CN104414634A - 非接触式心电图测量传感器和传感器阵列以及座椅或铺位 - Google Patents
非接触式心电图测量传感器和传感器阵列以及座椅或铺位 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于对人体的非接触式心电图测量的传感器,其包括用于在物体上紧固传感器的平的载体元件(37)以及至少一个与载体元件(37)相对且与之连接的平的导电电极(24)。电极(24)还利用至少一个压力传感器(38)支承于载体元件(37)上。在载体元件(37)和电极(24)之间进一步布置有湿度传感器(39)、温度传感器(40)以及加速度传感器(41)。本发明进一步涉及用于对人体的非接触式心电图测量的传感器阵列以及车辆座椅或铺位。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于对人体的非接触式心电图测量的传感器。本发明还涉及配备了多个传感器的传感器阵列,以及配备了传感器阵列的车辆中的座椅或铺位。
背景技术
通过心电图传感器测量人体的皮肤上的电势或者电场强度构成了许多医学诊断方法的基础。如此,例如,通过所测量的电势可以记录心电图(ECG)或者确定心率。
在用于测量皮肤上的电势的传统测量方法中,后者通过与皮肤表面直接电接触的电极获得。这样皮肤(一方)与电极(另一方)之间建立导电连接。但是,在这种情况下,要在电极与皮肤并进而与被检验的人体之间确保足够好的电接触往往是非常困难的。而且,这样的诊断方法越来越多地被提供用在无法直接接近被检验人员的肌肤的应用领域,例如在车辆应用中用于监测位于座椅或铺位上的车辆乘客的身体机能与/或生命参数。
例如,专利US 7684854B2公开了一种用在人体上的非接触式心电图测量的传感器。在这种情况下,这个人可以在凳子上、床上或车辆座椅上。可以在无需与皮肤的直接接触的情况下从穿有衣服的被检验人员的身体上记录其心电图。传感器包括平的导电电极,该电极包括面向人体的测量面以及背离人体的连接面,连接面与测量面相对并与前置放大器电连接。传感器的电极以及前置放大器由护套封闭。
专利文献EP 2532306A1公布了另一种记录人体心电图的非接触式传感器。该传感器包括导电电极以及与电极电连接并且配置用于放大电极接收的信号的检测装置。该传感器旨在布置于车辆座椅内以及用于确定就坐于车辆座椅上的驾驶员的特定生理参数。
专利文献DE 202012001096U1公布了用于电容式地记录车辆驾驶员的生命参数的电容传感器。为此,传感器安装在车辆座椅的靠背内或者其上。根据一个实施例,特别提出将传感器分散成两排布置于车辆座椅的靠背内或者其上,两排传感器之间的距离对应于驾驶员的脊柱宽度。在每一排,面积在16-36cm2的传感器以彼此相距1-5cm的相等距离布置。在另一个实施例中,两个宽度4-10cm的薄膜传感器布置于整个座椅的高度,并具有与脊柱对应的间隔,代替了将传感器以1-5cm的距离分布于座椅的整个高度的两排分开的传感器。
而且,专利文献DE 102008049112A1公布了一种电容式织物电极,用于在汽车应用中——例如在座椅内或铺位中——测量人体的身体机能与/或生命参数,该电极具有多层结构。该电极包括两层织物层,每层都有导电电极区域,设置另一织物层用于在两个织物层间形成距离。
通常,非接触式心电图测量的区别在于例如被检验人体的皮肤与传感器电极之间可以有衣服。但采用这种方式通过电极记录的测量信号的信号质量极大地受各种因素影响,例如在测量时传感器所遭受的振动、在测量时存在于通过传感器检验的人体与电极之间的接触压力、在电极与被检验人体皮肤之间的微气候、衣服的材料以及电极附近的静电荷。
发明内容
根据这样的背景,本发明的目的是提供一种优选用在车辆应用中的用于对人员的非接触式心电图测量的传感器、传感器阵列以及座椅或铺位,应用这样的传感器可以获得关于人体的身体机能与/或生命参数的可靠信息,也就是说在任何时候该传感器都具有传递高信号质量的可靠信号的能力。
这个目标通过具备本发明技术特征的传感器、传感器阵列以及根据本发明的座椅或铺位来实现。
需要指出的是,权利要求中单独提到的技术特征可以以任何技术上有利的方式彼此结合,并呈现出本发明的进一步配置。对本发明的描述尤其结合附图附加地表征和详细说明了本发明。
根据本发明,优选在车辆应用中用于对人体的非接触式心电图测量的传感器包括:用于在物体上紧固传感器的平的载体元件,以及至少一个与载体元件相对且与之连接的平的导电电极。在本发明中,“非接触”应理解为电极不直接与被检验人体的皮肤接触的意思。例如,在被检验人体与电极之间可以有衣物用品。
在根据本发明的传感器中,电极利用至少一个压力传感器支承于载体元件。在载体元件和电极之间进一步布置有湿度传感器、温度传感器以及加速度传感器。上述所有的传感器类型因此都集成于根据本发明的传感器内。当对人体实施心电图测量时,上述传感器使得针对每个独立传感器记录所有的重要参数成为可能。而且,可以获得通过根据本发明的传感器的电极记录的测量信号的质量以及可用性的信息。尤其是例如当信号质量太低时测量信号会被抑制,因此关于被检验人体的身体机能与/或生命参数的错误结论无法得出。相应的,在根据本发明的传感器的帮助下可以获得关于人体的身体机能与/或生命参数的更可靠信息。
本发明的有利配置具有处理单元,其配置用于接收由压力传感器、湿度传感器、温度传感器以及加速度传感器所产生的信息,还用于根据所接收到的信息过滤电极所记录的测量信号。通过这种方式,可以提高记录的测量信号的信号质量,例如,通过从测量信号中过滤出在测量时由于这些参数所产生的假象。
在另一种有利配置中,多重平行产生的各种传感器的传感器信号用于消除或补偿不需要的信号分量,突出所需的信号分量与/或适应电子设备的传输性质以及在测量信息帮助下的后续信号处理。
根据本发明的另一个有利配置,在与湿度传感器及温度传感器相对处的电极上分别设有开口。这便于通过确定人体所穿衣物的湿度来确定电极与被检验人体皮肤之间的微气候。
根据本发明的传感器阵列包括至少两个根据本发明的上述类型的传感器。从当前发明的意义而言,多个这种传感器的任何类型的排列应理解为传感器阵列。
根据本发明,车辆中的座椅或铺位具有至少一个上述类型的根据本发明的用于对在座椅上或铺位上的人体的非接触式心电图测量的传感器阵列。
附图说明
本发明的进一步的特征以及优点可以在下面本发明的示例性实施例的描述中找到,该实施例不应理解为限制性的并将在下面参照附图进行更详细的解释。在图中,示意性的:
图1显示了根据现有技术的传感器阵列以及车辆座椅;
图2显示了根据本发明的一个实施例的传感器的侧截面视图;以及
图3为图2传感器的主视图。
附图标记列表
20 传感器阵列
21 座椅
22 人体,身体
23 传感器
24 电极
25 测量面
26 连接面
27 测量装置
28 绝缘体
29 衣服
30 护套
31 前置放大器
32 仪表放大器
33 过滤和放大单元
34 A/D转换器
35 计算机单元
36 传感器
37 载体元件
38 压力传感器
39 湿度传感器
40 温度传感器
41 加速度传感器
42 开口
具体实施方式
在各图中,同样的部分总是采用同样的附图标记,因此通常只对其进行一次描述。
图1示意性的呈现出了根据现有技术的用于对人体22的非接触式心电图测量的传感器阵列20以及车辆座椅21。可以看出,传感器阵列由以3x2矩阵布置在车辆座椅靠背中的六个传感器23的矩阵排列构成,每一个传感器包括平的导电电极24。另一个电极进一步布置于车辆座椅21的座椅表面内,通过该电极将参考电势应用到电路中。
每个电极24包括面向人体22或他/她身体的测量面25,以及背离人体并与测量面25相对的连接面26,连接面26用于与测量装置27相连接。如图1所示,各个电极24的测量面25不直接与被检验人体22的皮肤接触。相反,在图1中,绝缘体28应用于每个电极24的测量面25上。而且,人体所穿的衣服29也位于被检验人体22的身体与测量面25之间。
图1中呈现的测量装置27包括每个传感器23一个的前置放大器31(内部包括偏压电阻(RBIAS)),其由护套30封闭。而且,仪表放大器32放大通过传感器23的电极24记录的测量信号,随后至过滤和放大单元33以及数模转换器(A/D转换器)34。通过A/D转换器34输出的数字测量信号随后以适当的方式进一步处理,例如利用数字计算机单元35处理。
图2示意性的呈现出根据本发明的第一实施例的传感器36的侧截面视图。图3呈现出与图2相同的传感器36的主视图。传感器36包括用于将传感器36紧固于物体——例如车辆座椅的靠背——的平的载体元件37,以及与载体元件37相对并且连接的平的导电电极24。
而且,在图2所呈现的传感器中,两个压力传感器38、湿度传感器39、温度传感器40以及加速度传感器41安置于载体元件37与电极24之间。尤其是,电极24利用两个压力传感器38支承于载体元件37上,因此在压力传感器38的帮助下可以获得电极24与被检验人体之间的接触压力。
在图2以及图3中还可以看出,在与湿度传感器39及温度传感器40相对处的电极24上分别设有开口42,用于使湿度传感器39及温度传感器40可以确定电极24与被检测人体皮肤之间的微气候,尤其是被检验人体所穿衣服的水分含量。
处理单元(图中未示出)进一步配置用于接收由压力传感器38、湿度传感器39、温度传感器40以及加速度传感器41所产生的信息,并且根据接收到的信息过滤通过电极24获得的测量信号,尤其是从测量信号中过滤出在测量中由于这些参数所产生的假象并且由此大大提高测量信号的信号质量,因此可以获得关于被检验人体的身体机能与/或生命参数的可靠信息。
根据本发明的传感器、传感器阵列、以及座椅或铺位已经在附图中呈现的示例性实施例的帮助下进行了详细的解释。但所述传感器、传感器阵列、以及座椅或铺位并不限于本发明所述的实施例,而是也包括以相同的方式起作用的其他实施例。例如,可以想象的是,除了结合到根据本发明的传感器的压力传感器、湿度传感器、温度传感器以及加速度传感器之外,进一步的外部传感器——例如用于检测光辐射与/或热辐射的传感器——也可以与处理单元相连接。
在优选地实施例中,根据本发明的传感器、传感器阵列以及座椅或铺位被用于对车辆中、尤其是机动车辆中的人体的非接触式心电图测量。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于对人体的非接触式心电图测量的传感器,其特征在于,包括用于将传感器固定在物体上的平的载体元件(37)以及至少一个与载体元件(37)相对并且与之连接的平的导电电极(24),其中,电极(24)利用至少一个压力传感器(38)支承于载体元件(37)上,以及在载体元件(37)和电极(24)之间进一步布置湿度传感器(39)、温度传感器(40)以及加速度传感器(41)。
2.如权利要求1所述的传感器,其特征在于,包括处理单元,其配置用于接收由压力传感器(38)、湿度传感器(39)、温度传感器(40)以及加速度传感器(41)所产生的信息,以及用于根据所接收到的信息过滤电极(24)所记录的测量信号。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的传感器,其特征在于,使用由压力传感器(38)、湿度传感器(39)、温度传感器(40)以及加速度传感器(41)中的至少一个传感器所测量的信息,来消除或补偿不需要的信号分量,突出所需的信号分量和/或适应电子设备的传输性质以及在测量信息帮助下的后续信号处理。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的传感器,其特征在于,其中,在与湿度传感器(39)以及温度传感器(40)相对处的电极(24)上分别设有开口(42)。
5.一种传感器阵列,其特征在于,包括至少两个如上述权利要求中任一项所述的传感器(36)。
6.一种车辆座椅或铺位,其特征在于,包括至少一个如述权利要求5中所述的用于对处在座椅上或铺位上的人体的非接触式心电图测量的传感器阵列。
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