏器功能不全的临床症状。本发明组方临床使用可以明显减轻脓毒血症症状和患者的各项生理指标,还可以改善MODS患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-10(IL-10)和C反应蛋白(CRP)的指标。因此,在治疗MODS时,配合使用该组方,可明显提高疗效,有效降低临床死亡率。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例进一步说明本发明。但实施例的具体细节仅用于解释本发明,不应理解为对本发明总的技术方案的限定。以下实施例中,每重量份为1克。
实施例1:
红参45重量份、制附子20重量份、川芎18重量份、丹参20重量份、白头翁12重量份、木香12重量份、麦冬10重量份、番红花6重量份。
汤剂的制备:
称取18重量份川芎与12重量份木香在95-100℃下采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油3小时,称取上述2味药材提取后的药渣以及45重量份红参、20重量份制附子、20重量份丹参、12重量份白头翁、10重量份麦冬、6重量份番红花,加水煎煮3次,每次2小时,水用量为药材总重的9倍量,合并水煎液及挥发油提取液,加入挥发油,混匀,即得。
实施例2:
红参50重量份、制附子20重量份、川芎15重量份、丹参22重量份、白头翁15重量份、木香15重量份、麦冬12重量份、番红花7重量份。
颗粒剂的制备:
称取15重量份川芎与15重量份木香在95-100℃下采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油3.5小时,收集到的挥发油用β-环糊精和水包合3小时,放置冷却,低温干燥后粉碎成细粉,称取上述2味药材提取后的药渣以及50重量份红参、20重量份制附子、22重量份丹参、15重量份白头翁、12重量份麦冬、7重量份番红花,加水煎煮3次,每次2小时,水用量为药材总重的10倍量,合并水煎液及挥发油提取液减压浓缩,混匀,真空减压干燥,粉碎,加入糊精,制成颗粒,加入挥发油包合物,混匀,即得。
实施例3:
红参38重量份、制附子22重量份、川芎17重量份、丹参20重量份、白头翁14重量份、木香14重量份、麦冬15重量份、番红花8重量份。
胶囊剂的制备:
称取17重量份川芎与14重量份木香在95-100℃下采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油4小时,收集到的挥发油用β-环糊精和水包合3小时,放置冷却,低温干燥后粉碎成细粉,称取上述2味药材提取后的药渣以及38重量份红参、22重量份制附子、20重量份丹参、14重量份白头翁、15重量份麦冬、8重量份番红花,加水煎煮3次,每次2.5小时,水用量为药材总重的8倍量,合并水煎液及挥发油提取液减压浓缩,混匀,真空减压干燥,粉碎,混匀,加入糊精等辅料,湿法制粒,低温烘干,整粒,加入挥发油包合物,混匀,装入胶囊即得。
实施例4:
红参48重量份、制附子24重量份、川芎20重量份、丹参18重量份、白头翁12重量份、木香12重量份、麦冬14重量份、番红花5重量份。
片剂的制备:
称取20重量份川芎与12重量份木香在95-100℃下采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油4.5小时,收集到的挥发油用β-环糊精和水包合3小时,放置冷却,低温干燥后粉碎成细粉,称取上述2味药材提取后的药渣以及48重量份红参、24重量份制附子、18重量份丹参、12重量份白头翁、14重量份麦冬、5重量份番红花,加水煎煮3次,每次2小时,水用量为药材总重的9倍量,合并水煎液及挥发油提取液减压浓缩,混匀,真空减压干燥,粉碎,加入淀粉,制成颗粒,加入挥发油包合物,加入微晶纤维素、硬脂酸镁等混匀,压片,干燥,包装即得。
实施例5:
红参30重量份、制附子20重量份、川芎16重量份、丹参16重量份、白头翁11重量份、木香11重量份、麦冬10重量份、番红花6重量份。
丸剂的制备:
称取16重量份川芎与11重量份木香在95-100℃下采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油4小时,收集到的挥发油用β-环糊精和水包合3小时,放置冷却,低温干燥后粉碎成细粉,称取上述2味药材提取后的药渣以及30重量份红参、20重量份制附子、16重量份丹参、11重量份白头翁、10重量份麦冬、6重量份番红花,加水煎煮3次,每次2.5小时,水用量为药材总重的8倍量,合并水煎液及挥发油提取液减压浓缩,混匀,喷雾干燥,加入挥发油包合物,混匀,加入炼蜜制成丸剂,即得。
实施例6:
采用本发明实施例方法制备得到的药物组合物进行临床试验:
1、病例选择:某医院急诊就诊的感染性休克并发多脏器功能不全综合征患者,共58例,其中男性31例,女性27例;年龄最大为65岁,最小为37岁,平均年龄为52.075±9.277岁。诊断标准参考欧洲危重症医学学会(ESICM),国际脓毒血症基金会(ISF)联合美国重症监护医学学会(SCCM)在休斯敦2012年美国重症监护医学学会上修订的2012版《严重脓毒症与脓毒性休克治疗国际指南》,患者发生器官功能不全的器官个数2-4,均处于衰竭前期。将上述病例随机分成3组,3组在年龄、性别、病程、病情方面均具有可比性。
2、治疗方法:三组患者的常规治疗相同,治疗组口服实施例1中的汤剂,单个处方量/日,分三次服用,疗程7天,用药期间不用其他影响免疫功能的药物。对照组口服大承气汤(2008版《严重脓毒症与感染性休克中西医结合治疗指南》推荐),单个处方量/日,分三次服用,疗程7天,用药期间不用其他影响免疫功能的药物。空白组口服不含制附子的按照实施例1方法制备得到的汤剂,单个处方量/日,分三次服用,疗程7天,用药期间不用其他影响免疫功能的药物。
3、测定方法:治疗前后,取静脉血,分析TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10和CRP,同时记录用药前后临床症状、体征的改变情况。疗效判定标准(以MODS诊断标准中的各项指标为基础):
视为无效——治疗1个疗程后,与对照组相比,各器官功能指标无变化或恶化;
视为有效——治疗1个疗程后,与对照组相比,各器官功能指标有明显变化,衰竭前期的功能不全器官个数减少或好转;
视为显效——治疗1个疗程后,衰竭前期转为正常。
统计学处理采用t检验和Fisher检验。
4、实验结果见表1:
表1TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10和CRP指标的改善程度实验结果表
由上述结果可知,MODS患者加用本发明汤剂治疗前后对比,其TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10和CRP指标的改善程度均显著优于对照组和空白组,说明该汤剂能有效改善感染性休克并发多脏器功能不全综合征患者的生化指标,制附子在方中起到了重要的作用。三组患者临床疗效比较见表2:
表2三组患者临床疗效比较见表
如上表所示,治疗组总有效率85.00%,对照组总有效率73.68%,空白组总有效率42.11%,三组比较有显著差异(P<0.05,治疗组显著优于对照组)。以上治疗结果表明本发明的复方对感染性休克并发多脏器功能不全综合征有保护作用,配合临床治疗使用,可改善MODS患者的临床症状和体征,说明本发明的复方对MODS有良好的疗效和潜在的临床应用价值。
实施例7:
采用本发明实施例方法制备得到的药物组合物进行小鼠急性毒性比较试验:
1、试验动物:选用健康昆明种小鼠100只,体重18~22g,雌雄各半,随机分为10组,每组10只。给药前后,实验小鼠雌雄分笼,全价颗粒饲料喂养,自由饮水,室温22~26℃,实验室相对湿度:55~70%。
2、试验方法:以上实验动物分别给予两种药物,每种药物5个剂量组,药物组1给予实施例1中的汤剂,药物组2给予与实施例1等剂量的制附子按照实施例1的制附子处理方法制备的汤剂,不含有其他药物。以小鼠单次最大给药体积为最大剂量,按照10mL/kg、7mL/kg、5mL/kg、3mL/kg、1mL/kg的剂量进行单次口服毒性试验,试验前禁食(不禁水)12小时,给药后观察14天内动物所发生异常反应、死亡情况及死亡原因,未死亡动物于两周后处死进行尸检,观察主要脏器有无病理改变。
3、试验结果:给药组2按上述剂量给药的各组小鼠,于给药后即见小鼠活动减少,并开始有动物死亡,逐日记录各组动物死亡数,给药组1的小鼠死亡数量明显减少,结果见表1、2。死亡动物与其性别无明显相关性。存活动物毛皮光滑,饮食、大小便正常,眼、鼻无分泌物,粘膜无充血。呼吸、心跳正常。体重增长在正常范围内。死亡小鼠及时尸检,肉眼未见心、肝、脾、肺、肾等脏器的异常改变。各组连续观察14日,计算各组动物死亡总数,结果见表3、4。
表3给药组1经口服灌胃给药的小鼠的死亡分布表
表4给药组2经口服灌胃给药的小鼠的死亡分布表
表5给药组1经口服灌胃给药的小鼠急性毒性试验结果
表6给药组2经口服灌胃给药的小鼠急性毒性试验结果
由以上结果可以看出,制附子本身具有一定的毒性,单独使用存在一定的风险,采用特定的配伍得到的本发明含制附子的中药组合物在急性毒性比较试验中毒副作用明显降低。本发明在具有明显的治疗感染性休克并发多脏器功能不全综合征效果的基础上,能显著降低了制附子的毒副作用。
Claims (9)
1.一种治疗感染性休克并发多脏器功能不全综合征的中药组合物,其特征在于该组合物由以下重量份的原料制得:红参40-60份、制附子15-25份、川芎10-20份、丹参15-25份、白头翁10-20份、木香10-20份、麦冬10-20份、番红花5-10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗感染性休克并发多脏器功能不全综合征的中药组合物,其特征在于由以下重量份的原料制得:红参30-50份、制附子20-25份、川芎15-20份、丹参15-20份、白头翁10-15份、木香10-15份、麦冬10-15份、番红花5-8份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的中药组合物,其特征在于该组合物与药学可接受的辅料制成制剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的中药组合物,其特征在于所述的剂型是汤剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、片剂或丸剂。
5.一种权利要求1或2所述的治疗感染性休克并发多脏器功能不全综合征的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于该方法包括下述步骤:将川芎、木香两味药材混合后采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,所得药渣与其余药材采用水加热提取得到水提液,将水提液与川芎、木香提取挥发油后得到的提取液合并,加入挥发油,混匀,制成中药组合物。
6.一种权利要求1或2所述的治疗感染性休克并发多脏器功能不全综合征的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于该方法包括下述步骤:将川芎、木香两味药材混合后采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油并对挥发油进行包合,将川芎、木香两味药材提取后的药渣与其余各味药材采用水加热提取得到水提液,将水提液与川芎、木香提取挥发油后得到的提取液合并,浓缩成清膏,混匀,干燥,制成颗粒,加入挥发油包合物,混匀,制成中药组合物。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的方法,其特征在于挥发油提取的时间在2-5小时。
8.根据权利要求5或6所述的方法,其特征在于川芎、木香两味药材提取后得到的药渣与其余各味药材混合后采用水加热提取2-3次,每次2-2.5小时,水用量为药材总重的8-10倍量。
9.权利要求1或2所述的中药组合物在制备治疗脓毒血症引起的感染性休克并发多脏器功能不全综合征的药物中的应用。
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