CN104409134A - 一种用于太阳能电池的复合碳电极及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于太阳能电池的复合碳电极及其制备方法，涉及太阳能电池。所述用于太阳能电池的复合碳电极的原料质量比为碳材料1、分散剂2～10、粘结剂0.1～1、添加剂0～0.2。制备方法：将石墨和导电碳黑加入分散剂中，再加入粘结剂、添加剂，使浆料混合，制得碳浆料；再将碳浆料涂布于太阳能电池活性层上，干燥后即得用于太阳能电池的复合碳电极。所采用方法可以实现大规模生产，避免了使用蒸镀、溅射镀膜等工艺所需要使用高温和高真空条件及其相应设备，大大降低了电池的制造成本，适用于大面积电池的制作。所制得的碳浆料1mm厚度方阻在10Ω/□以下，成本低廉、性价比高、性能稳定，可以代替金属电极在太阳能电池中的对电极作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能电池，尤其是涉及一种用于太阳能电池的复合碳电极及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着全球经济的发展，能源消耗逐年增加，据《BP能源统计年鉴》显示，2013年，全球一次能源消费增长了2.3％，过去10年的能源消耗则达到了2.5％的平均增速。以石油、煤炭、天然气为代表的化石能源储量有限，能源问题必将会成为今后社会发展所面临的一个重大问题。太阳能为可再生资源，且具有取之不尽用之不竭的特点，因此太阳能的开发和利用具有重要的意义，而太阳能电池是太阳能利用的重要手段，但是现今的太阳能电池制造成本偏高，使用太阳能电池的经济效益不高，严重制约了行业发展。
现在多数太阳能电池对电极主要还是成本较高的贵金属电极(金、银、铜、铝、铂等)，用真空设备(蒸发镀膜，磁控溅射镀膜、原子层沉积等)制成对电极，材料和设备成本相当昂贵。
目前，太阳能电池的实验室研究中，也有使用碳对电极的报道，如专利CN 101188257、CN 103490011A等和文献Rong Y,Han H.Monolithic quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cellsbased on graphene-modified mesoscopic carbon-counter electrodes[J].Journal of Nanophotonics,2013,7(1):073090。文献所提及的碳电极导电性能不高且需要高温烧结出多孔膜，制作过程繁琐。现在用于太阳能电池碳对电极的粘合剂，大都是二氧化钛粉末或其胶体、二氧化锡粉末或其胶体、二氧化锆粉末或其胶体等；而工业上碳浆粘合剂大都为电导率较低的丙烯酸树脂等高分子材料，制备的碳电极导电性能不佳，且质量不稳定。
采用廉价的材料制备对电极，降低对电极的成本，提高电池的光电转换效率和电池稳定性，对于促进太阳电池的大规模应用、提高市场竞争力是非常高必要的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有的用金属做电极成本高，用高温多孔碳电极要高温烧结等不利于大规模生产，用低温碳电极导电性能不佳，不利于电池效率提升等问题，提供一种用于太阳能电池的复合碳电极及其制备方法。
所述用于太阳能电池的复合碳电极的原料组成包括碳材料、分散剂、粘结剂、添加剂；所述碳材料、分散剂、粘结剂、添加剂的质量比为1∶(2～10)∶(0.1～1)∶(0～0.2)。
所述碳材料可选自石墨、导电碳黑等中的至少一种，优选石墨与导电碳黑的质量比为6∶4的石墨与导电碳黑混合导电碳材料；
所述分散剂可选自醇类、萜类、醚类、酯类、芳烃类等中的一种，所述醇类可选自甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、异丁醇、仲丁醇、叔丁醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、苯甲醇等中的一种；所述萜类可选自冰片、异冰片、茨酮、茨醇、茨烷、薄荷酮、薄荷醇、松油醇等中的一种；所述醚类可选自乙二醇单甲醚、丙二醇单甲醚、二丙二醇甲醚、丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇丁醚醋酸、二乙二醇丁醚醋酸等中的一种；酯类可选自乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、丁二酸二甲酯、戊二酸二甲酯、己二酸二甲酯等中的一种；芳烃类可选自氯苯、甲苯、二甲苯、三甲苯等中的一种；
所述粘结剂可采用导电高分子材料，所述导电高分子材料可选自聚三己基噻吩(P3HT)、聚(3,4-亚乙二氧基噻吩)PEDOT、聚苯胺PANI、聚[N-9’-十七烷基-2,7-咔唑-交替-3,6-二(噻吩-5-基)-2,5-二辛基-2,5-二氢吡咯并[3,4]吡咯-1,4-二酮](PCBTDPP)、聚三芳胺(PTAA)等中的至少一种；
所述添加剂可选自丙烯酸树脂、乙基纤维素等中的一种。
所述用于太阳能电池的复合碳电极的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
将石墨和导电碳黑加入分散剂中，再加入粘结剂、添加剂，使浆料混合，制得碳浆料；再将碳浆料涂布于太阳能电池活性层上，干燥后即得用于太阳能电池的复合碳电极。
所述使浆料混合可采用搅拌、离心或球磨使浆料混合；所述涂布的方法可采用浸涂、辊涂、刮刀涂布、丝网印刷等中的任一种；所述干燥的温度可为25～150℃，干燥的时间可为5～60min。
本发明所采用方法可以实现大规模生产,避免了使用蒸镀、溅射镀膜等工艺所需要使用高温和高真空条件及其相应设备，大大降低了电池的制造成本，适用于大面积电池的制作。本发明所制得的碳浆料1mm厚度方阻在10Ω/□以下，成本低廉、性价比高、性能稳定，可以代替金属电极在太阳能电池中的对电极作用。
具体实施方式
结合以下实施例将对本发明进行详细说明，但本发明不限于此。
实施例1
1)称取粘结剂5g的P3HT溶于20mL氯苯，100度加热搅拌30min，待其溶解得到P3HT溶液。
2)分别称取6g石墨和4g导电碳黑加入步骤1所配制的P3HT溶液中。
3)将步骤2)所配制的溶液用行星式搅拌机以50r/min的公转速度搅拌3min使其混合均匀，制得初级复合碳浆料。
4)将初级复合碳浆料放于三辊机进行轧制，制得用于太阳能电池的复合碳电极。
实施例2
1)称取1g的聚(3,4-亚乙二氧基噻吩)PEDOT溶于20mL甲苯中，搅拌10min，得到PEDOT溶液。
2)分别称取3g石墨和2g导电碳黑加入步骤1所配制的PEDOT溶液中。
3)其它条件和步骤与实施例1相同，制得用于太阳能电池的复合碳电极。
实施例3
1)称取2g聚苯胺(PANI)溶于10mL甲苯和10mL的丁酮混合溶液中，搅拌20min，得到聚苯胺溶液。
2)分别称取4g石墨和3g导电碳黑加入步骤1所配制的PANI溶液中。
3)其它条件和步骤与实施例1相同，制得用于太阳能电池的复合碳电极。
实施例4
1)称取3g聚三芳胺(PTAA)和1g丙烯酸树脂溶于20mL氯苯中，100度加热搅拌1h，得到聚三芳胺的混合溶液。
2)分别称取4g石墨和2.5g导电碳黑加入步骤1所配制的PTAA溶液中。
3)其它条件和步骤与实施例1相同，制得用于太阳能电池的复合碳电极。
本发明实施例为较佳实施方式，但是其具体实施并不限于此，本领域的技术人员极易根据上述实施例，领会本发明的精神，并做出不同的引申和变化，只要不脱离本发明，都属本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于太阳能电池的复合碳电极，其特征在于其原料组成包括碳材料、分散剂、粘结剂、添加剂；
所述碳材料、分散剂、粘结剂、添加剂的质量比为1∶(2～10)∶(0.1～1)∶(0～0.2)。
2.如权利要求1所述一种用于太阳能电池的复合碳电极，其特征在于所述碳材料选自石墨、导电碳黑中的至少一种。
3.如权利要求2所述一种用于太阳能电池的复合碳电极，其特征在于所述碳材料采用石墨与导电碳黑混合导电碳材料，石墨与导电碳黑的质量比为6∶4。
4.如权利要求1所述一种用于太阳能电池的复合碳电极，其特征在于所述分散剂选自醇类、萜类、醚类、酯类、芳烃类中的一种。
5.如权利要求4所述一种用于太阳能电池的复合碳电极，其特征在于所述醇类选自甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、异丁醇、仲丁醇、叔丁醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、苯甲醇中的一种；所述萜类选自冰片、异冰片、茨酮、茨醇、茨烷、薄荷酮、薄荷醇、松油醇中的一种；所述醚类选自乙二醇单甲醚、丙二醇单甲醚、二丙二醇甲醚、丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇丁醚醋酸、二乙二醇丁醚醋酸中的一种；酯类选自乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、丁二酸二甲酯、戊二酸二甲酯、己二酸二甲酯中的一种；芳烃类选自氯苯、甲苯、二甲苯、三甲苯中的一种。
6.如权利要求1所述一种用于太阳能电池的复合碳电极，其特征在于所述粘结剂采用导电高分子材料，所述导电高分子材料可选自聚三己基噻吩、聚(3,4-亚乙二氧基噻吩)、聚苯胺、聚[N-9’-十七烷基-2,7-咔唑-交替-3,6-二(噻吩-5-基)-2,5-二辛基-2,5-二氢吡咯并[3,4]吡咯-1,4-二酮]、聚三芳胺中的至少一种。
7.如权利要求1所述一种用于太阳能电池的复合碳电极，其特征在于所述添加剂选自丙烯酸树脂或乙基纤维素。
8.如权利要求1～7任一所述一种用于太阳能电池的复合碳电极的制备方法，其特征在于其具体步骤如下：
将石墨和导电碳黑加入分散剂中，再加入粘结剂、添加剂，使浆料混合，制得碳浆料；再将碳浆料涂布于太阳能电池活性层上，干燥后即得用于太阳能电池的复合碳电极。
9.如权利要求8所述一种用于太阳能电池的复合碳电极的制备方法，其特征在于所述使浆料混合是采用搅拌、离心或球磨使浆料混合。
10.如权利要求8所述一种用于太阳能电池的复合碳电极的制备方法，其特征在于所述涂布的方法是采用浸涂、辊涂、刮刀涂布、丝网印刷中的任一种；所述干燥的温度可为25～150℃，干燥的时间可为5～60min。
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