CN104428387A - 用于水基钻井液的可生物降解的接枝共聚物抗吸积添加剂 - Google Patents
用于水基钻井液的可生物降解的接枝共聚物抗吸积添加剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104428387A CN104428387A CN201380035842.4A CN201380035842A CN104428387A CN 104428387 A CN104428387 A CN 104428387A CN 201380035842 A CN201380035842 A CN 201380035842A CN 104428387 A CN104428387 A CN 104428387A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/06—Clay-free compositions
- C09K8/08—Clay-free compositions containing natural organic compounds, e.g. polysaccharides, or derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/52—Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning
- C09K8/528—Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning inorganic depositions, e.g. sulfates or carbonates
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2208/00—Aspects relating to compositions of drilling or well treatment fluids
- C09K2208/12—Swell inhibition, i.e. using additives to drilling or well treatment fluids for inhibiting clay or shale swelling or disintegrating
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
提出使用含有由烯键式不饱和化合物形成的至少一个接枝侧链的明胶基共聚物作为抗吸积添加剂用于水基钻井液在地下矿物油和天然气矿床的开发、开采和完井中以及在深井中的用途。这些共聚物是水溶性的,且具有良好的可生物降解性。
Description
本发明涉及含有由烯键式不饱和化合物形成的至少一个接枝侧链的明胶基共聚物作为水基钻井液的抗吸积(anti-accretion)添加剂在地下矿物油和天然气矿床的开发、开采和完井中以及在深井中的用途。
页岩是由粘土和其他矿物组成的精细防渗沉积岩。其为在油田中必须钻透以接近油层的最常见的岩石之一。由于其中存在高比例的离子带电粘土,页岩在水存在下极易溶胀。这使得其在含有水基钻井液的深井中成为带来极大问题的岩石。“页岩抑制剂”具有防止页岩在水存在下溶胀的作用。
我们于2012年6月15日提交的优先权为2011年7月28日的PCT/EP2012/061408申请记载了超支化聚赖氨酸在水基钻井液中作为页岩抑制剂的用途。在EP 0634468 A1中,季铵化三羟基烷基胺用作页岩抑制剂。US 6,484,821 B1记载了用于相同目的的胺改性的聚环氧烷。WO 2008/031806 A1记载了由C4-10二羧酸与烷醇胺、二胺或聚亚烷基胺形成的不带电或盐类缩聚产物作为页岩抑制剂。最后,US 5,149,690记载了聚酰胺和聚氨基酸作为页岩抑制剂。
粘土在钻头和钻柱上的吸积是一个问题,这尤其在使用水基液来钻透粘土岩石时会发生。含粘土的被钻材料可在钻柱和钻头的切割面上附聚和累积。逐步地,形成了大块粘土吸积物,这阻止了钻井液的循环和钻井的进行。
此处存在关于粘土稠度的“危险地带”,由水含量表征。在“干燥地带”,含有粘土的被钻材料具有太少的水而不会凝结。其具有疏松、易碎的稠度。在“潮湿地带”,所述材料基本上悬浮并且易被冲走。在这些地带之间,即在“危险地带”中,粘土是粘性大大提升的可成形的组合物。
当被钻材料暴露于常规的水基钻井液时,它快速吸水并且快速穿过不同的“地带”,最终被完全分散。然而,高度抑制钻井液的可减少含粘土被钻材料的完全水合(借助于上述的页岩抑制剂)的作用扩展了这种“危险地带”。结果,这些钻井液促成了更高的吸积。
然而,除了钻井液添加剂的功能性之外,环境相容性变得愈加重要。用于离岸应用的化学品必须满足严格的环保法规。其必须是无毒的,必须可生物降解,并且不应是可生物积累的。关于这方面,还参见http://www.cefas.defra.gov.uk,特别是http://www.cefas.defra.gov.uk/industry-information/offshore-chemical-notification-scheme.aspx、http://www.cefas.defra.gov.uk/industry-information/offshore-chemical-notification-scheme/ocns-ecotoxicology-testing.aspx和http://www.cefas.defra.gov.uk/industry-information/offshore-chemical-notification-scheme/hazard-assessment.aspx(检索于2012年3月7日)。
US 2011/0166048 A1公开了烷醇胺与不饱和、多不饱和或饱和的C8-36单羧酸的酯作为抗吸积添加剂。US 6,803,346 B1提出膦酸酯作为抗吸积添加剂。然而,所述烷醇胺酯和膦酸酯属于对水体有毒或有害的类别。
通过烯键式不饱和单体聚合制备的水溶性聚合物作为添加剂在结构化学应用及地下矿物油和天然气矿床的开发、开采和完井中具有各种用途。
US 4,053,323和US 3,936,408公开了使用聚酰胺磺酸酯作为水硬性粘合剂的增塑剂,尤其是用在钻井的固井中。WO 03/085013 A1论述了基于烯属磺酸的水溶性共聚物及其作为保水剂用于含有矿物粘合剂的含水建筑材料体系的用途。DE 102 29 837 A1记载了用于钻井液和水泥浆的基于乙烯基磺酸的聚合保水剂。根据美国专利4,654,085,聚丙烯酰胺与纤维素醚和淀粉醚一起用作改进水泥制剂的耐熔垂性(sag resistance)的添加剂。此外,通过使用基于丙烯酰胺亚烷基磺酸、N-乙烯基酰胺、丙烯酰胺和乙烯基膦酸的水溶性共聚物,可降低油或气生产过程中的水侵量(参见WO 03/033860 A2)。EP0427107 A2公开了使用由烯键式不饱和磺酸和丙烯酰胺组成的水溶性共聚物作为钻井液的流变添加剂。通过烯键式不饱和单体的聚合制备的水溶性聚合物的另一个应用领域是含矿物油的砂石或岩体的脱油,如EP 095730 A2中所记载。基于水解的丙烯酰胺和磺酸衍生物的共聚物作为保水剂在水泥浆中的用途记载于美国专利4,015,991中。
保水剂有助于降低或完全防止水从无机或有机粘合剂或颜料的浆体中漏失。失水的原因通常是来自多孔基材的毛细作用力。保水剂要么可借助其化学结构而结合水,要么可促进在基材上形成致密的滤饼。保水剂可用于刚刚述及的该目的,例如,不仅可用在灰泥、瓦砖粘合剂、接缝灰浆、抹泥化合物和自流平化合物,还可用于深井水泥浆中。此外,它们的其他用途包括用在可充当例如钻井液的粘土水悬浮液中。现有技术公开了大量的具有所述特性的化合物。例如,EP-A1 090 889记载了粘土和瓜尔胶的混合物作为保水剂。DE-A 195 43 304和US 5,372,642公开了纤维素衍生物作为保水剂,EP-A 116 671、EP-A483 638和EP-A 653 547记载了合成聚合物,其含有丙烯酰胺取代的磺酸作为共聚单体。
现有技术已知且通过烯键式不饱和单体聚合而制备的所有这些水溶性聚合物中没有任何一个是通常可生物降解的。因此,这些化合物可在环境中累积并且促成了土壤或水体的污染。当水泥浆与例如饮用水或农用区域接触时,这是特别重要的。在这点上,对水溶性聚合物在海上(即在离岸领域中)的矿物油或天然气的勘探与生产过程中的应用也应给予特别关注。这些聚合物在此可用作例如水泥体系的保水剂而用在钻井平台的构造和钻井固井中。所用的聚合物在用在钻井平台的情况下可被海水冲蚀,而在用作钻井固井的情况下可从水泥浆中进入含水形成层。因此,根据“保护东北大西洋海洋环境公约”(OSPAR公约),在海洋环境中优选使用可生物降解的产品。
现有技术已提及少数可生物降解的用于水泥浆的聚合物添加剂。例如,US 6,019,835公开了改性木质素磺酸酯作为可生物降解的分散剂。在先公布的美国申请2002/0005287记载了聚天冬氨酸作为可生物降解的高性能分散剂。水溶性的可生物降解的聚酰胺基共聚物及其用途已知于德国公布说明书DE 103 14 354 A1中。其中描述的共聚物具有至少一个由醛和硫酸及任选的至少一种选自酮、芳族醇、尿素衍生物和氨基-S-三嗪的化合物形成的接枝侧链。优选提及的聚酰胺化合物是天然的聚酰胺,例如酪蛋白、明胶和骨胶原。这里描述的共聚物特别用作增塑剂或保水剂用于无机粘合剂和颜料中。所记载的保水容量主要基于所记载的共聚物与改性多糖作用的协同模式。这些水溶性聚合物都是可生物降解的,但是它们通常具有很大的缺点,即它们不允许作为由烯键式不饱和单体形成的聚合物的化学组成具有很大的可变性,并且其应用范围——即例如关于温度或压力变化或关于含水介质在盐浓度方面的变化——也因此是非常有限的。
明胶接枝聚合物宽泛地已知于EP 0 015 880 A2中。根据该公布文本,聚合物用于接收元素,更特别地是用作作感光材料的染料媒染剂。所记载的接枝聚合物至少由三种组分组成,即水溶性的类蛋白聚合物、均聚可产生非水溶性聚合物的单体、以及最后是含有磺酸酯基且均聚可产生水溶性聚合物的单体。作为水溶性的类蛋白聚合物的典型代表提及了明胶,作为可产生非水溶性聚合物的单体的典型代表提及了丙烯酸单体。
EP 2 052 003 B1记载了使用含有由烯键式不饱和化合物形成的至少一个接枝侧链的聚酰胺基共聚物作为添加剂用于含有水硬性粘合剂的组合物。优选用作保水剂。特别强调了油井和气井的固井。聚酰胺组分的典型代表是天然聚酰胺,如酪蛋白、明胶、骨胶原、骨胶、血白蛋白和大豆蛋白质。
相反,本申请新发明的共聚物的用途不旨在用于水泥浆而旨在用于水基钻井液;保水剂和抗吸积添加剂是基于不同的作用机制,并且在实验对比中已发现示例于EP 2 052 003 B1中的共聚物不适合本发明的最终用途。
本发明的一个目的是基本避免现有技术的上述缺点。更具体而言,要提供一种合适的可生物降解的抗吸积添加剂以用于水基钻井液。换言之,要找到可生物降解的钻井液添加剂,其可降低或阻止含粘土的被钻材料在钻井设备的金属表面上的吸积。
所述目的可通过独立权利要求的特征而实现。从属权利要求涉及优选的实施方案。
令人惊讶地发现,本发明的基于明胶的共聚物在作为钻井液添加剂时具有非常好的适用性,其可降低或阻止含粘土的被钻材料在钻井设备的金属表面上的吸积。
本发明的主题涉及含有由烯键式不饱和化合物形成的至少一个接枝侧链的明胶基共聚物作为水基钻井液的抗吸积添加剂在地下矿物油和天然气矿床的开发、开采和完井中及在深井中的用途。
“明胶”是由天然骨胶原形成的水解产物,该水解在酸性、碱性或热条件下进行。可胶凝化明胶[9000-70-8]和不可胶凝化明胶[68410-45-7](称为明胶水解产物)之间存在区别。
明胶通常由“布鲁姆值”(bloom value)表征,即直径为1.27cm的冲模使6.67%的明胶/水混合物的表面变形4毫米而不破损时所需的质量,以克计。所述测试在明胶预老化17小时之后于10℃下进行。一般而言,布鲁姆值为50至300之间。布鲁姆值越高,明胶的胶凝力越大。
50至125的布鲁姆值对应于明胶的平均摩尔质量为约20 000至25 000g/mol。175至225的布鲁姆值对应于约40 000至50 000g/mol。225至325的布鲁姆值对应于约50 000至100 000g/mol。骨胶是具有甚至更高的布鲁姆值的不纯明胶。它们不太适合本发明的用途。
根据本发明,优选布鲁姆值为0至100、特别是0至50的明胶。
上述的明胶水解产物没有可测量的布鲁姆值,因此,也经常称为“0布鲁姆明胶”。已发现,令人惊讶地,这些“0布鲁姆明胶”对本发明的性能具有特别良好的适用性。“0布鲁姆明胶”的摩尔质量范围为约500至15 000g/mol。
然而,一般而言,根据本发明优选的明胶的摩尔质量为500至25 000g/mol,特别是1000至20 000g/mol。
接枝侧链的摩尔质量适当地为150至10 000g/mol,优选为200至5000g/mol。
作为结果,本发明的共聚物最终总摩尔质量适当地为750至50000g/mol,优选为1000至30 000g/mol,尤其是10 000至20 000g/mol。
根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的用途,其特征在于,共聚物包含比例为10至90重量%、优选25至75重量%的明胶组分和比例为10至90重量%、优选为25至75重量%的烯键式不饱和组分。
同样地,优选使用含有乙烯基化合物作为烯键式不饱和组分的共聚物,所述乙烯基化合物选自乙烯基醚、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、2-乙基丙烯酸、2-丙基丙烯酸、乙烯基乙酸、巴豆酸和异巴豆酸、马来酸、富马酸、衣康酸、柠康酸、其酰胺(例如丙烯酰胺)、其磺化形式(例如选自2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸()、乙烯基磺酸、甲基烯丙基磺酸、苯乙烯苯磺酸的乙烯基磺酸)、其至少单价的盐,及其混合物。
在具体用途中,提及的盐可包括选自Na+、K+、ca2+、和/或Mg2+中的一种作为阳离子,和/或若所述化合物被季铵化,则包括碳酸根、硫酸根、氢氧根或氯离子作为阴离子。两性离子化合物也是可能的。
在本发明的上下文中,已发现特别是通过特定的方法制备的共聚物的用途是特别有利的。优选在-10至150℃之间,特别是0至100℃之间的温度下进行的接枝聚合,优选在每种情况下在溶剂的存在下,特别是在极性溶剂如水或二甲亚砜的存在下进行。
特别适合的是侧链可由所述各单元在使用水或其它极性溶剂作为溶剂的情况下形成的共聚物。当进行无水操作或在反应期间通过蒸馏去除水时可获得高摩尔质量的聚合物。
除了改性溶液中的明胶外,也可在本体中进行接枝。同样地,这一变化会生成相对高摩尔质量的聚合物。若待接枝到明胶上的化合物仅在与水混溶性差的溶剂中可溶,则共聚物可通过界面缩合而形成。为此目的,先将明胶溶于水相中,且待接枝的化合物溶于有机相中。剧烈混合两相使缩聚在水相和有机相之间的界面处发生。
然而,本发明还包括通过热处理而形成接枝聚合物,例如通过一起干燥明胶和待接枝的化合物。也可一起干燥溶液。在此情况下,水是特别有用的溶剂。然后最好通过喷雾干燥或滚筒干燥进行干燥操作。
本发明特别包括一个替代的用途,其中使用通过使具有双键的明胶组分官能化而制备的共聚物。该反应使用最大量为10重量%的马来酸酐或(甲基)丙烯酸酐类的酸酐化合物或甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯类的环氧化合物,然后将所述烯键式不饱和化合物聚合至得到的双键上而进行。
最后,应当指出,适用于所述最终用途的共聚物特别是那些可溶于水和/或可生物降解的共聚物。
在本发明的用途中,共聚物适当地以0.01至25重量%,优选1至15重量%的用量使用,基于水基钻井液计。
下面的实施例和附图说明了本发明的优势。
实施例
实施例1(根据EP 2 052 003 B1的对比实施例,实施例1.1)
将169g工业级布鲁姆数为450的明胶(Gelita100)溶于700g水中,同时加热至70℃。用NaOH调节pH至8.5。此后,在60分钟内分批加入1.4g马来酸酐。在此过程中,通过同时计量加入NaOH以将pH维持在8.5。在加入马来酸酐结束后,所述混合物在70℃下搅拌60分钟。随后,将反应混合物冷却至60℃并且加入AMPS(60g)的NaOH水溶液。将pH调节至7.6并且混合物用N2吹扫60分钟。之后通过加入0.2g Na2S208引发反应,聚合反应在60℃下进行共计90分钟。在反应期间,观察到显著的粘度增长。如此获得的聚合物在15%的水溶液中具有2000cp的粘度(在60℃下测量)和26℃的凝胶点。
实施例2(本发明)
将169g工业级布鲁姆数为0的明胶(Gelita600)溶于700g水中,同时加热至70℃。用NaOH调节pH至8.5。此后,分批加入9g马来酸酐。在此过程中,通过同时计量加入NaOH以将pH维持在8.5。在加入马来酸酐结束后,所述混合物在70℃下搅拌90分钟。随后,将反应混合物冷却至60℃并且加入AMPS(60g)的NaOH水溶液。作为共聚单体,加入60g的丙烯酸。将pH调节至7.2并且混合物用N2吹扫60分钟。之后通过加入2.4g 2,2′-偶氮双(2-甲基丙脒)二盐酸盐引发反应,聚合反应在60℃下进行120分钟。在反应期间,观察到微小的粘度增长。如此获得的聚合物在30%的水溶液中在室温下具有200cp的粘度。
实施例3(类似于API推荐的实践13的应用实施例)
所述样品用洗涤剂和/或磷酸去除锈和土,用细砂纸处理,用热水冲洗,用异丙醇冲洗并用干布擦试。随后称重并置入可密封的塑料容器中。作为钻井液,首先注入353g水和3gNT(膨润土,Cebo Holland B.V.,the Netherlands),并根据表1称量KCl、黄原胶、抗吸积添加剂、页岩抑制剂(PS,聚乙烯亚胺,BASFSE)和重晶石,混合物搅拌20分钟。随后,加入1mL的磷酸三丁酯作为消泡剂。此后,使用Fann 35仪器在室温下测量钻井液的流变性。具体地以600-300-200-100-6-3转/分测量。随后,将350mL的钻井液引入至塑料容器中,加入30g粒径为4mm至5.6mm的“Arne粘土”(Arne Clay Quarry,UK),关闭盖并轻轻震荡塑料容器3至4次。然后紧接着,将容器在室温下置于旋转烘箱中并旋转10分钟。之后,将样品从塑料容器中取回,用温冷水喷射流小心地冲洗,并和残留于其上的残余物一起引入至预先称重的瓷皿中,在60℃下干燥过夜。
计算各吸积物并列于表1中。表1报告的量以[g]计,Fann 35流变值以[lb/100ft2]计,残余物以[%]计,基于所用的“Arne粘土”的量。页岩抑制剂称为“PEI”,抗吸积添加剂称为“AAA”。
表1
AAA-# | 膨润土 | KCI | 重晶石 | PEI | 黄原胶 | AAA | Fann 35值 | 残余物 |
无 | 3 | 9 | 190 | - | 1 | - | 60-48-43-35-17-15 | 70.63 |
无 | 3 | 9 | 190 | 17.5 | 1 | - | 51-40-35-29-15-13 | 67.20 |
明胶*) | 3 | 9 | 190 | 17.5 | 1 | 10.5 | 53-37-31-25-12-10 | 64.43 |
实施例2 | 3 | 9 | 190 | 17.5 | 1 | 10.5 | 43-28-23-16-6-4 | 43.83 |
实施例2 | 3 | 9 | 190 | 17.5 | 1 | 17.5 | 58-39-31-22-7-5 | 46.63 |
实施例2 | 3 | 9 | 190 | 17.5 | 1 | 24.5 | 70-47-36-25-8-6 | 39.53 |
实施例1 | 3 | 9 | 190 | - | 1 | 10.5 | 67-57-53-37-19-17 | 70.55 |
无 | 3 | - | 190 | 17.5 | 2.5 | - | 87-47-65-55-31-29 | 54.70 |
实施例2 | 3 | - | 190 | 17.5 | 2.5 | 5 | 75-60-55-44-25-22 | 27.40 |
实施例2 | 3 | - | 190 | 17.5 | 2.5 | 10 | 85-67-52-39-25-21 | 12.80 |
实施例2 | 3 | - | 190 | 17.5 | 2.5 | 15 | 92-72-66-52-22-20 | 4.30 |
*)工业级布鲁斯数为0的明胶(Gelita600)
表1清楚地显示了实施例2的本发明的抗吸积添加剂的优越性。
实施例4(生物可降解性)
通过“OECD化学品测试指南-1992 OECD 306:海水中的可生物降解性,密闭瓶法(“OECD Guidelines for Testing 0f Chemicals-1992OECD 306:Biodegradability in Seawater,Closed Bottle Method”)”记载的方法测试实施例2的抗吸积添加剂。参考物质是苯甲酸钠。实施例2的抗吸积添加剂的生物可降解性在28天后为69%,在60天后几乎为100%。所述测量列于表2中。
表2
天 | 实施例2 | 苯甲酸钠 |
0 | 0 | 0 |
8 | 44 | 70 |
14 | 53 | 77 |
21 | 59 | 77 |
28 | 69 | 80 |
60 | 105 |
Claims (13)
1.含有由烯键式不饱和化合物形成的至少一个接枝侧链的明胶基共聚物作为水基钻井液的抗吸积添加剂在地下矿物油和天然气矿床的开发、开采和完井中以及在深井中的用途。
2.根据权利要求1的用途,其特征在于所述明胶具有0至100、优选0至50的布鲁姆值。
3.根据权利要求1的用途,其特征在于所述明胶具有500至25 000g/mol、优选1000至20 000g/mol的摩尔质量。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项的用途,其特征在于接枝侧链的摩尔质量为150至10 000g/mol,优选为200至5000g/mol。
5.根据权利要求1至4任一项的用途,其特征在于所述共聚物的摩尔质量在750至50 000g/mol、优选1000至30 000g/mol、尤其是10000至20 000g/mol的范围内。
6.根据权利要求1至5任一项的用途,其特征在于所述共聚物包含比例为10至90重量%、优选25至75重量%的明胶组分和比例为10至90重量%、优选为25至75重量%的烯键式不饱和组分。
7.根据权利要求1至6任一项的用途,其特征在于所述共聚物包含乙烯基化合物作为烯键式不饱和组分,所述乙烯基化合物选自乙烯基醚、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、2-乙基丙烯酸、2-丙基丙烯酸、乙烯基乙酸、巴豆酸和异巴豆酸、马来酸、富马酸、衣康酸、柠康酸,其酰胺例如丙烯酰胺、其磺化形式例如选自2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸、乙烯基磺酸、甲基烯丙基磺酸、苯乙烯苯磺酸的乙烯基磺酸、其至少单价的盐,及其混合物。
8.根据权利要求7的用途,其特征在于所述盐包括选自Na+、K+、Ca2+、和/或Mg2+中的一种作为阳离子,和/或若所述化合物被季铵化,则包括碳酸根、硫酸根、氢氧根或氯离子作为阴离子。
9.根据权利要求1至8任一项的用途,其特征在于所述共聚物通过在-10至150℃,特别是0至100℃的温度下,优选在每种情况下在溶剂尤其是在极性溶剂如水或二甲亚砜的存在下直接接枝聚合而制备。
10.根据权利要求1至9任一项的用途,其特征在于所述共聚物通过官能化具有双键的明胶组分而制备,优选通过与最大量为10重量%的马来酸酐或(甲基)丙烯酸酐类的酸酐化合物或甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯类的环氧化合物反应,然后将所述烯键式不饱和化合物聚合至得到的双键上而制备。
11.根据权利要求1至10任一项的用途,其特征在于所述共聚物为水溶性的。
12.根据权利要求1至11任一项的用途,其特征在于所述共聚物为可生物降解的。
13.根据权利要求1至12任一项的用途,其特征在于所述共聚物以0.01至25重量%,优选1至15重量%的剂量使用,基于水基钻井液计。
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