CN104410095B - The same electric power system that connects of ac electrified railway based on multi-terminal HVDC transmission - Google Patents
The same electric power system that connects of ac electrified railway based on multi-terminal HVDC transmission Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of ac electrified railway based on multi-terminal HVDC transmission with connecting electric power system, comprising: more than one three-phase high-voltage AC power; DC power conversion device, for converting three-phase high-voltage alternating current to high voltage direct current; High voltage direct current transmission loop, for being transported to the loop of each traction substation by high voltage direct current; AC converter, for converting high voltage direct current to low-pressure single-phase alternating current electricity; Contact net system, is connected with the output of AC converter, and contact net system is divided into ac bus and return wire, by after locomotive power taking from rail return current.The present invention has that structural principle is simple, safety and reliability is high, the advantage such as easy realization and popularization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is mainly concerned with the electric power system field based on track traffic, refers in particular to a kind of ac electrified railway based on multi-terminal HVDC transmission with connecting electric power system.
Background technology
With transmission line Ontology engineering, when condition is identical, DC line investment is more than the province of alternating current circuit, little to environmental impact.Remote DC transmission engineering, because the long current conversion station of circuit is identical, the investment of its integrated engineering is more economical.The grid-connected needs of ac transmission regulate and control two AC network, i.e. unified synchronous operation and voltage regulation and frequency modulation etc.The two ends AC network that DC transmission line contacts does not ask synchronous operation, and direct current transportation itself does not also exist stable problem, and the power sent is not by the restriction of power network stable problem.
At present, Traction networks is 110kV or the 220kV power taking from local power administration, 55kV or 27.5kV traction transformer being converted to single phase industrial frequence powers.Simultaneously because electric railway is the large large electricity consumer directly accessing electric power system, its power quality problem is directly penetrated into high-pressure system, affects the electric power quality of whole electrical network.Therefore, the background capacity of each Traction networks, power supply quality and stability all depend on local high voltage supply system at present.Once local high-voltage fence breaks down, can affect the power taking of traction substation, the power quality problem that traction substation brings simultaneously also have impact on local whole power supply quality.In order to alleviate negative-sequence current, the traction substation closed on the backbone network that same 1100kV or 220kV powers adopts the method access of wheel sequence commutation, and See Figure is known, so just there is multiple phase-splitting excessively.
This electric power system that there is phase-splitting exists inadaptable when realizing high speed, heavy loading locomotive traction, be mainly manifested at a high speed and heavy haul transport requirement motorcycle pantograph smoothly get stream continuously, and the existence of phase-splitting link, make the electric current of powered industry and commerce off and on, this greatly have impact on locomotive engine control in moment and the control of rotating speed, thus affecting the speed of service of locomotive, phase-splitting simultaneously is also link the weakest in whole system.Due to the existence of electric phase-splitting link, when locomotive operation is to a power supply segment ends, have to pass through the operation of moving back the series of complex such as level, power-off, slide into next section and recover normal operation item by item again, this had both added the complexity of locomotive operation, also seriously constrained the raising of locomotive running speed and the performance of tractive effort simultaneously.In order to solve the problem too brought mutually, at present except have employed automatic neutral-section passing device, a kind of mode is also had to be by the transformation based on railway power regulator RPC and contact line, make two-phase electric power system be transformed into a single phase power supply system, and the two-phase that traction substation exports regulate the output of each self-capacity by RPC.Due to station and between station and station cross phase-splitting due to the phase place of two Traction networks inconsistent, passing phase insulator device needs the phase place Rapid Variable Design controlling locomotive power taking, attracts an a series of difficult problem and potential safety hazard.Therefore this mode is mainly applicable to the phase-splitting excessively in traction substation station.And due between traction substation to cross phase-splitting different with the phase place that the traction transformer of two traction substations be close to exports and be difficult to carry out, need to consider from whole electric power system.Also have at present by after whole traction power supply rectification in unified inversion, thus it is through to realize whole piece circuit homophase, but the equipment increased is more, and due to after through, the distribution of stream of respectively asking for causes Cooperation with Relay suffering.Therefore, need to propose a kind of novel cophase supply scheme, in new departure, due to many in the number of locomotives run, change difficulty, conveniently engineering construction, requires that the change of electric power system can not change locomotive way to take power, therefore no matter how to change supply power mode, all will guarantee that contact line is single phase alternating current (A.C.) power frequency 25kV.Be exactly that the trend not affecting each contact line is distributed thus causes relaying protection difficult parameters to adjust in addition.
The existing electric railway of China adopts the mode of out-phase sectional power supply, it is crossed phase-splitting and is difficult to avoid, need first to block no punching at locomotive at undue phase time, after the remanent magnetism of traction transformer is eliminated, restart, this is equivalent to again, and locomotive runs by inertia during this period of time, therefore train speed and tractive effort incur loss, and reduce circuit capacity.Simultaneously to there is power factor low for existing traction power supply net, and harmonic wave, negative phase-sequence are serious, cause the outstanding problems such as reactive power compensation, high-frequency resonant, low-frequency oscillation, three-phase imbalance thus.For the problems referred to above, current home and abroad applies some solutions, eliminates the impact of phase-splitting as adopted vehicle-mounted phase-splitting or ground automatic neutral-section passing device excessively; Application SVC, SVG, APF or RPC device solves the power quality problems such as idle, harmonic wave, voltage fluctuation, negative phase-sequence, but all because of function singleness, cannot address these problems simultaneously, therefore often need to drop into multiple compensation, conversion equipment in traction substation, this not only adds investment and management cost, too increase occupation of land and operations risks.
In addition, each Traction Station is all power takings on local backbone network nearby, due to capacity and the load difference of each backbone network, cause background system capacity and the power supply quality of each traction substation, and the capacity in each electric substation can not intercommunication.In recent years China's electric railway is developed rapidly, the single-machine capacity of electric locomotive and train operation density are obtained for obvious raising, and the lagging in development of China's electrical network, therefore the background capacity of traction substation is all less, this power quality problem that locomotive is brought is more and more obvious, and this power supply capacity has limited the further development of electric railway.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is just: the technical problem existed for prior art, the invention provides that a kind of structural principle is simple, safety and reliability is high, the ac electrified railway based on multi-terminal HVDC transmission of easy realization and popularization is with connecting electric power system.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
The same electric power system that connects of ac electrified railway based on multi-terminal HVDC transmission, comprising:
More than one three-phase high-voltage AC power;
DC power conversion device, for converting three-phase high-voltage alternating current to high voltage direct current;
High voltage direct current transmission loop, for being transported to the loop of each traction substation by high voltage direct current;
AC converter, for converting high voltage direct current to low-pressure single-phase alternating current electricity;
Contact net system, is connected with the output of AC converter, and contact net system is divided into ac bus and return wire, by after locomotive power taking from rail return current.
As a further improvement on the present invention: described AC converter is positioned at traction substation; Described in each, traction substation correspondence only has a set of AC converter, or described in each, traction substation correspondence overlaps the AC converter of parallel running more.
As a further improvement on the present invention: described DC power conversion device comprises and connects reactance and modularization cascade converter, and described connection reactance is according to being divided into LA, LB and LC mutually; Each connection reactance by upper and lower two independently reactance be in series, or for be pulled out the structure of a terminal from mid point by a reactance.
As a further improvement on the present invention: described module-cascade current transformer is made up of A, B, C 3-phase power converter, every phase current transformer is formed by 2e module-cascade, a described 2e module is divided into two parts by connecting reactance, and three-phase module constructs the positive and negative bus of DC side jointly.
As a further improvement on the present invention: in described every phase 2e module, the cascade structure of each submodule is full H bridge cascade structure, full half-bridge cascade structure or H bridge and half-bridge mixed connection structure.
As a further improvement on the present invention: in described AC converter, the sub module cascade structure of modularization cascade converter is full H bridge cascade structure, full half-bridge cascade structure or H bridge and half-bridge mixed connection structure.
As a further improvement on the present invention: also comprise electricity generation system along the line, shared high-voltage direct current is accessed with the power plant of Along Railway by the mode of flexible DC power transmission.
As a further improvement on the present invention: also comprise energy storage device, for the power flowcontrol according to whole electric power system, carry out concentrating storage and release to electric energy.
As a further improvement on the present invention: described high voltage direct current transmission loop carries out clamper with between AC converter by connecting of multiple DC capacitor, be divided into X direct current component, each direct current component exports to a single-phase transformer by direct current after inversion is carried out in interchange, the voltage needed for exporting after each single-phase transformer output head and the tail series connection.
As a further improvement on the present invention: each single-phase AC converter side can the AC converter of a three phase full bridge in parallel, then by powering to auxiliary three-phase system after three-phase transformer isolation.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1, the present invention only needs the traction transformer changing original high-voltage AC transmission and traction substation, does not make change contact line and locomotive; The quantities changed is relatively few, small investment, easier Project Realization.
2, the phase place of AC power that exports of the present invention and amplitude are all controllable, the AC power that can realize between each Traction Station becomes same amplitude and phase angle like this, thus is connected to each other, and has both cancelled in station and has crossed phase-splitting, also can cancel the phase-splitting excessively between station and station, realize being open to traffic.
3, the present invention adopts Technics of Power Electronic Conversion technology that High Level AC Voltage is become high voltage direct current, and the electric energy that can realize multiple High Level AC Voltage is in parallel, namely by respective alternating current being converted to parallel connection after direct current.This can realize the intercommunication of the electric energy in each area, and powering for whole Traction networks provides larger power supply, and when wherein some high-voltage ac power trawlnets, can not affect the power supply of whole Traction networks, improve the safety and reliability of system.
4, adopt high voltage direct current transmission at each traction substation in the present invention, direct current transportation improves the transmission line capability of circuit, needed for follow-up Traction networks load raising, provide higher electric energy to lay the foundation.
5, the present invention is that this converter system is connected with electrical network and does not need transformer, directly can access high-pressure system, thus is conducive to improving system response time, reduces investment and the advantage such as loss and floor space; The present invention does not also need transformer to contact line for electrical connection, directly can realize the output of high voltage direct current to low-voltage alternating-current, thus is conducive to improving system response time, reduces investment and the advantage such as loss and floor space.
6, there is DC side to isolate in the present invention and high-voltage alternating system, thus eliminate the next power quality problem of traction power supply guipure to the impact exchanging backbone network.Meanwhile, direct current net powers to each traction substation, and generation of electricity by new energy along the line, common generating directly can be incorporated to direct current net by the spot.
7, the present invention adopts power electronic technology to realize high voltage direct current and is converted to 25KV alternating current, due to the controllability of power electronics, to harmonic wave and idle all can real-Time Compensation, and can to protect and power-off fault in time.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural principle schematic diagram of the present invention in embody rule example.
Fig. 2 is the structural principle schematic diagram of the present invention's DC power conversion device in embody rule example.
Fig. 3 a is that the present invention's modularization cascade converter in embody rule example adopts the principle schematic of full H bridge cascade.
Fig. 3 b is the principle schematic that the present invention's modularization cascade converter in embody rule example adopts full half-bridge cascade.
Fig. 3 c is that the present invention's modularization cascade converter in embody rule example adopts the principle schematic of H bridge and half-bridge mixed connection.
Fig. 4 is the structural principle schematic diagram of the present invention's AC converter in embody rule example.
Fig. 5 is the structural principle schematic diagram of the present invention in another embody rule example.
Embodiment
Below with reference to Figure of description and specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further details.
As shown in Figure 1, the ac electrified railway that the present invention is based on multi-terminal HVDC transmission, with connecting electric power system, comprising:
Three-phase high-voltage AC power; Because electric railway passed area and each city, therefore each traction substation is all from regional 110kV/220kV/330kV power taking on the spot, this general layout also will not be given in the present invention and be become, and namely still comprises original regional three-phase high-voltage AC power 1, three-phase high-voltage AC power 2 ... this N number of power supply of three-phase high-voltage AC power N.
DC power conversion device (AC-DC), for converting three-phase high-voltage alternating current to high voltage direct current, changes high voltage direct current by regional three-phase high-voltage AC power into by power electronic equipment dress.
High voltage direct current transmission loop, for high voltage direct current being transported to the loop of each traction substation, replaces original high-voltage AC transmission loop.By adopting this high voltage direct current transmission loop, have the following advantages: first, this mode of high voltage direct current transmission makes the high-voltage fence in each area all contact together by DC side, can realize the circulation of each regional electric energy like this, expands the background capacity of tractive power supply system; Change original AC network and just can only can have shared limitation possessing public high-voltage ac power.The second, due to the circulation of the interconnected rear energy of high voltage direct current, the power supply continuity of whole traction power supply is improved, there will not be one of them area power grid in ac transmission to have a power failure, directly cause having a power failure from the traction substation of this area power taking.3rd, by direct current transportation, improve the power supply capacity of whole system.
AC converter (DC-AC), for converting high voltage direct current to low-pressure single-phase alternating current electricity, this major function realizes high voltage direct current to be converted to low-voltage alternating-current, it realizes by the inverter controlling cascade the single phase industrial frequence alternating current that high voltage direct current converts 55kV or 27.5kV needed for current China Traction networks to, and its phase place exported can be controlled, the parallel running of multiple inverter can be realized like this.In FIG, can be that a traction substation only has a set of DC-AC device, also can be the parallel running of traction substation many covers DC-AC device.
In preferred embodiment, multiple high voltage direct current converts low-pressure single-phase alternating current electric transducer DC-AC to by power droop control method, controls active power and the reactive power of each DC-AC output, and makes do not have circulation between each DC-AC.In addition, can also further the electric current that exports of control DC-AC to the harmonic wave of locomotive load with idlely to compensate.
Contact net system, contact line is still consistent with original single-phase contact line, is divided into ac bus and return wire.If AT supply power mode, then positive and negative 27.5kV bus is connected together the unified current potential getting 27.5kV, by after locomotive power taking from rail return current.
Shown in Figure 2, in this enforcement, DC power conversion device (AC-DC) comprises and connects reactance and modularization cascade converter, wherein connect reactance according to being divided into LA, LB and LC mutually, each reactance can be upper and lower two independently reactance be in series, also can be a reactance pulls out terminal structure from mid point.Three-phase high-voltage AC system is connected to from two reactance centres or a reactance center tap.
In the present embodiment, module-cascade current transformer is made up of A, B, C 3-phase power converter, and every phase current transformer is formed by 2e module-cascade, and this 2e module is divided into two parts by connecting reactance, and three-phase module constructs the positive and negative bus of DC side jointly.This topology has the isolation of AC and DC, and the problem that therefore negative-sequence current that brings of Traction networks is large, by no longer including the existence of negative phase-sequence problem after DC-isolation.
In every phase 2e module, the cascade structure of each submodule is as shown in Fig. 3 a ~ 3c, and the AC of modules has a by-pass switch, makes module in case of a fault can online bypass fast, realizes the on-line redundance of module.Module forms this and forms situation by three kinds:
The first situation is that the cascade of H bridge module forms entirely, and as shown in Figure 3 a, wherein each H bridge can be the module of same electric pressure, and the direct voltage of modules is identical, and namely the value of Ud1, Udi, Ude is equal; Also can be the H bridge cascade of different model, the direct voltage of each H bridge be also not necessarily equal, can become certain relation, such as 2 times of relations, and the value of such Ud1, Udi, Ude may be unequal.This benefit with the cascade of H bridge module has two, and the first can control the polarity of two DC buss, namely can arbitrarily control positive voltage terminal, which bus negative voltage side be in; Another benefit is when DC side breaks down, and can be exported the output of a direct voltage contrary with original DC voltage, can reduce direct voltage rapidly like this, thus reduce fault output by the controls of 4 full control device T1, T2, T3, T4.
The second situation can be that half-bridge module cascade forms entirely, and as shown in Figure 3 b, like this, compare H bridge, number of devices used will reduce half.Equally, each half-bridge can be the module of same electric pressure, and the direct voltage of modules is identical, and namely the value of Ud1, Udi, Ude is equal; Also can be the half-bridge cascade of different model, the direct voltage of each half-bridge be also not necessarily equal, can become certain relation, such as 2 times of relations, and the value of such Ud1, Udi, Ude may be unequal.The benefit done like this to reduce number of devices, reduces costs.
The third situation can be that the Mixed cascading of half-bridge and H bridge module forms, and as shown in Figure 3 c, this topology has drawn the advantage of two kinds above, and a required device quantity between two parties, and possesses the ability that necessarily can control fault current.Equally, modules can be the module of same electric pressure, and the direct voltage of modules is identical, and namely the value of Ud1, Udi, Ude is equal; Also can be the module-cascade of different model, the direct voltage of modules be also not necessarily equal, can become certain relation, such as 2 times of relations, and the value of such Ud1, Udi, Ude may be unequal.
In the present embodiment, the sub modular structure in AC converter (DC-AC) is the same with Fig. 3 a ~ 3c, is also to comprise the cascade of H bridge, half-bridge cascade, H bridge and half-bridge mixed connection three kinds of situations, and the direct voltage of modules can be unequal.It, by two reactance LA and LB incoming transport Traction networks, sees Fig. 4.
As preferred embodiment, see Fig. 1, the present invention also comprises electricity generation system along the line further, all can access shared high-voltage direct current by the mode of flexible DC power transmission with the wind-powered electricity generation power plant, photovoltaic generation factory etc. of Along Railway.
As preferred embodiment, see Fig. 1, the present invention also comprises energy storage device further; Although because whole Traction networks is through, the energy of brake locomotive can be pulled locomotive and consume as power, but also likely there is unnecessary braking energy to need to feed back to direct current net, consider that the energy output such as wind-powered electricity generation and photovoltaic may be greater than the electric energy needed for traction locomotive simultaneously, in order to alleviate excessive electric energy feedback High-voltage AC Network, greater impact is caused to electrical network, energy storage device can according to the power flowcontrol of whole electric power system, carry out concentrating to electric energy and store and release, play the effect of peak load shifting, the reliability of the system that increases electric power.When all power plants have a power failure, UPS function can also be served as, realize the power supply to load, alleviate the harm brought that has a power failure suddenly.
After adopting said structure of the present invention, all not containing transformer in whole electric power transmission network, the power flexible of realization is defeated, distribution, decreases the problem such as loss, occupation of land that transformer brings.Full unit is controlled owing to possessing this two-stage of AC-DC and DC-AC, when fault, can control fast, comparing the time delay that the original opening and closing by circuit breaker control is ms rank, the response time of this device is us rank, and this makes the security performance of whole circuit improve.
After adopting said structure of the present invention, each area power grid carries out interaction by direct current net, realize the multizone flowing of energy, such as when one of them high-voltage fence power outage, the electric energy in other areas by direct current network transmission in the past, then can also give the block supply had a power failure conversely by three-phase AC-DC.
After adopting said structure of the present invention, whole system is integrated generation, transmission of electricity, distribution, accumulate integral system, possesses height independence; The interchange that can realize whole electric railway is through, can not change existing locomotive and contact line.Entirely control unit owing to possessing this two-stage of AC-DC and DC-AC, the negative-sequence current that locomotive brings can be solved, the problem of harmonic wave and reactive power.
In another embodiment, the basis of above-described embodiment can also be expanded, as shown in Figure 5, its main distinction is that the high voltage direct current in being converted the second level is transformed into this part of low-voltage alternating-current.Namely, high voltage direct current is carried out clamper by the series connection of multiple DC capacitor, thus being divided into X direct current component, each direct current component exports to a single-phase transformer by direct current after inversion is carried out in interchange, the voltage after each single-phase transformer output head and the tail series connection needed for output single-phase 25kV system.The single-phase 25kV voltage that each traction substation exports due to amplitude and phase place all controlled, therefore can connect together, form the ac tracting network connected together.
In addition, each single-phase DC-AC side can a three phase full bridge in parallel DC-AC, then by powering to auxiliary three-phase system after three-phase transformer isolation.In this topology, DC converting becomes alternating current, according to the voltage on each DC capacitor, except the cascaded topology shown in available Fig. 5, can also directly use H bridge two level block, or three-level structure, even many level topologys.
As can be seen here, the advantage of whole topology is: hand over high voltage direct current by after capacitances in series dividing potential drop, simple two level or three level can be used to carry out inversion, and have single-phase output transformer to isolate, prevent from forming circulation between multiple DC-AC.
Below be only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention be not only confined to above-described embodiment, all technical schemes belonged under thinking of the present invention all belong to protection scope of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1., based on the same electric power system that connects of ac electrified railway of multi-terminal HVDC transmission, it is characterized in that, comprising:
More than one three-phase high-voltage AC power;
DC power conversion device, for converting three-phase high-voltage alternating current to high voltage direct current;
High voltage direct current transmission loop, for being transported to the loop of each traction substation by high voltage direct current;
AC converter, for converting high voltage direct current to low-pressure single-phase alternating current electricity;
Contact net system, is connected with the output of AC converter, and contact net system is divided into ac bus and return wire, by after locomotive power taking from rail return current;
Described AC converter is positioned at traction substation; Described in each, traction substation correspondence only has a set of AC converter, or described in each, traction substation correspondence overlaps the AC converter of parallel running more.
2. the ac electrified railway based on multi-terminal HVDC transmission according to claim 1 is with connecting electric power system, it is characterized in that, described DC power conversion device comprises and connects reactance and modularization cascade converter, and described connection reactance is according to being divided into LA, LB and LC mutually; Each connection reactance by upper and lower two independently reactance be in series, or for be pulled out the structure of a terminal from mid point by a reactance.
3. the ac electrified railway based on multi-terminal HVDC transmission according to claim 2 is with connecting electric power system, it is characterized in that, described module-cascade current transformer is made up of A, B, C 3-phase power converter, every phase current transformer is formed by 2e module-cascade, a described 2e module is divided into two parts by connecting reactance, and three-phase module constructs the positive and negative bus of DC side jointly.
4. the ac electrified railway based on multi-terminal HVDC transmission according to claim 3 is with connecting electric power system, it is characterized in that, in described every phase 2e module, the cascade structure of each submodule is full H bridge cascade structure, full half-bridge cascade structure or H bridge and half-bridge mixed connection structure.
5. the ac electrified railway based on multi-terminal HVDC transmission according to claim 4 is with connecting electric power system, it is characterized in that, in described AC converter, the sub module cascade structure of modularization cascade converter is full H bridge cascade structure, full half-bridge cascade structure or H bridge and half-bridge mixed connection structure.
6. the ac electrified railway based on multi-terminal HVDC transmission according to claim 1 is with connecting electric power system, it is characterized in that, also comprise electricity generation system along the line, access shared high-voltage direct current with the power plant of Along Railway by the mode of flexible DC power transmission.
7. the ac electrified railway based on multi-terminal HVDC transmission according to claim 1 is with connecting electric power system, it is characterized in that, also comprises energy storage device, for the power flowcontrol according to whole electric power system, carries out concentrating storage and release to electric energy.
8. the ac electrified railway based on multi-terminal HVDC transmission according to claim 1 is with connecting electric power system, it is characterized in that, described high voltage direct current transmission loop carries out clamper with between AC converter by connecting of multiple DC capacitor, be divided into X direct current component, each direct current component exports to a single-phase transformer by direct current after inversion is carried out in interchange, the voltage needed for exporting after each single-phase transformer output head and the tail series connection.
9. the ac electrified railway based on multi-terminal HVDC transmission according to claim 8 is with connecting electric power system, it is characterized in that, each single-phase AC converter side can the AC converter of a three phase full bridge in parallel, then by powering to auxiliary three-phase system after three-phase transformer isolation.
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