CN104398636A - 一种治疗支气管炎合并哮喘的中药制剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗支气管炎合并哮喘的中药制剂及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗支气管炎合并哮喘的中药制剂,其特征在于,由下列原料药制备而成,均为重量份:陈皮6-15;前胡5-10;瓦楞子9-12;甘草10-15;白僵蚕6-9;蚌兰花5-10;炙麻黄8-12;藕节6-15;没食子5-10。本发明的优良效果还表现在:本组方对因脾肾阳虚、外邪侵犯而致支气管炎、哮喘病有显著疗效;本组方在清肺化痰、止咳平喘的同时,加强了益气补肾、疏肝活血之功,所选材料皆为传统中药材料,无任何毒副作用;药源易得,药材成本低廉,能够减轻患者负担。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中医中药领域,特别是涉及一种治疗支气管炎合并哮喘的中药制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
支气管炎、哮喘等疾病,在我国属常见病,高发病,故止咳、平喘、祛痰药物应用较多。本病一年四季均可发生,尤以冬春季节更为多见。其发病慢,病程长,早期对健康及工作影响不大,因而易被人们忽视, 如不积极治疗其进一步发展可导致肺气肿,肺性脑病,直接危害到人类健康。
支气管炎和哮喘属于中医学“咳嗽”、“痰饮”、“喘证”的范畴。《黄帝内经》对咳嗽的论述颇详。如《素问·宣明篇》曰:“五气所病...肺为咳”、“皮毛者肺之合也,皮毛先受邪气,邪气以从其合也”、正如《素问·咳论篇》日:“五脏六腑皆令人咳,非独肺也”。现代医家认为,无论气管炎或哮喘的发作期或缓解期都是虚实夹杂,本虚标实之证。徐孝平认为痰浊壅阻,肺气失宣,经久不愈发展为肺脉闭塞,气滞血瘀,或气虚血瘀,脉络受损,或痰瘀互结,病深至痼。王慧琴等认为饮食劳倦,损伤脾胃,脾土不能生肺金,肺金不能生肾水,肺金消而肺气虚,肾水涸肾亦虚,发为咳喘;脾主运化,脾伤则运化失职,水湿内停,生痰化饮,上壅于肺,肺失清肃宣发,发为喘肿。所以,对于本病的治疗中医采取辩证论治。
公开号CN 104147195 A(申请号201410436484.4)的中国发明专利公开了一种治疗支气管炎的中药,它由下述重量配比的原料制成:陈皮12-20、甘草5-9、人参10-20、神曲20-30、麻黄8-14、金银花8-15、枇杷叶12-18、款冬花5-12、旋复花5-12、杏仁8-14、细辛4-9。公开号CN 103768552 A申请号201210416382.7)的中国发明专利公开了一种治疗哮喘的药物,由以下重量的原料药制成:杏仁15-25 克,五味子10-22 克,板蓝根5-15,生姜5-15 克,麻黄6-10 克,细辛6-12 克,紫苑6-12 克,冬花6-12 克,半夏6-12 克,天南星4-8 克,甘草2-5 克,公开号CN 104147567 A(申请号201410402328.6)的中国发明专利公开了一种治疗慢性支气管炎和哮喘的中药复方胶囊及其制备方法,它是由以下重量份的原料药物制成的胶囊:麻黄15-30、干姜10-20、细辛5-10、五味子10-20、枇杷叶5-15、川贝4-8、甘草5-15。
目前关于支气管炎和哮喘的治疗,西药通常使用抗生素,治标不治本,对人体的副作用大,复发率高。药效的延续时间短。反复使用又容易产生耐药性,轻者损伤脾胃,重者导致肝肾损伤,后患无穷。临床上也有病人中西药兼服,但仍存在服用量较大和效果相对差的弊端。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种制备简单、服用方便、便于携带的一种治疗支气管炎合并哮喘的中药制剂及其制备方法。该中药制剂疗效确切且无毒副作用。
本发明的技术方案是:
一种治疗支气管炎合并哮喘的中药制剂,其特征在于,由下列原料药制备而成,均为重量份:陈皮6-15;前胡5-10;瓦楞子9-12;甘草10-15;白僵蚕6-9;蚌兰花5-10;炙麻黄8-12;藕节6-15;没食子5-10。
优选的方案中,陈皮9-12;前胡6-9;瓦楞子10-11;甘草12-13;白僵蚕7-8;蚌兰花7-8;炙麻黄9-11;藕节9-12;没食子6-9。
更加优选的,陈皮10.5;前胡7.5;瓦楞子10.5;甘草12.5;白僵蚕7.5;蚌兰花7.5;炙麻黄10;藕节10.5;没食子7.5。
一种治疗支气管炎合并哮喘的中药制剂,所述汤剂的制备方法是:
(1)取陈皮加盐、姜汁、醋浸泡15-35分钟(优选的,浸泡25分钟),入锅蒸至有香味时,停火,焖10-20小时(优选的,焖15小时),待颜色转黑后晾干;将炼蜜加开水稀释,加入前胡片拌匀,焖透,然后置于锅内,文火炒至不粘手时,取出,放凉;
(2)取净瓦楞子置适宜容器内,于无烟的炉火中,煅至酥脆,取出,倒入15%的盐水内淬均匀;甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用45-60℃的纯净水浸泡(优选的,用53℃的纯净水浸泡)至八成透时,捞出,润透切片,晾干,备用;白僵蚕先用糯米泔浸泡,待蚕桑涎出如蜗牛涎浮于水面上,然后漉出,微火焙干,研末;
(3)将步骤(1)处理后的陈皮和前胡同步骤(2)处理后的瓦楞子置于粉碎机中粉碎;与步骤(2)所得白僵蚕粉混合均匀,过筛,得混合细粉;
(4)将步骤(2)中所得甘草片与蚌兰花、炙麻黄、藕节和没食子一同置于砂锅内,煎煮两次,第一次向向砂锅中加入7-9倍量的纯净水(优选的,加入8倍量的纯净水),煎煮3-5小时(优选的,煎煮4小时),过滤,得第一次滤液;再向砂锅中加入4-6倍量的纯净水(优选的,加入5倍量的纯净水),加热煎煮2-3小时(优选的,加热煎煮2.5小时),过滤,得第二次滤液;
(5)步骤(4)中所得两次滤液合并,浓缩至原来体积的1/2,趁热加入步骤(3)所得混合细粉,搅拌均匀,高温灭菌,灌装,即得。
一种治疗支气管炎合并哮喘的中药汤剂的制备方法,优选的方案是,步骤(2)中白僵蚕先用糯米泔浸泡12-24小时(优选的白僵蚕先用糯米泔浸泡14-20小时,更加优选的白僵蚕先用糯米泔浸泡17小时)。
一种治疗支气管炎合并哮喘的中药汤剂的制备方法,优选的方案是,步骤(3)中过120-180目筛(优选的过140-160目筛,更加优选的过160目筛)。
所述丸剂的制备方法是:
(1)取陈皮加盐、姜汁、醋浸泡15-35分钟,入锅蒸至有香味时,停火,焖10-20小时,待颜色转黑后晾干;将炼蜜加开水稀释,加入前胡片拌匀,焖透,然后置于锅内,文火炒至不粘手时,取出,放凉;
(2)取净瓦楞子置适宜容器内,于无烟的炉火中,煅至酥脆,取出,倒入15%的盐水内淬均匀;甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用45-60℃的纯净水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透切片,晾干,备用;白僵蚕先用糯米泔浸泡,待蚕桑涎出如蜗牛涎浮于水面上,然后漉出,微火焙干,研末;
(3)将步骤(1)处理后的陈皮和前胡同步骤(2)处理后的瓦楞子置于粉碎机中粉碎;与步骤(2)所得白僵蚕粉混合均匀,得混合细粉,置于通透袋中;
(4)将步骤(2)中所得甘草片与蚌兰花、炙麻黄、藕节和没食子一同置于砂锅内,加10-15倍量的纯净水浸泡45-65分钟,然后加入步骤(3)中通透袋置于砂锅中一起煎煮,共煎煮两次,每次分别添加3-5倍量的纯净水,第一次煎煮40-60分钟,第二次煎煮30-50分钟,过滤,合并两次煎液;
(5)将上述煎液减压浓缩成密度为1.29-1.33(85℃)的稠膏,以蜜泛丸,如梧桐子大,即得。
所述片剂的制备方法是:
(1)取陈皮加盐、姜汁、醋浸泡15-35分钟,入锅蒸至有香味时,停火,焖10-20小时,待颜色转黑后晾干;将炼蜜加开水稀释,加入前胡片拌匀,焖透,然后置于锅内,文火炒至不粘手时,取出,放凉;
(2)取净瓦楞子置适宜容器内,于无烟的炉火中,煅至酥脆,取出,倒入15%的盐水内淬均匀;甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用45-60℃的纯净水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透切片,晾干,备用;白僵蚕先用糯米泔浸泡,待蚕桑涎出如蜗牛涎浮于水面上,然后漉出,微火焙干,研末;
(3)将步骤(1)处理后的陈皮和前胡同步骤(2)处理后的瓦楞子置于粉碎机中粉碎;与步骤(2)所得白僵蚕粉混合均匀,过筛,得混合细粉;
(4)将步骤(2)中所得甘草片与蚌兰花、炙麻黄、藕节和没食子一同置于砂锅内,加乙醇温浸25-35分钟后,加热回流提取二次,第一次2-3 小时,第二次0.5-1小时,每次乙醇的加入量均为药材的4-6倍,合并醇提液,减压回收乙醇, 浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.30-1.35的稠膏;
(5)向上述稠膏中加入蔗糖、淀粉和滑石粉(稠膏:蔗糖:淀粉:滑石粉质量比为1:2:2:0.01),按照片剂的加工方法制成片剂,即得。
一种治疗支气管炎合并哮喘的中药片剂的制备方法,优选的方案是,步骤(4)中所加乙醇的质量浓度为55%-95%(优选的所加乙醇的质量浓度为65%-85%,更加优选的所加乙醇的质量浓度为75%)。
所述颗粒剂的制备方法是:
(1)取陈皮加盐、姜汁、醋浸泡15-35分钟,入锅蒸至有香味时,停火,焖10-20小时,待颜色转黑后晾干;将炼蜜加开水稀释,加入前胡片拌匀,焖透,然后置于锅内,文火炒至不粘手时,取出,放凉;
(2)取净瓦楞子置适宜容器内,于无烟的炉火中,煅至酥脆,取出,倒入15%的盐水内淬均匀;甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用45-60℃的纯净水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透切片,晾干,备用;白僵蚕先用糯米泔浸泡,待蚕桑涎出如蜗牛涎浮于水面上,然后漉出,微火焙干,研末;
(3)将步骤(1)处理后的陈皮和前胡同步骤(2)处理后的瓦楞子置于粉碎机中粉碎;与步骤(2)所得白僵蚕粉混合均匀,过筛,得混合细粉;
(4)将步骤(2)中所得甘草片与蚌兰花、炙麻黄、藕节和没食子一同置于砂锅内,加质量浓度为65%的乙醇温浸25-35分钟后,加热回流提取二次,第一次2-3 小时,第二次0.5-1小时,每次乙醇的加入量均为药材的4-6倍,合并醇提液,减压回收乙醇, 浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.30-1.35的稠膏;
(5)上述稠膏经喷雾干燥,制成干浸膏粉,加入乳糖(乳糖与浸膏粉的质量比为1:4),混匀,制成颗粒,灭菌,分装(15g/袋),即得。
本发明提供的中药制剂组方科学,各种剂型的制备方法简单,所得产品服用方便、便于携带。除此之外,本发明的优良效果还表现在:
1、本发明基于祖国医学对支气管炎、哮喘病的发病机理的认识,从祖国医学宝库中筛选出益气补肾、清肺化痰、止咳平喘的天然药物组方而成;
2、本组方对因脾肾阳虚、外邪侵犯而致支气管炎、哮喘病有显著疗效;
3、本组方在清肺化痰、止咳平喘的同时,加强了益气补肾、疏肝活血之功,所选材料皆为传统中药材料,无任何毒副作用;
4、药源易得,药材成本低廉,能够减轻患者负担。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和实验例详细说明本发明的技术方案,但保护范围不限于此。
本发明所用主要中药原料的药理如下:
蚌兰花:基原:为鸭跖草科植物紫万年青的带有苞片的花序。性状:干燥的花序,全体似舟状或摺扇状,高约2厘米,横长5~6厘米。气微香、味淡。化学成分:花含黄酮甙、有机酸。性味:甘,凉。功能:清肺化痰,凉血,止痢,主治肺热燥咳,吐血,衄血,血痢,便血。
麻黄:基原:为麻黄科植物草麻黄、木贼麻黄或中麻黄的草质茎。化学成份:草麻黄茎含生物碱1~2%,其中40~90%为麻黄碱,其次为伪麻黄碱及微量的l-N-甲基麻黄碱、d-N-甲基伪麻黄碱、l-去甲基麻黄碱、d-去甲基伪麻黄碱、麻黄次碱;又含儿茶鞣质6%和挥发油,挥发油中含有l-α-松油醇。性味:辛苦,温。归经:入肺、膀胱经。主治伤寒表实,发热恶寒无汗、头痛鼻塞、骨节疼痛;咳嗽气喘;风水浮肿,小便不利;风邪顽痹,皮肤不仁,风疹瘙痒。炙麻黄:把麻黄除去杂质及残根,抖净灰屑,切段,取炼蜜用适量开水稀释后,淋入麻黄段中拌匀,闷透,待蜜被吸尽后,置锅内用文火炒至深黄色,不粘手,即可取岀放凉。麻黄用蜂蜜拌炒后,辛散作用减弱,发汗解表利水的功效减低,但宣肺平喘的作用增强,多用于肺气壅遏所致的咳喘证。
没食子:基原:为没食子蜂科昆虫没食子蜂的幼虫,寄生于壳斗科植物没食子树幼枝上所产生的虫瘿。化学成份:含没食子鞣质50~70%,没食子酸2~4%及并没食子酸、树脂等。性味:苦,温。归经:入肺、脾、肾经。功能主治:固气,涩精,敛肺,止血。治大肠虚滑,泻痢不止,便血,遗精,阴汗,咳嗽,咯血,齿痛,创伤出血,疮疡久不收口。
藕节:基原:为睡莲科植物莲的根茎的节部。化学成份:藕节含鞣质、天门冬素。性味:甘涩,平。归经:《本草撮要》:"入手少阴,足阳明、厥阴经。" 功能主治:止血,散瘀。治咳血,吐血,衄血,尿血,便血,血痢,血崩。
前胡:基原:为伞形科植物白花前胡或紫花前胡的根。化学成份:紫花前胡根含呋哺香豆精类:前胡甙约1.61%。还含海绵甾醇、甘露醇、挥发油。挥发油的主成分为爱草脑及柠檬烯。白花前胡根含白花前胡甲素、乙素、丙素、丁素。药理作用:用麻醉猫收集气管粘液分泌的方法证明口服紫花前胡煎剂1克/公斤,能显着增加呼吸道粘液的分泌,故具祛痰作用。用1%碘液1~1.5毫升注入猫的肋膜腔引起咳嗽,服煎剂0.8~2克/公斤,并无明显止咳作用。性味:苦辛,凉。归经:入肺、脾经。功能主治:宣散风热,下气,消痰。治风热头痛,痰热咳喘,呕逆,胸膈满闷。
陈皮:为芸香科植物橘及其栽培变种的干燥成熟果皮。性味:味苦、辛,性温。归经:归肺、脾经。功效:理气健脾,燥湿化痰。主治:用于脘腹胀满,食少吐泻,咳嗽痰多。
甘草:基原: 本品为豆科植物甘草、胀果甘草或光果甘草的干燥报及根茎。性味: 甘,平。归经: 归心。肺、脾、胃经。功效:补脾益气,清热解毒,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和诸药。主治: 用于脾胃虚弱,倦怠乏力,心悸气短,咳嗽痰多,院腹、四肢挛急疼痛,痈肿疮毒,缓解药物毒性、烈性。
白僵蚕:又名僵蚕、天虫、白僵虫,为蚕蛾科蚕属动物家蚕蛾的幼虫感染白僵菌而僵死的全虫。药性:本品略呈圆柱形,多弯曲皱缩,表面灰黄色,质硬而脆,易折断,味辛、咸,性平。成分:白僵蚕含蛋白质、草氨酸,并含赖氨酸,亮氨酸,天冬氨酸等17种氨基酸。根据现代药理研究发现,该药具有祛风止痉、化痰散结、解毒利咽、抗惊厥、降血糖的功效,用于中风,偏正头痛,咽喉肿痛,风疹等。
瓦楞子:又名蚶壳、瓦屋子、血蛤皮、瓦垄蛤皮,为蚶科蚶属动物毛蚶、魁蚶及泥蚶属动物泥蚶的贝壳。药性:质坚,味甘、咸,性平。成分:主要成分为碳酸钙,还含有少量磷酸钙及镁、铁、硅酸盐。根据现代药理研究发现,该药具有消痰化瘀、软坚散结、制酸止痛的功效,用于顽痰久咳,胃痛吐酸,外伤出血,胃及十二指肠溃疡。
实施例1 一种治疗支气管炎合并哮喘的中药制剂,由下列原料药制备而成,均为重量份(350g/份):陈皮6份;前胡5份;瓦楞子9份;甘草10份;白僵蚕6份;蚌兰花5份;炙麻黄8份;藕节6份;没食子5份。
上述一种治疗支气管炎合并哮喘的中药汤剂的制备方法是:
(1)取陈皮加盐、姜汁、醋浸泡15分钟,入锅蒸至有香味时,停火,焖10小时,待颜色转黑后晾干;将炼蜜加开水稀释,加入前胡片拌匀,焖透,然后置于锅内,文火炒至不粘手时,取出,放凉;
(2)取净瓦楞子置适宜容器内,于无烟的炉火中,煅至酥脆,取出,倒入15%的盐水内淬均匀;甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用45℃的纯净水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透切片,晾干,备用;白僵蚕先用糯米泔浸泡12小时,待蚕桑涎出如蜗牛涎浮于水面上,然后漉出,微火焙干,研末;
(3)将步骤(1)处理后的陈皮和前胡同步骤(2)处理后的瓦楞子置于粉碎机中粉碎;与步骤(2)所得白僵蚕粉混合均匀,过120目筛,得混合细粉;
(4)将步骤(2)中所得甘草片与蚌兰花、炙麻黄、藕节和没食子一同置于砂锅内,煎煮两次,第一次向向砂锅中加入7倍量的纯净水,煎煮3小时,过滤,得第一次滤液;再向砂锅中加入4倍量的纯净水,加热煎煮2小时,过滤,得第二次滤液;
(5)步骤(4)中所得两次滤液合并,浓缩至原来体积的1/2,趁热加入步骤(3)所得混合细粉,搅拌均匀,高温灭菌,灌装,即得。
本发明汤剂的服用方法是:每天一次,每次200-300mL,7天一个疗程。
典型病例:XXX,男性,53岁,患者自述:间断咳嗽、咳痰伴喘息近5年,加重2周。5年前患者受凉后出现咳嗽、咳痰伴喘息,痰量中等且粘稠,自服抗炎及止咳药后缓解。 此后5年间断出现上述症状,多于冬季气候交替时出现,咳嗽以晨起和夜间明显,咳嗽时伴有排痰,多为白色粘痰,时有痰量增多、痰液变稠或呈黄色,常迁延1个月以上,经治疗或自然缓解后偶有轻微咳嗽和少量痰液,每年发作3-4个月左右。 2年前患者再次发作时曾于一所三级医院行X片检查,明确诊断为“慢性支气管炎急性发作”,经治疗后缓解。2011年9月患者受凉后流涕、咽痛,而后转为咳嗽、咳痰伴喘息,痰量多,痰粘稠不易咳出,自服急支糖浆、甘草片等未见缓解反而逐渐加重,尤其夜间明显以至影响睡眠。经朋友介绍来我处诊治。 自发病以来食欲差,进食少 烦躁,吸烟史30余年,每日吸烟量20支左右。 检查:BP120/70MMHG,HR90次/分,P:18次/分,精神差,进食少,烦躁,双肺呼吸音粗,双肺可闻及少量散在细小湿罗音及哮鸣音。辅助检查:血常规WBC12000/MM3,中性粒细胞分类 78%。 X片:双下肺纹理增粗、紊乱。
服用本实施例所得一种治疗支气管炎合并哮喘的中药汤剂,服用一个疗程后,患者咳嗽、咳痰减轻,继续服用两个疗程,检查发现患者胸片正常,痊愈。患者至今再没有服用过其他药物,支气管炎没再复发。
实施例2 一种治疗支气管炎合并哮喘的中药制剂,由下列原料药制备而成,均为重量份(150g/份):陈皮15份;前胡10份;瓦楞子12份;甘草15份;白僵蚕9份;蚌兰花10份;炙麻黄12份;藕节15份;没食子10份。
上述一种治疗支气管炎合并哮喘的中药丸剂的制备方法是:
(1)取陈皮加盐、姜汁、醋浸泡25分钟,入锅蒸至有香味时,停火,焖15小时,待颜色转黑后晾干;将炼蜜加开水稀释,加入前胡片拌匀,焖透,然后置于锅内,文火炒至不粘手时,取出,放凉;
(2)取净瓦楞子置适宜容器内,于无烟的炉火中,煅至酥脆,取出,倒入15%的盐水内淬均匀;甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用53℃的纯净水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透切片,晾干,备用;白僵蚕先用糯米泔浸泡,待蚕桑涎出如蜗牛涎浮于水面上,然后漉出,微火焙干,研末;
(3)将步骤(1)处理后的陈皮和前胡同步骤(2)处理后的瓦楞子置于粉碎机中粉碎;与步骤(2)所得白僵蚕粉混合均匀,得混合细粉,置于通透袋中;
(4)将步骤(2)中所得甘草片与蚌兰花、炙麻黄、藕节和没食子一同置于砂锅内,加12倍量的纯净水浸泡55分钟,然后加入步骤(3)中通透袋置于砂锅中一起煎煮,共煎煮两次,每次分别添加4倍量的纯净水,第一次煎煮50分钟,第二次煎煮40分钟,过滤,合并两次煎液;
(5)将上述煎液减压浓缩成密度为1.29-1.33(85℃)的稠膏,以蜜泛丸,如梧桐子大,即得。
本发明所得丸剂的服用方法是:每天三次,每次5-7丸,7天一个疗程。
典型病例:XXX,女,农民,62岁,患者自述:咳嗽、气喘10余年。每逢季节交替时,病症发作。最后发展到一年四季经常发作,发作时,咳嗽剧烈,气喘声厚重,常年靠吃西药维持,服药后咳嗽、气喘缓解,但不久又复发。2010年1月来我处诊治,就诊时患者呼吸急促困难,喘息抬肩,口唇发紫,两鼻甲肥大、充血,咽喉部充血。诊断为:慢性支气管炎、支气管哮喘。
服用本实施例所得一种治疗支气管炎合并哮喘的中药丸剂,服用两个疗程后,患者气喘缓解,咳嗽咳痰减轻,继续服用两个疗程,患者症状解除。随访三年未见复发。
实施例3 一种治疗支气管炎合并哮喘的中药制剂,由下列原料药制备而成,均为重量份(300g/份):陈皮9份;前胡6份;瓦楞子10份;甘草12份;白僵蚕7份;蚌兰花7份;炙麻黄9份;藕节9份;没食子6份。
上述一种治疗支气管炎合并哮喘的中药片剂的制备方法是:
(1)取陈皮加盐、姜汁、醋浸泡25分钟,入锅蒸至有香味时,停火,焖15小时,待颜色转黑后晾干;将炼蜜加开水稀释,加入前胡片拌匀,焖透,然后置于锅内,文火炒至不粘手时,取出,放凉;
(2)取净瓦楞子置适宜容器内,于无烟的炉火中,煅至酥脆,取出,倒入15%的盐水内淬均匀;甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用53℃的纯净水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透切片,晾干,备用;白僵蚕先用糯米泔浸泡,待蚕桑涎出如蜗牛涎浮于水面上,然后漉出,微火焙干,研末;
(3)将步骤(1)处理后的陈皮和前胡同步骤(2)处理后的瓦楞子置于粉碎机中粉碎;与步骤(2)所得白僵蚕粉混合均匀,过筛,得混合细粉;
(4)将步骤(2)中所得甘草片与蚌兰花、炙麻黄、藕节和没食子一同置于砂锅内,加质量浓度为75%的乙醇温浸30分钟后,加热回流提取二次,第一次2.5 小时,第二次0.8小时,每次乙醇的加入量均为药材的5倍,合并醇提液,减压回收乙醇, 浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.30-1.35的稠膏;
(5)向上述稠膏中加入蔗糖、淀粉和滑石粉(稠膏:蔗糖:淀粉:滑石粉质量比为1:2:2:0.01),按照片剂的加工方法制成片剂,即得。
本发明片剂的服用方法是:每天三次,每次3-4片,7天一个疗程。
典型病例:XXX,男,45岁,郑州人。患者有哮喘及慢性支气管炎8年,反复发作4 年,胸闷、喘息、咳嗽常年不断。最近又有急性呼吸道感染使症状加剧,经二周抗生素治疗后黄痰已减少,但痰粘绸,难以咳出。2012年3月来我处诊治,检查:两鼻甲肥大、充血,两肺哮鸣音伴有干湿罗音,舌红绛无苔,脉滑数。诊断为慢性支气管炎合并哮喘。
服用本实施例所得一种治疗支气管炎合并哮喘的中药片剂,服用两个疗程后,患者咳嗽、咳痰、气促明显减轻,纳量增,精神可。又服用一个疗程药物,患者病灶部位明显改善及趋于正常。继服一个疗程加以巩固,患者服用时未出现任何不适,患者自感痊愈。至今无复发。
实施例4 一种治疗支气管炎合并哮喘的中药制剂,由下列原料药制备而成,均为重量份(200g/份):陈皮12份;前胡9份;瓦楞子11份;甘草13份;白僵蚕8;蚌兰花8份;炙麻黄11份;藕节12份;没食子9份。
上述一种治疗支气管炎合并哮喘的中药颗粒剂的制备方法是:
(1)取陈皮加盐、姜汁、醋浸泡25分钟,入锅蒸至有香味时,停火,焖15小时,待颜色转黑后晾干;将炼蜜加开水稀释,加入前胡片拌匀,焖透,然后置于锅内,文火炒至不粘手时,取出,放凉;
(2)取净瓦楞子置适宜容器内,于无烟的炉火中,煅至酥脆,取出,倒入15%的盐水内淬均匀;甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用53℃的纯净水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透切片,晾干,备用;白僵蚕先用糯米泔浸泡,待蚕桑涎出如蜗牛涎浮于水面上,然后漉出,微火焙干,研末;
(3)将步骤(1)处理后的陈皮和前胡同步骤(2)处理后的瓦楞子置于粉碎机中粉碎;与步骤(2)所得白僵蚕粉混合均匀,过筛,得混合细粉;
(4)将步骤(2)中所得甘草片与蚌兰花、炙麻黄、藕节和没食子一同置于砂锅内,加质量浓度为65%的乙醇温浸30分钟后,加热回流提取二次,第一次2.5 小时,第二次0.8小时,每次乙醇的加入量均为药材的5倍,合并醇提液,减压回收乙醇, 浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.30-1.35的稠膏;
(5)上述稠膏经喷雾干燥,制成干浸膏粉,加入乳糖(乳糖与浸膏粉的质量比为1:4),混匀,制成颗粒,灭菌,分装(15g/袋),即得。
本发明颗粒剂的服用方法是:每天三次,每次1-2袋,温开水冲服,7天一个疗程。
典型病例:XXX,女,7岁,枣庄人。其母代述:2011年10月,在一次感冒过后,患儿出现持续性的咳嗽、打喷嚏症状,几天后,咳嗽加重,出现呼吸困难、喘憋、面色苍白等症状。在当地某医院治疗一段时间,症状虽有控制,但仍间歇性发作。后来经朋友介绍来我处诊治,检查:患儿咳嗽,咳出白色粘液样痰,烦躁不安、紫绀、面色苍白、出冷汗。查体发现三凹征、心率加快、双肺有哮鸣音。
服用本实施例所得一种治疗支气管炎合并哮喘的中药颗粒剂,服用一个疗程后,患儿咳嗽,咯痰减轻,纳量增,精神可。继续服用一个疗程,患儿咳嗽消失,双肺正常。随访至今无复发。
实施例5 一种治疗支气管炎合并哮喘的中药制剂,由下列原料药制备而成,均为重量份(250g/份):陈皮10.5份;前胡7.5份;瓦楞子10.5份;甘草12.5份;白僵蚕7.5份;蚌兰花7.5份;炙麻黄10份;藕节10.5份;没食子7.5份。
上述一种治疗支气管炎合并哮喘的中药汤剂的制备方法是:
(1)取陈皮加盐、姜汁、醋浸泡25分钟,入锅蒸至有香味时,停火,焖15小时,待颜色转黑后晾干;将炼蜜加开水稀释,加入前胡片拌匀,焖透,然后置于锅内,文火炒至不粘手时,取出,放凉;
(2)取净瓦楞子置适宜容器内,于无烟的炉火中,煅至酥脆,取出,倒入15%的盐水内淬均匀;甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用53℃的纯净水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透切片,晾干,备用;白僵蚕先用糯米泔浸泡17小时,待蚕桑涎出如蜗牛涎浮于水面上,然后漉出,微火焙干,研末;
(3)将步骤(1)处理后的陈皮和前胡同步骤(2)处理后的瓦楞子置于粉碎机中粉碎;与步骤(2)所得白僵蚕粉混合均匀,过160目筛,得混合细粉;
(4)将步骤(2)中所得甘草片与蚌兰花、炙麻黄、藕节和没食子一同置于砂锅内,煎煮两次,第一次向向砂锅中加入8倍量的纯净水,煎煮4小时,过滤,得第一次滤液;再向砂锅中加入5倍量的纯净水,加热煎煮2.5小时,过滤,得第二次滤液;
(5)步骤(4)中所得两次滤液合并,浓缩至原来体积的1/2,趁热加入步骤(3)所得混合细粉,搅拌均匀,高温灭菌,灌装,即得。
本发明汤剂的服用方法是:每天一次,每次200-300mL,7天一个疗程。
试验例1 实施例5所得一种治疗支气管炎合并哮喘的中药汤剂的临床应用:2010年6月-2013年12月,在4所医院筛选256例患有支气管炎或哮喘的患者(排除近期使用中药治疗过的患者和既往有心肝肾疾病、糖尿病、甲状腺疾病、血液病患者)。其中男性患者136例,女性患者120例;年龄最大的76岁,年龄最小的19岁,平均年龄52.4±3.6岁。所有患者随机分成两组,实验组和对照组。两组资料对照无显著性差异(P >0.05), 具有可比性。其中实验组服用本实施例5所得一种治疗支气管炎合并哮喘的中药汤剂,服用方法:每天一次,每次200-300mL,7天一个疗程。对照组服用其它药品(如盐酸妥洛特罗片、急支糖浆、海珠喘息定片等常规药品)。共观察治疗三个疗程。疗效评定标准:痊愈:支气管炎和哮喘症状完全消失,肺部无哮鸣音;显效:哮喘发作较治疗前明显减轻,肺部无哮鸣音或哮鸣音明显减少;好转:哮喘症状有不同程度减轻;无效:临床症状无改善或反而加重。。总有效率=(治愈例数+ 显效例数+ 好转例数)∕总观察病例数×100%。治疗结果如表1所示:
表1:服用实施例5产品19-76岁患者治疗结果
治疗效果:治愈118例(75.6%), 显效20例(12.8%),好转17例(11%)无效1例(0.6%),总有效率99.4%。效果明显优于对照组。
方中麻黄含有中40-90%为麻黄碱,主治伤寒表实,发热恶寒无汗,头痛鼻塞,骨节疼痛,咳嗽气喘;没食子入肺、脾、肾经,凉血止血、补肾益阴;藕节止血,散瘀;前胡宣散风热,下气,消痰;陈皮具有理气健脾,燥湿化痰的功效;白僵蚕具有祛风止痉、化痰散结、解毒利咽的功效;瓦楞子有消痰化瘀、软坚散结、制酸止痛的功效,多用于治疗顽痰久咳;甘草调和诸药。9味中草药巧妙组方,科学配伍,药物相互协调,共奏清热化痰、止咳平喘之特效。实验组中服用三个疗程,有效率可达99.4%,而对照组仅为78%。
应当指出的是,具体实施方式只是本发明比较有代表性的例子,显然本发明的技术方案不限于上述实施例,还可以有很多变形。本领域的普通技术人员,以本发明所明确公开的或根据文件的书面描述毫无异议的得到的,均应认为是本专利所要保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种治疗支气管炎合并哮喘的中药制剂,其特征在于,由下列原料药制备而成,均为重量份:陈皮6-15;前胡5-10;瓦楞子9-12;甘草10-15;白僵蚕6-9;蚌兰花5-10;炙麻黄8-12;藕节6-15;没食子5-10。
2.如权利要求1所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,由下列原料药制备而成,均为重量份:陈皮9-12;前胡6-9;瓦楞子10-11;甘草12-13;白僵蚕7-8;蚌兰花7-8;炙麻黄9-11;藕节9-12;没食子6-9。
3.如权利要求1所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,由下列原料药制备而成,均为重量份:陈皮10.5;前胡7.5;瓦楞子10.5;甘草12.5;白僵蚕7.5;蚌兰花7.5;炙麻黄10;藕节10.5;没食子7.5。
4.如权利要求1-3任一所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,将其制成药学上可接受的汤剂,其制备方法是:
(1)取陈皮加盐、姜汁、醋浸泡15-35分钟(优选的,浸泡25分钟),入锅蒸至有香味时,停火,焖10-20小时(优选的,焖15小时),待颜色转黑后晾干;将炼蜜加开水稀释,加入前胡片拌匀,焖透,然后置于锅内,文火炒至不粘手时,取出,放凉;
(2)取净瓦楞子置适宜容器内,于无烟的炉火中,煅至酥脆,取出,倒入15%的盐水内淬均匀;甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用45-60℃的纯净水浸泡(优选的,用53℃的纯净水浸泡)至八成透时,捞出,润透切片,晾干,备用;白僵蚕先用糯米泔浸泡,待蚕桑涎出如蜗牛涎浮于水面上,然后漉出,微火焙干,研末;
(3)将步骤(1)处理后的陈皮和前胡同步骤(2)处理后的瓦楞子置于粉碎机中粉碎;与步骤(2)所得白僵蚕粉混合均匀,过筛,得混合细粉;
(4)将步骤(2)中所得甘草片与蚌兰花、炙麻黄、藕节和没食子一同置于砂锅内,煎煮两次,第一次向向砂锅中加入7-9倍量的纯净水(优选的,加入8倍量的纯净水),煎煮3-5小时(优选的,煎煮4小时),过滤,得第一次滤液;再向砂锅中加入4-6倍量的纯净水(优选的,加入5倍量的纯净水),加热煎煮2-3小时(优选的,加热煎煮2.5小时),过滤,得第二次滤液;
(5)步骤(4)中所得两次滤液合并,浓缩至原来体积的1/2,趁热加入步骤(3)所得混合细粉,搅拌均匀,高温灭菌,灌装,即得。
5.如权利要求4所述汤剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中白僵蚕先用糯米泔浸泡12-24小时(优选的白僵蚕先用糯米泔浸泡14-20小时,更加优选的白僵蚕先用糯米泔浸泡17小时)。
6.如权利要求4所述汤剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中过120-180目筛(优选的过140-160目筛,更加优选的过160目筛)。
7.如权利要求1-3任一所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,将其制成药学上可接受的丸剂,其制备方法是:
(1)取陈皮加盐、姜汁、醋浸泡15-35分钟,入锅蒸至有香味时,停火,焖10-20小时,待颜色转黑后晾干;将炼蜜加开水稀释,加入前胡片拌匀,焖透,然后置于锅内,文火炒至不粘手时,取出,放凉;
(2)取净瓦楞子置适宜容器内,于无烟的炉火中,煅至酥脆,取出,倒入15%的盐水内淬均匀;甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用45-60℃的纯净水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透切片,晾干,备用;白僵蚕先用糯米泔浸泡,待蚕桑涎出如蜗牛涎浮于水面上,然后漉出,微火焙干,研末;
(3)将步骤(1)处理后的陈皮和前胡同步骤(2)处理后的瓦楞子置于粉碎机中粉碎;与步骤(2)所得白僵蚕粉混合均匀,得混合细粉,置于通透袋中;
(4)将步骤(2)中所得甘草片与蚌兰花、炙麻黄、藕节和没食子一同置于砂锅内,加10-15倍量的纯净水浸泡45-65分钟,然后加入步骤(3)中通透袋置于砂锅中一起煎煮,共煎煮两次,每次分别添加3-5倍量的纯净水,第一次煎煮40-60分钟,第二次煎煮30-50分钟,过滤,合并两次煎液;
(5)将上述煎液减压浓缩成密度为1.29-1.33(85℃)的稠膏,以蜜泛丸,如梧桐子大,即得。
8.如权利要求1-3任一所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,将其制成药学上可接受的片剂,其制备方法是:
(1)取陈皮加盐、姜汁、醋浸泡15-35分钟,入锅蒸至有香味时,停火,焖10-20小时,待颜色转黑后晾干;将炼蜜加开水稀释,加入前胡片拌匀,焖透,然后置于锅内,文火炒至不粘手时,取出,放凉;
(2)取净瓦楞子置适宜容器内,于无烟的炉火中,煅至酥脆,取出,倒入15%的盐水内淬均匀;甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用45-60℃的纯净水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透切片,晾干,备用;白僵蚕先用糯米泔浸泡,待蚕桑涎出如蜗牛涎浮于水面上,然后漉出,微火焙干,研末;
(3)将步骤(1)处理后的陈皮和前胡同步骤(2)处理后的瓦楞子置于粉碎机中粉碎;与步骤(2)所得白僵蚕粉混合均匀,过筛,得混合细粉;
(4)将步骤(2)中所得甘草片与蚌兰花、炙麻黄、藕节和没食子一同置于砂锅内,加乙醇温浸25-35分钟后,加热回流提取二次,第一次2-3 小时,第二次0.5-1小时,每次乙醇的加入量均为药材的4-6倍,合并醇提液,减压回收乙醇, 浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.30-1.35的稠膏;
(5)向上述稠膏中加入蔗糖、淀粉和滑石粉(稠膏:蔗糖:淀粉:滑石粉质量比为1:2:2:0.01),按照片剂的加工方法制成片剂,即得。
9.如权利要求8所述片剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中所加乙醇的质量浓度为55%-95%(优选的所加乙醇的质量浓度为65%-85%,更加优选的所加乙醇的质量浓度为75%)。
10.如权利要求1-3任一所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,将其制成药学上可接受的颗粒剂,其制备方法是:
(1)取陈皮加盐、姜汁、醋浸泡15-35分钟,入锅蒸至有香味时,停火,焖10-20小时,待颜色转黑后晾干;将炼蜜加开水稀释,加入前胡片拌匀,焖透,然后置于锅内,文火炒至不粘手时,取出,放凉;
(2)取净瓦楞子置适宜容器内,于无烟的炉火中,煅至酥脆,取出,倒入15%的盐水内淬均匀;甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用45-60℃的纯净水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透切片,晾干,备用;白僵蚕先用糯米泔浸泡,待蚕桑涎出如蜗牛涎浮于水面上,然后漉出,微火焙干,研末;
(3)将步骤(1)处理后的陈皮和前胡同步骤(2)处理后的瓦楞子置于粉碎机中粉碎;与步骤(2)所得白僵蚕粉混合均匀,过筛,得混合细粉;
(4)将步骤(2)中所得甘草片与蚌兰花、炙麻黄、藕节和没食子一同置于砂锅内,加质量浓度为65%的乙醇温浸25-35分钟后,加热回流提取二次,第一次2-3 小时,第二次0.5-1小时,每次乙醇的加入量均为药材的4-6倍,合并醇提液,减压回收乙醇, 浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.30-1.35的稠膏;
(5)上述稠膏经喷雾干燥,制成干浸膏粉,加入乳糖(乳糖与浸膏粉的质量比为1:4),混匀,制成颗粒,灭菌,分装(15g/袋),即得。
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