CN104406981B - A kind of method that fast qualitative differentiates fiber - Google Patents
A kind of method that fast qualitative differentiates fiber Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104406981B CN104406981B CN201410709676.8A CN201410709676A CN104406981B CN 104406981 B CN104406981 B CN 104406981B CN 201410709676 A CN201410709676 A CN 201410709676A CN 104406981 B CN104406981 B CN 104406981B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fiber
- fibre
- differentiates
- fast qualitative
- measured
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Landscapes
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to textile test technical field, and in particular to a kind of method that fast qualitative differentiates fiber；Fiber to be measured is first placed on slide by this method, and covered, the sample taken is observed to its longitudinal morphological feature under projection microscope again, while the change of the reagents such as hydrochloric acid, concentrated nitric acid or glycerine observation fiber is instilled on slide, so as to carry out identification judgement to fiber；Whole qualification process is not only fast, and accurately, solves the problems, such as slow to common fiber Qualitive test in textile fiber content test process, while reduces the labor intensity of tester.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to textile test technical field, and in particular to a kind of method that fast qualitative differentiates fiber.
Background technology
Textile fabric is the important source material for taking textile, household textiles and fabrics for industrial use, production and it is daily
In life, understand which kind of fiber fiber is, fabric is made of planting fiber spinning by which kind of or which, you can be made preferably to slap
The performance of fiber and fabric is held, this has very important meaning to carrying out normally production and daily life.Textile
The species of fiber is a lot, and with a large amount of development of chemical fibre, blending and the textile to interweave are also increasing, and textile
Performance and the fibre property for forming the textile are closely related.Therefore, in textile production management or product analysis, to fiber
Carry out science differentiates just even more important.The mode of appearance or inwardness of various textile fibers have similar place, also have not
Same part.Fibre identification is exactly to utilize fiber appearance form or inwardness difference, and they are made a distinction using various methods.
The phase difference of various natural fibers is more apparent, and of a sort phase keeps certain substantially.Therefore, differentiate that natural fiber is main
According to outward appearance phase Characteristics.The mode of appearance that many chemical fibres are particularly general synthetic fibers is substantially similar, and its section is mostly
Circle, but with the development of profiled filament, same kind of chemical fibre may be manufactured without same section morphology, and this is difficult to slave phase
Fiber species are distinguished in state feature, it is therefore necessary to are differentiated with reference to other method.Due to the material composition of various chemical substances
Different with structure, their physical property difference is very big.Therefore, chemical fibre is mainly according to fibrous physics and chemical property difference
To be differentiated.
Differentiate fiber method have microscope observation, combustion method, dissolution method, coloring medicine method, melting point method, densimetry and
Birefringence Method etc..In addition it is also possible to fiber is differentiated according to fibrous molecular structure, such as X-ray diffraction method and infrared absorption spectroscopy
Deng.
At present, most commonly used is microscopic method and dissolution method.Both approaches are built upon feel ocular estimate and burning
The basis of method is empirically carried out, and general fibre common at present, can be to its final discriminating by the two parts.But this
Two methods still have several drawbacks, such as microscopic method, and conventional is biomicroscope, and the film-making process of fibre section is (special
It is not cross-sectional slices) it is comparatively laborious, it is necessary to which human eye goes to observe the fiber on slide by eyepiece, visual field opereating specification compares
Limited, microscopic method qualitative progress needs to spend more time to go to distinguish fiber.Dissolution method, it is on the basis of microscopic method
Further differentiate the method for fiber, need individually to carry out in current technology, course of dissolution needs 5 minutes or so, has
It may also need to heat a bit.Differentiate that the time is long and cumbersome.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of simple to operate, high quick of identification accuracy rate
Qualitive test fiber process.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of method that fast qualitative differentiates fiber, including following preparation process：
A. hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid are prepared, is individually positioned in different reagent bottles；
B. appropriate fiber to be measured is taken to be placed on slide, and covered；
C. first the slide with fiber to be measured is placed on the glass objective table of projection microscope, amplifies 100~500 times
Under the conditions of, mobile slide makes fiber be projected on screen, observes the form of fiber, and tentatively identify fiber；
D. the hydrochloric acid is taken to drop on fiber to be measured out of reagent bottle, the covered observation state change of fiber and molten
Solution situation；
E. the concentrated nitric acid is finally instilled on fiber to be measured, observes the state change and dissolving situation of fiber, it is and micro-
The standard of mirror method indulges the contrast of face morphological feature, qualitatively judges fibre property.
Wherein, projection microscope uses Wuxi optical instrument manufactory, JTT/D types, projection microscope.
It is preferred that the concentration of volume percent of the hydrochloric acid is 20%.
It is preferred that the concentration of volume percent of the concentrated nitric acid is 65%~68%.
It is preferred that in the step C, if it is observed that there is bast-fibre, then a sample is separately taken to instill glycerine further
Determine bast-fibre.
It is preferred that before the step A, feel ocular estimate and combustion method are tentatively judged.
It is preferred that the fiber to be measured be animal wool fibre, regenerated celulose fibre, polyamide fibre, acrylic fibers, CUP,
Acetate fiber, Populus deltoides cotton, bast-fibre, silk, polyester fiber or some elastomers.
It is preferred that the animal wool fibre is wool, cashmere, the rabbit hair or mohair yarn etc..
It is preferred that the regenerated celulose fibre is viscous fine, Modal or lyocell.
It is preferred that the elastomer again is spandex, polyolefin elastic fiber, elastodiene fibre (rubber) etc..
The present invention is entered to fiber to be measured successively according to the method using simple reagent (glycerine, 20% hydrochloric acid, concentrated nitric acid)
Row processing, and the observation period longitudinal direction morphological feature under projection microscope, identification judgement, wherein 20%HCl normal temperature are carried out to fiber
Lower volatility is small, can dissolve polyamide fibre；The concentration of concentrated nitric acid is 65.0~68.0%, and it is fine that acrylic fibers, silk, vinegar are can dissolve under normal temperature
Deng can expand wool fibre.The present invention first drips hydrochloric acid, then drips concentrated nitric acid, after two acid mixing wool fibre can be made rapid
Expansion, some dyes that can be destroyed on fiber reach the purpose of colour fading, regenerated celulose fibre can be made to become more penetrating, more had
Beneficial to observation fibre morphology.Whole qualification process is not only fast (only needing 1~2 minute), and accurately, solves textile fiber
The problem of slow to common fiber Qualitive test during content measuring, while reduce the labor intensity of tester.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that ramie indulges face aspect graph, and Fig. 2 is that flax indulges face aspect graph,
Fig. 3 is that hemp indulges face aspect graph, and Fig. 4 is that bluish dogbane indulges face aspect graph,
Fig. 5 is that jute indulges face aspect graph, and Fig. 6 is that cotton indulges face aspect graph,
Fig. 7 is that mercerized cotton indulges face aspect graph, and Fig. 8 is that wool indulges face aspect graph,
Fig. 9 is that cashmere indulges face aspect graph, and Figure 10 is that the rabbit hair indulges face aspect graph,
Figure 11 is that alpaca fibre indulges face aspect graph, and Figure 12 is that mohair yarn indulges face aspect graph,
Figure 13 is that mulberry silk indulges face aspect graph, and Figure 14 is that tussah silk indulges face aspect graph,
Figure 15 is that Modal fibre indulges face aspect graph, and Figure 16 is that Lyocell fibers indulge face aspect graph,
Figure 17 is that terylene indulges face aspect graph, and Figure 18 is that acrylic fibers indulge face aspect graph,
Figure 19 is that polyamide fibre indulges face aspect graph, and Figure 20 is that polypropylene fibre indulges face aspect graph,
Figure 21 is viscous fine vertical face aspect graph.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, is managed to help those skilled in the art
The solution present invention.
The method that fast qualitative differentiates fiber, including following preparation process：
First, fiber to be measured is observed first：
(1), such as fruit fiber is short and thin, often with various impurity and fault, has combustion paper taste after so burning, can tentatively be judged as
Cotton fiber；
(2) if, feel it is more thick and stiff, so burn after have combustion paper taste, can tentatively be judged as flaxen fiber.
(3) if, curling and high resilience, so burn after singe hair taste, can tentatively be judged as animal origin.
(4), if long filament, long and very thin, there is special gloss, hair taste of being singed after so burning, can tentatively be judged as silkworm
Silk.
(5), the dry of such as fruit fiber, wet condition strength difference are big, have collapsing phenomenon during burning, can tentatively be judged as chemical fibre
Dimension.
(6), such as fruit fiber has very big elasticity, and its length can be stretched to more than five times at room temperature, can be preliminary
It is judged as elastomer.
2nd, projection microscope Rapid identification is carried out again：
1st, if fiber crops
It is placed in the fiber to be measured come is sorted out by observation on slide, and covered；Fibre to be measured will be carried
The slide of dimension is placed on the glass objective table of projection microscope, and under the conditions of 100~500 times of amplification, mobile slide makes fiber
It is projected on screen, observes the form of fiber, and further determines that；
Then glycerine is taken to drop on the fiber out of reagent bottle, covered observes the state change of fiber,
(1), such as fruit fiber is thicker, has elongated striped and the horizontal section of bamboo shape (see Fig. 1), can determine that as ramie；
(2), such as fruit fiber is thicker, has the horizontal section of bamboo shape (see Fig. 2), can determine that as flax；
(3) if, fibre diameter and morphological differences it is very big, it is horizontal section unobvious (see Fig. 3), can determine that as hemp；
(4), such as fruit fiber is glossy, but horizontal section unobvious (see Fig. 4), can determine that as bluish dogbane；
(5), such as fruit fiber has elongated striped, the horizontal section unobvious (see Fig. 5) of bamboo shape, can determine that as jute；
2nd, it is if other
It is placed in the fiber to be measured come is sorted out by observation on slide, and covered；Fibre to be measured will be carried
The slide of dimension is placed on the glass objective table of projection microscope, and under the conditions of 100~500 times of amplification, mobile slide makes fiber
It is projected on screen, observes the form of fiber, and further determines that；
Then take the hydrochloric acid to drop on the cotton fiber out of reagent bottle, covered observation fiber state change and
Dissolving situation；The concentrated nitric acid is finally instilled on fiber to be measured, observes the state change and dissolving situation of fiber.
(1) when, being tentatively judged as cotton fiber：
If it is in flat belt-like that the fiber under projection microscope, which indulges face form, slightly natural curvature (see Fig. 6), then judging should
Fiber is cotton.
If it is in approximate cylindric that the fiber under projection microscope, which indulges face form, glossy and crack (see Fig. 7), then judge
The fiber is mercerized cotton.
(2) when, being tentatively judged as animal origin：
If rough surface has scale (see Fig. 8), can determine that as wool.
If surface is smooth, scale is relatively thin and bag orange is more complete, and scale spacing is larger (see Fig. 9), can determine that as cashmere.
If scale is smaller longitudinally oblique with fiber, pulp cavity has single-row, biserial, multiple row (see Figure 10), can determine that for
The rabbit hair.
If scale is glossy, some has entire body or interruption pulp cavity (see Figure 11), can determine that as alpaca fibre.
If scale is larger glossy, diameter is thicker, and some has spot (see Figure 12), can determine that as mohair yarn.
(3) if, be tentatively judged as silk：
If glossy, fibre diameter and form are variant (see Figure 13), can determine that as mulberry silk.
If flat belt-like, there are fine streaks.(see Figure 14), it can determine that as tussah silk.
(4) if, be tentatively judged as regenerated celulose fibre：
If smooth surface, there is groove (see Figure 15), can determine that as Modal fibre.
If smooth surface, glossy (see Figure 16), can determine that as Lyocell fibers.
If smooth surface, there is clear striped (see Figure 21), can determine that as viscous fibre.
(5) if, be tentatively judged as chemical fibre：
If smooth surface, some has pore (see Figure 17), can determine that and is dissolved in the concentrated sulfuric acid for terylene, terylene.
If smooth surface, there is surface smooth, there is groove and (or) a striped (see Figure 18), instilling concentrated nitric acid, visible its is molten
Solution, can determine that as acrylic fibers.
If surface is smooth, there is pore (see Figure 19), instill its visible dissolving of hydrochloric acid, can determine that as nylon fibre.
If smooth surface, some carries scar (see Figure 20), can determine that and does not dissolve in the concentrated sulfuric acid for polypropylene fibre, polypropylene fibre.
Above-described embodiment, simply presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not used for limiting the scope of the present invention, therefore all with this
The equivalent change or modification that feature and principle described in invention claim are done, all should be included in scope of the invention as claimed
Within.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method that fast qualitative differentiates fiber, it is characterised in that including following preparation process：
A. hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid are prepared, is individually positioned in different reagent bottles；
B. appropriate fiber to be measured is taken to be placed on slide, and covered；
C. first the slide with fiber to be measured is placed on the glass objective table of projection microscope, amplifies 100~500 times of conditions
Under, mobile slide makes fiber be projected on screen, observes the form of fiber, and tentatively identify fiber；If it is observed that there are fiber crops
Fiber, then separately take a sample to instill glycerine and further determine that bast-fibre；
D. the hydrochloric acid is taken to drop on fiber to be measured out of reagent bottle, the state change and dissolving feelings of covered observation fiber
Condition；
E. the concentrated nitric acid is finally instilled on fiber to be measured, the state change and dissolving situation of fiber are observed, with microscopic method
Standard indulge face morphological feature contrast, qualitatively judge type of fibers.
2. the method that fast qualitative as claimed in claim 1 differentiates fiber, it is characterised in that the percent by volume of the hydrochloric acid is dense
Spend for 20%.
3. the method that fast qualitative as claimed in claim 1 differentiates fiber, it is characterised in that the percent by volume of the concentrated nitric acid
Concentration is 65%~68%.
4. the method that fast qualitative as claimed in claim 1 differentiates fiber, it is characterised in that before the step A, feel ocular estimate
And combustion method is tentatively judged.
5. fast qualitative differentiates the method for fiber as described in any one in claim 1-4, it is characterised in that the fibre to be measured
Tie up for animal wool fibre, regenerated celulose fibre, polyamide fibre, acrylic fibers, CUP, acetate fiber, cotton, kapok, bast-fibre,
Silk, polyester fiber or elastomer.
6. the method that fast qualitative as claimed in claim 5 differentiates fiber, it is characterised in that the animal wool fibre is sheep
Hair, cashmere, the rabbit hair or mohair yarn.
7. the method that fast qualitative as claimed in claim 5 differentiates fiber, it is characterised in that the regenerated celulose fibre is viscous
Fine, Modal or lyocell.
8. the method that fast qualitative as claimed in claim 5 differentiates fiber, it is characterised in that the elastomer is spandex, gathered
Olefin elastic fibers, elastodiene fibre.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410709676.8A CN104406981B (en) | 2014-11-28 | 2014-11-28 | A kind of method that fast qualitative differentiates fiber |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410709676.8A CN104406981B (en) | 2014-11-28 | 2014-11-28 | A kind of method that fast qualitative differentiates fiber |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104406981A CN104406981A (en) | 2015-03-11 |
| CN104406981B true CN104406981B (en) | 2018-03-09 |
Family
ID=52644628
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410709676.8A Active CN104406981B (en) | 2014-11-28 | 2014-11-28 | A kind of method that fast qualitative differentiates fiber |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104406981B (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105842384B (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2018-01-26 | 苏州市纤维检验所 | A kind of qualitative checking method of Ju Fang oxadiazole fibers |
| CN106018410A (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2016-10-12 | 太仓市鑫泰针织有限公司 | Method for identifying fiber variety of knitted fabrics |
| CN105970589A (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2016-09-28 | 太仓市鑫泰针织有限公司 | Simple identification method for cashmere knitted fabric |
| CN106226258B (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2018-10-19 | 四川大学 | A method of differentiating bamboo pulp fiber and common viscose fiber |
| CN107561078A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-01-09 | 北京和众视野科技有限公司 | Textile fiber detection method |
| CN109187370B (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2021-04-02 | 江苏恒神股份有限公司 | Carbon fiber color difference detection method |
| CN109142124B (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2020-12-08 | 必维申优质量技术服务江苏有限公司 | Improved qualitative and quantitative analysis method for modified polyacrylonitrile fiber |
| CN113447483B (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-07-12 | 山东东宏管业股份有限公司 | Method for testing fiber length in short fiber composite plastic |
| CN113533329A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-10-22 | 公安部物证鉴定中心 | Fiber comparison sheet for forensic science polarized light microscope test and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102103052A (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-06-22 | 北京市纺织纤维检验所 | Method for rapidly identifying fibers |
| CN102455336A (en) * | 2010-10-25 | 2012-05-16 | 福建省纤维检验局 | Method for qualitative identification of polyethylene hydrocarbon elastic fiber |
| CN102954963A (en) * | 2011-08-29 | 2013-03-06 | 天津纺织工程研究院有限公司 | Rex rabbit fur and leather qualitative determination and analysis method |
| CN102435721A (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2012-05-02 | 浙江中天纺检测有限公司 | Qualitative detection method for EKS fibers |
| CN103293110B (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2015-05-27 | 芜湖华烨新材料有限公司 | Method for identifying chemical fibers |
-
2014
- 2014-11-28 CN CN201410709676.8A patent/CN104406981B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104406981A (en) | 2015-03-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104406981B (en) | A kind of method that fast qualitative differentiates fiber | |
| ES2668695T3 (en) | Cellulosic fiber | |
| KR101906325B1 (en) | Sheath-core bicomponent fibre | |
| De Castro et al. | Drip bloodstain appearance on inclined apparel fabrics: Effect of prior-laundering, fibre content and fabric structure | |
| BR102018014995A2 (en) | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A Yarn HAVING THE APPEARANCE AND FEELING OF NATURAL FIBER, YARN, FABRIC AND CLOTHING PART | |
| CN101650352B (en) | Method for testing bi-component fabric component | |
| NO310779B1 (en) | Process for making cellulosic fibers | |
| CN102493053A (en) | Cationic polyster-cotton fiber blended yarn | |
| CN104122162A (en) | Quantitative determination method for fiber content of viloft fiber and acrylic fiber or spandex blended textiles | |
| CN103806116B (en) | Viscose staple fiber spinning after-treatment method | |
| CN106222824A (en) | A kind of triacetate, terylene, Modal mixed yarn and production technology thereof | |
| Jeyaraj et al. | A study on the functional properties of silk and polyester/lyocell mixed fabric | |
| CN103018176B (en) | Detecting method for ensuring dyeing uniformity of viscose filament yarn | |
| CN101974815A (en) | Acrylic fiber and wool blended yarn | |
| Dirgar | The performance properties of the fabrics produced from cupro and some other regenerated cellulose fibers | |
| CN105040212B (en) | Outlast temperature-regulating fibers mixed yarn and its production method | |
| Shahid et al. | Comparative study of ring and compact yarn-based knitted fabric | |
| CN110565202A (en) | Color-containing wool/polypropylene composite fiber and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105133279A (en) | Detection method for fabric barre | |
| US5482776A (en) | Viscose rayon fiber having superior appearance | |
| CN109371519A (en) | A kind of non-twist Gao Danyang washs the production technology of mixed fiber yarn | |
| JP6480753B2 (en) | Core-sheath type composite fiber, fiber structure using the same, and method for producing spun yarn using core-sheath type composite fiber | |
| JP2013174033A (en) | Anti-pill acrylic fiber having v-shaped cross section and method for producing the same | |
| JP6115777B2 (en) | Method for producing acetate blended yarn | |
| CN106498606A (en) | A kind of Vinyon N blended yarn weaved fabric and its manufacturing process |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20180703 Address after: 510000 Chuang Kai road 63, stone tower, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 1 building 210-16 Patentee after: Guangzhou quasi Shang TT & C Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 523000 H District, 278 Shiyang street, Dongcheng District, Dongguan, Guangdong. Patentee before: DONGGUAN FENGTAI DETECTION INSTRUMENT CO., LTD. |
|
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20191021 Address after: 523000 room 508, building 1, No. 5, Jinying Second Street, Houjie Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province Patentee after: Fineetex Co.,Ltd. Address before: 510000 Chuang Kai road 63, stone tower, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 1 building 210-16 Patentee before: Guangzhou quasi Shang TT & C Technology Co., Ltd. |
|
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20210329 Address after: 22nd floor, Fumin clothing business center, 305 Humen Avenue, Humen Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province 523900 Patentee after: CNTAC DONGGUAN INSPECTION TECHNOLOGY SERVICE Co.,Ltd. Address before: 523000 room 508, building 1, No.5, Jinying 2nd Street, Houjie Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province Patentee before: Fineetex (DongGuan) Co.,Ltd. |
|
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |