CN104420441A - Slope-type caisson breakwater - Google Patents
Slope-type caisson breakwater Download PDFInfo
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- CN104420441A CN104420441A CN201310397743.2A CN201310397743A CN104420441A CN 104420441 A CN104420441 A CN 104420441A CN 201310397743 A CN201310397743 A CN 201310397743A CN 104420441 A CN104420441 A CN 104420441A
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- Prior art keywords
- ramp type
- caisson
- caisson body
- slope
- binds
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- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002633 protecting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a slope type caisson breakwater composed of a plurality of slope type caisson bodies arranged lengthways. The top portion of each slope-type caisson body is a caisson body levee crown slope surface rising from the seaside to the port side of the breakwater, the inclination of each caisson body levee crown slope surface is between 1:3 to 1:1, and each caisson body levee crown slope levee crown inclined surface of a caisson body surface is one to 4 times as high as waves. The slopes of slope-type caissons enable waves to break on the slope surfaces, most of wave energy is absorbed and dissipated during moving on slope surface, wave reflection is little, and the breakwater has high stability and good protecting effects. As a breakwater body is made of the slope type reinforced concrete caissons, building materials are saved, construction efficiency is high, manufacturing cost is low, investment is saved and construction period is shortened.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to marine structure field.
Background technology
Mole is the important hydraulic structure in harbour, for defending wave to the invasion and attack of harbour region, ensureing that there is stable waters at harbour, being convenient to boats and ships and stopping mooring, carry out cargo handling operation and upper and lower passenger smoothly, also may have sand prevention, anti-stream, anti-icing, the double function doing harbour of water conservancy diversion or inner side.Along with the development of World Economics and the growth of trade, larger-sized vessel is made for reducing water transport cost, excellent bay is developed totally, and new port has to develop to the marine site of bad environments, and in the depth of water, the wave is high, the marine site of complicated geology is built mole and to be inevitable trend.
Mole can be divided into ramp type, vertical type and special shape by form of structure.
Existing sloping breakwater all adopts natural block of stone or artificial concret block pell mell construction to form, and its gradient is general not suddenly in 1:1, and fragmentation occurs wave on slope, and most of wave energy is absorbed and dissipates in the traveling process of slope.Existing sloping breakwater structure is simple, and reflexion of wave is little, and stability is high, easy construction, is easy to repair, and be applicable to various ground, building stones can be gathered materials on the spot.Shortcoming is that mole section is large, and mole material usage is many, and when particularly the depth of water is larger, the increase mole material with the depth of water can greatly increase, and difficulty of construction and cost are increased.
The structure section both sides of vertical breakwater are upright metope, wave produces larger reflection on upright metope, vertical breakwater there is huge wave impact pressure, the impact bearing wave wanted by mole, vertical breakwater often adopts the reinforced concrete caisson of square box shape to do levee body, concrete service efficiency high strength is good, the concrete caisson of box-shaped has higher bulk strength, compared with sloping breakwater, constructional materials consumption is less, and larger with the difference of both increases of the depth of water.Concrete caisson is overall by land to be manufactured, easy construction, low cost of manufacture, and the effect of energy dissipation of vertical type box-shaped mole is poor, and the large-scale special construction machinery of general needs in building course, construction is complicated, if soft foundation need carry out consolidation process, cost is high.Vertical breakwater is once destroy, and consequence is serious, repairs difficulty.
The cost of existing breakwater structure is high, investment is large, can not meet the needs of economic development and construction.It is just more difficult that neritic province domain particularly on weak soil basis builds mole, and the handling expenses of labour material on weak soil basis, cost is high.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of ramp type caisson breakwater, the slope of ramp type caisson makes wave that fragmentation occur on slope, and most of wave energy is absorbed and dissipates in the traveling process of slope, and reflexion of wave is little, stability is high, the protection effect of mole is good, and do levee body intensity and toughness with ramp type reinforced concrete caisson good, constructional materials consumption is few, efficiency of construction is high, low cost of manufacture, small investment, the construction period is short.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: longitudinally form ramp type caisson breakwater by a plurality of ramp type caisson body, ramp type caisson body is reinforced concrete box shaped structure, comprise the caisson body horizonal base plate being positioned at bottom, the horizontal vertical wall of a plurality of caisson body, the longitudinal vertical wall of a plurality of caisson body, the top of ramp type caisson body is the caisson body levee crown slope raised by side, side direction mole port, mole sea, the gradient of caisson body levee crown slope is between 1:3 to 1:1, and the height of caisson body levee crown slope is 1 to 4 times of wave height.
Described caisson body levee crown slope is that the ramp type lattice progressively raised be made up of a plurality of inclination transverse beam and a plurality of horizontal longitudinal beam are deleted, ramp type lattice delete can pour in ramp type caisson body silt particle, stone lattice delete hole.
Described caisson body levee crown slope is the ramp type matsurface progressively raised that is protruding and recessed formation, ramp type matsurface has the filling sand hole that can pour into silt particle, stone in ramp type caisson body.
Described caisson body levee crown slope is a plurality of ramp type steps progressively raised, and ramp type step has the filling sand hole that can pour into silt particle in ramp type caisson body.
Described ramp type lattice are deleted, ramp type matsurface, ramp type step and ramp type caisson made in one piece.
The ramp type lattice that described ramp type lattice are deleted, ramp type matsurface, ramp type step are a plurality of slopes box-shaped delete the block that binds, a plurality of ramp type matsurface binds block, a plurality of ramp type step binds block, ramp type lattice delete the block that binds, ramp type matsurface binds block, ramp type step binds, and block is embedded in the space between the horizontal vertical wall of a plurality of caisson bodies at ramp type caisson body top, the longitudinal vertical wall of a plurality of caisson body, and the vertical wall of ramp type caisson body has the block brace table that binds supporting the block that binds.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: a kind of ramp type caisson breakwater is provided, the slope of ramp type caisson makes wave that fragmentation occur on slope, and most of wave energy is absorbed and dissipates in the traveling process of slope, and reflexion of wave is little, stability is high, the protection effect of mole is good, and do levee body intensity and toughness with ramp type reinforced concrete caisson good, constructional materials consumption is few, efficiency of construction is high, low cost of manufacture, small investment, the construction period is short.
Accompanying drawing explanation
1. Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view of the first embodiment of ramp type caisson breakwater.
2. Fig. 2 is the K direction view of Fig. 1.
3. Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view of the second embodiment of ramp type caisson breakwater.
4. Fig. 4 is the H direction view of Fig. 3.
5. Fig. 5 is the cross-sectional view of the third embodiment of ramp type caisson breakwater.
6. Fig. 6 is the cross-sectional view of the 4th kind of embodiment of ramp type caisson breakwater.
7. Fig. 7 is the cross-sectional view of the 5th kind of embodiment of ramp type caisson breakwater.
8. Fig. 8 is the cross-sectional view of the 6th kind of embodiment of ramp type caisson breakwater.
In the drawings:
1. ramp type caisson body 2. caisson body horizonal base plate
3. the longitudinal vertical wall of caisson body horizontal vertical wall 4. caisson body
5. caisson body levee crown slope 6. ramp type lattice are deleted
7. ramp type matsurface 8. ramp type step
9. fill with sand hole 10. ramp type lattice and delete the block that binds
The 11. ramp type matsurfaces block 12. ramp type step that binds binds block
13. bind block brace table 14. mean sea level
15. mole jackstone Benq beds
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail: ramp type caisson breakwater is longitudinally formed by connecting by a plurality of ramp type caisson body 1, ramp type caisson body 1 is reinforced concrete box shaped structure, comprises the caisson body horizonal base plate 2 being positioned at bottom, the horizontal vertical wall 3 of a plurality of caisson body, the longitudinal vertical wall 4 of a plurality of caisson body.The top of ramp type caisson body 1 is the caisson body levee crown slope 5 raised by side, side direction mole port, mole sea, the gradient of caisson body levee crown slope 5 is between 1:3 to 1:1, there is the comparatively slow gradient (being usually less than 45 degree), because wave has energy, water body upwards can climb along slope, when when kinetic energy approach exhaustion, potential energy is maximum, water body again can along the downward landing of slope, and slope substantially reduces reflection and the active force of wave.
Theory analysis and lot of experiments show, the energy major part of wave concentrates on the top layer of water body, concentrate the wave energy of 90% to 98% in the water layer thickness of the 2-3 times of wave height in top layer respectively.The height of caisson body levee crown slope 5 is 1 to 4 times of wave height, is the position that wave energy is concentrated.
Wave on sloping breakwater velocity variations everywhere on slope is large, and wave climbs up slope can produce fragmentation because the depth of water shoals, and most of wave energy is absorbed and dissipates in the traveling process of slope.Slope manufactures roughness or artificial barrier, make wave climb landing time, water body can agitate, rolls, circle round, the eddy current of generation, collision, and most of wave energy is low mutually to disappear, and reduces the impact to mole and infringement.The reflexion of wave that the present invention also has existing ramp type riprap breakwater is little, and stability is high, reduces the advantage that wave energy is impacted.
The present invention is the monolithic slope casing that Reinforced Concrete Materials is made, and intensity and toughness is high, and section is little, and constructional materials consumption is little, and stock utilization is high, is applicable to the situation that the depth of water is larger, and cross-sectional area and material usage also can be cut down further in slope, reduce costs.When the experience especially big storm time of tide, slope is conducive to more unrestrained, ensures safety.
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view of the first embodiment of ramp type caisson breakwater.Fig. 2 is the K direction view of Fig. 1.
In Fig. 1, caisson body levee crown slope 5 is that the ramp type lattice progressively raised be made up of a plurality of inclination transverse beam and a plurality of horizontal longitudinal beam delete 6, the lattice that ramp type lattice delete 6 are deleted Kong Yuchen box house and are communicated with, silt particle, stone can be poured in ramp type caisson body 1, ramp type caisson is at sea after positioning sinking, delete hole by lattice and pour into silt particle, stone in ramp type caisson, increase quality and the stability of caisson.
Slope lattice delete the stage of 6 formation multilayer injustice, make ramp type lattice delete 6 rough surface, when wave climb or landing time, water body can agitate, rolls, circle round, the eddy current of generation, collision, and most of wave energy is low mutually to disappear.
Ramp type lattice are deleted 6 and are made one with ramp type caisson body 1, make and integrally make ramp type caisson body 1 have better bulk strength and rigidity.Ramp type lattice delete 6 at the top of ramp type caisson body 1, and the silt particle of the inner filling of stop ramps formula caisson body 1 is washed away by wave.
When ramp type caisson body 1 is manufactured by land, the lattice that ramp type lattice delete 6 delete the passage that hole can be used for the turnover of the article such as constructor and template.
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view of the second embodiment of ramp type caisson breakwater.Fig. 4 is the H direction view of Fig. 3.
In Fig. 3, caisson body levee crown slope 5 is that the ramp type lattice of a plurality of slopes box-shaped delete the block 10 that binds, and ramp type lattice are deleted in the space that the block 10 that binds is embedded between the horizontal vertical walls 3 of a plurality of caisson bodies at the top of ramp type caisson body 1, the longitudinal vertical wall 4 of a plurality of caisson body.Ramp type lattice delete the top of the block 10 shutoff ramp type caisson body 1 that binds, and prevent the silt particle of the inner filling of ramp type caisson body 1 from being washed away by wave, and the vertical wall of ramp type caisson body 1 has the block brace table 13 that binds supporting the block that binds.
Ramp type lattice delete the stage that the block 10 that binds forms multilayer injustice, make ramp type lattice delete 6 rough surface, when wave climb or landing time, water body can agitate, rolls, circle round, the eddy current of generation, collision, and most of wave energy is low mutually to disappear.
Ramp type lattice delete bind block 10 and ramp type caisson body 1 split production, reduce the weight of ramp type caisson body 1 and manufacture hoisting difficulty, but add assembling trouble.
Fig. 5 is the cross-sectional view of the third embodiment of ramp type caisson breakwater.
Caisson body levee crown slope 5 is by protruding and the recessed ramp type matsurface 7 progressively raised formed, and ramp type matsurface 7 has the filling sand hole 9 that can pour into silt particle, stone in ramp type caisson body 1.
Ramp type matsurface 7 makes rough surface, when wave climb or landing time, water body can agitate, roll, circle round, the eddy current of generation, collision at protruding and concave surface, and most of wave energy is low mutually to disappear.
Ramp type matsurface 7 and ramp type caisson body 1 make one, make and integrally make ramp type caisson body 1 have better bulk strength and rigidity.
When ramp type caisson body 1 is manufactured by land, fill with the passage that sand hole 9 can be used for the turnover of the article such as constructor and template.
Fig. 6 is the cross-sectional view of the 4th kind of embodiment of ramp type caisson breakwater.
In Fig. 6, caisson body levee crown slope 5 a plurality ofly to be bound block 11 by protruding and the recessed ramp type matsurface progressively raised formed, the ramp type matsurface block 11 that binds is embedded between the horizontal vertical walls 3 of a plurality of caisson bodies at the top of ramp type caisson body 1, the longitudinal vertical wall 4 of a plurality of caisson body, ramp type matsurface binds the top of block 11 shutoff ramp type caisson body 1, prevents the silt particle of the inner filling of ramp type caisson body 1 from being washed away by wave.The vertical wall of ramp type caisson body 1 has the block brace table 13 that binds supporting the block that binds.
The ramp type matsurface block 11 that binds makes ramped surfaces coarse, when wave climb or landing time, water body can agitate, roll, circle round, the eddy current of generation, collision at protruding and concave surface, and most of wave energy is low mutually to disappear.
Ramp type matsurface binds on block 11 the filling sand hole 9 that can pour into silt particle, stone in ramp type caisson body 1.
Ramp type matsurface binds block 11 and ramp type caisson body 1 split production, reduces the weight of ramp type caisson body 1 and manufactures hoisting difficulty, but adding assembling trouble.
Fig. 7 is the cross-sectional view of the 5th kind of embodiment of ramp type caisson breakwater.
In Fig. 7, caisson body levee crown slope 5 is a plurality of ramp type steps 8 progressively raised, and ramp type step 8 has the filling sand hole 9 that can pour into silt particle in ramp type caisson body 1.
Ramp type step 8 makes ramped surfaces be step-like, when wave climb or landing time, water body can agitate at ledge surface, rolls, circle round, the eddy current of generation, collision, and most of wave energy is low mutually to disappear.
Ramp type step 8 and ramp type caisson body 1 make one, make and integrally make ramp type caisson body 1 have better bulk strength and rigidity.
When ramp type caisson body 1 is manufactured by land, fill with the passage that sand hole 9 can be used for the turnover of the article such as constructor and template.
Fig. 8 is the cross-sectional view of the 6th kind of embodiment of ramp type caisson breakwater.
In Fig. 8, caisson body levee crown slope 5 is that a plurality of ramp type step making slope box-shaped binds block 12, the ramp type step block 12 that binds is embedded between the horizontal vertical walls 3 of a plurality of caisson bodies at ramp type caisson body 1 top, the longitudinal vertical wall 4 of a plurality of caisson body, and the vertical wall of ramp type caisson body 1 has the block brace table 13 that binds supporting the block that binds.
The ramp type step block 12 that binds makes ramped surfaces be step-like, when wave climb or landing time, water body can agitate at ledge surface, rolls, circle round, the eddy current of generation, collision, and most of wave energy is low mutually to disappear.
Ramp type step binds on block 12 the filling sand hole 9 that can pour into silt particle, stone in ramp type caisson body 1.
Ramp type step binds block 12 and ramp type caisson body 1 split production, reduces the weight of ramp type caisson body 1 and manufactures hoisting difficulty, but adding assembling trouble.
Slope of the present invention there is larger inclined-plane, the sea fishery facilities such as artificial marine habitat can be made in inclined-plane, improve marine environment, increase marine resource.
In figure, undeclared piece number 14 represents the position of mean sea level, and piece number 15 represents Benq's bed pierre-perdue of mole.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: a kind of ramp type caisson breakwater is provided, the slope of ramp type caisson makes wave that fragmentation occur on slope, and most of wave energy is absorbed and dissipates in the traveling process of slope, and reflexion of wave is little, stability is high, the protection effect of mole is good, and do levee body intensity and toughness with ramp type reinforced concrete caisson good, constructional materials consumption is few, efficiency of construction is high, low cost of manufacture, small investment, the construction period is short.
Claims (6)
1. the ramp type caisson breakwater be longitudinally made up of a plurality of ramp type caisson body (1), ramp type caisson body (1) is reinforced concrete box shaped structure, comprise the caisson body horizonal base plate (2) being positioned at bottom, the horizontal vertical wall (3) of a plurality of caisson body, the longitudinal vertical wall (4) of a plurality of caisson body, it is characterized in that: the top of ramp type caisson body (1) is caisson body levee crown slope (5) raised by side, side direction mole port, mole sea, the gradient of caisson body levee crown slope (5) is between 1:3 to 1:1, the height of caisson levee crown slope (5) is 1 to 4 times of wave height.
2. ramp type caisson breakwater according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: caisson body levee crown slope (5) is that the ramp type lattice progressively raised be made up of a plurality of inclination transverse beam and a plurality of horizontal longitudinal beam are deleted (6), ramp type lattice delete (6) have can pour in ramp type caisson body (1) silt particle, stone lattice delete hole.
3. ramp type caisson breakwater according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: caisson body levee crown slope (5) is the ramp type matsurface (7) progressively raised that is protruding and recessed formation, ramp type matsurface (7) has the filling sand hole (9) that can pour into silt particle, stone in ramp type caisson body (1).
4. ramp type caisson breakwater according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: caisson body levee crown slope (5) is a plurality of ramp type steps (8) progressively raised ramp type step (8) having the filling sand hole (9) that can pour into silt particle in ramp type caisson body (1).
5. the ramp type caisson breakwater according to claim 2,3,4, is characterized in that: ramp type lattice delete (6), ramp type matsurface (7), ramp type step (8) makes one with ramp type caisson body (1).
6. according to claim 2, 3, ramp type caisson breakwater described in 4, it is characterized in that: ramp type lattice are deleted, ramp type matsurface, ramp type step is that the ramp type lattice of a plurality of slopes box-shaped delete the block that binds (10), a plurality of ramp type matsurface binds block (11), a plurality of ramp type step binds block (12), ramp type lattice delete the block that binds (10), ramp type matsurface binds block (11), the ramp type step block (12) that binds is embedded in the horizontal vertical wall (3) of a plurality of caisson bodies at ramp type caisson body (1) top, in space between the longitudinal vertical wall (4) of a plurality of caisson body, the vertical wall of ramp type caisson body (1) has the block brace table (13) that binds supporting the block that binds.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310397743.2A CN104420441A (en) | 2013-09-03 | 2013-09-03 | Slope-type caisson breakwater |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310397743.2A CN104420441A (en) | 2013-09-03 | 2013-09-03 | Slope-type caisson breakwater |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104420441A true CN104420441A (en) | 2015-03-18 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310397743.2A Pending CN104420441A (en) | 2013-09-03 | 2013-09-03 | Slope-type caisson breakwater |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104746524A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-07-01 | 中国海洋大学 | Energy dissipation type caisson |
| CN110093899A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-08-06 | 中水淮河规划设计研究有限公司 | A kind of Seawall safeguard structure of efficient joint energy dissipating |
-
2013
- 2013-09-03 CN CN201310397743.2A patent/CN104420441A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104746524A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-07-01 | 中国海洋大学 | Energy dissipation type caisson |
| CN110093899A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-08-06 | 中水淮河规划设计研究有限公司 | A kind of Seawall safeguard structure of efficient joint energy dissipating |
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Application publication date: 20150318 |
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| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |