CN104388502B - A kind of method that mixed bacteria solid state fermentation prepares rice bran active peptide - Google Patents

A kind of method that mixed bacteria solid state fermentation prepares rice bran active peptide Download PDF

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CN104388502B
CN104388502B CN201410572733.2A CN201410572733A CN104388502B CN 104388502 B CN104388502 B CN 104388502B CN 201410572733 A CN201410572733 A CN 201410572733A CN 104388502 B CN104388502 B CN 104388502B
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rice bran
mixed bacteria
solid state
peptide
active peptide
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CN104388502A (en
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樊金娟
阮燕晔
朱延姝
贾宝艳
崔震海
张立军
朱峰
千智伟
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Shenyang Agricultural University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of methods for preparing rice bran active peptide using Mixed Microbes solid state fermentation, it include: the solid state fermentation culture that rice bran is carried out using aspergillus niger AS3.410, AS3.350, AS3.365 and aspergillus oryzae AS3.910 mixed bacteria, slant strains are activated first, generate seed culture medium, again by four kinds of mycelia combined inoculations in sterilized rice bran, solid state rheology obtains rice bran mixed state after separation is dry.The present invention selects the complex microbial community of High Cellulase Production, amylase, pectase, carbohydrase, lipase and protease etc., pass through solid state fermentation direct fermentation rice bran, not only increase the trophic level of fermentation material, certain bitter peptides groups are modified and recombinated simultaneously, make rice bran peptide obtained substantially without bitter taste and peculiar smell, production technology simplifies, and can effectively reduce production cost, it is pollution-free, it is suitble to large-scale industrial production rice bran active peptide.

Description

A kind of method that mixed bacteria solid state fermentation prepares rice bran active peptide
Technical field
The present invention relates to biological activity protein preparation fields, and in particular to it is living that a kind of mixed bacteria solid state fermentation prepares rice bran The method of property peptide.
Background technique
Essential amino acid is complete in rice bran protein, and biological value is higher, and amino acid forms the recommendation mould closer to FAO/WHO Formula, efficiency ratio are 2.0~2.5.Rice bran protein is mainly substantially pressed by albumin, globulin, glutelin and alcohol soluble protein 37: 36: 22: 5 mass ratio is constituted, and wherein soluble protein accounts for about 70%, protein content, using sexual function (such as cream The property changed, dissolubility, stability etc.) it is similar to soybean protein isolate.In addition, rice bran protein matter biggest advantage is low allergy Property, it is the protein that anaphylaxis is minimum in known cereal.So there is high bioactivity using enzymatic hydrolysis rice bran protein matter production Rice bran active peptide has a vast market foreground that (Fan Jinjuan waits the anti-aging effects of Rice Bran Antioxidant Peptide, Food Science .2010,31 (23): 40-43).
Currently, the preparation method of active peptide mainly has separation and Extraction method, enzyme process, chemical synthesis, genetic recombination both at home and abroad Method etc..Wherein enzyme process direct hydrolysis albumen can improve the physics and chemistry and functionality of protein under the premise of not reducing nutritive value Matter, production active peptide safety is high, in widespread attention.It may be in the prevalence of function inside nutrient protein polypeptide chain Area selects these polypeptides of protease hydrolytic appropriate, it is possible to be released, to prepare various Functional Polypeptides.Rice bran is living The technology of preparing of property peptide is mainly for the purpose of anti-oxidant.Lee's Zhe (2012) prepares activity using alkali protease enzymatic hydrolysis rice bran protein Peptide its to be up to 68.7% (Lee's Zhe, the preparation of Zhai Aihua rice bran protein anti-oxidation peptide and preliminary of the clearance rate of DPPH free radical Separate Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural Reclamation University journal, 2012,24 (3): 56-59.).Jia Jun is equal by force to be prepared using neutral protease enzymolysis The anti-oxidant hybrid peptide of rice out, the ability of removing DPPH can reach 74.8%, and (Jia Junqiang waits ultrasound to pre-process rice protein Prepare anti-oxidation peptide Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 2008,24 (8): 288-293).The Chinese invention patent of CN 101434980B is announced A kind of method preparing rice bran short peptide, the invention obtain rice bran short peptide by addition composite protease hydrolysis protein;CN The Chinese invention patent application of 10208011A discloses a kind of technology of preparing of Rice Bran Antioxidant Peptide, prepares rice bran using alkaline process Albumen recycles compound protease enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain the rice bran protein peptide with antioxidant activity;The Chinese invention of CN10174818A A kind of preparation method of Rice Bran Antioxidant Peptide of patent application publication, wherein using basic protein enzymatic isolation method.
As described above, " alkali soluble acid is heavy " is often utilized to prepare rice bran protein matter at present, not only lipidated protein is low, and easily generated Noxious material, while can bring a large amount of salt ions into keeps product astringent taste excessively high;In the preparation process of active peptide, 2-3 kind enzyme is utilized Rice bran protein is directly digested, is difficult to isolated disulfide bond and surface hydrophobicity more by force containing a large amount of polymerizations since rice bran protein is intermolecular Acidic amino acid residue, water-soluble poor, not only purity and yield are low for the active peptide of preparation, also affect its biological activity;And And it is directly relatively high using enzyme price, enzymolysis product largely all also needs to carry out debitterized technique there is bitter taste.In recent years Come, though also attempting to carry out solid state fermentation to rice bran using microorganism, since its producing enzyme type and ability are limited, makes the anti-of product Oxidability it is lower (the Deng Wenhui anti-oxidant Fermentation Conditions food of probiotics solid state fermentation black rice chaff and fermentation science and technology, 2013,49 (2): 50-54)).The above problem constrains the development and application of rice bran Functional Polypeptides, it is difficult to large-scale production.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of methods for preparing rice bran active peptide using Mixed Microbes solid state fermentation, directly with fresh rice bran For raw material, Shenyang (is purchased from using food-grade microorganisms aspergillus niger AS3.410, AS3.350, AS3.365 and aspergillus oryzae AS3.910 Yi Ang Bioisystech Co., Ltd, city).
Mixed bacteria carries out solid state fermentation culture, obtains rice bran active peptide.Production technology simplifies, and can effectively reduce and is produced into This, it is pollution-free, it is suitble to large-scale industrial production rice bran active peptide.
A method of rice bran active peptide is prepared using Mixed Microbes solid state fermentation, comprising the following steps:
(1) activation of strain: by aspergillus niger AS3.410, AS3.350, AS3.365 and aspergillus oryzae AS3.910 slant strains It is transferred in liquid activation medium respectively, culture is to generating uniform small mycelium pellet;
(2) preparation of rice bran culture medium: being added distilled water in fresh rice bran, is packed into the triangle of 250mL after mixing Bottle sufficiently sterilizes;
(3) preparation of mixed bacteria: four kinds of mycelium pellets are divided into bacterium piece of uniform size respectively, are configured to Mixed Microbes Kind;
(4) mixed bacteria is added in (2) sterilized rice bran, and shaken up;
(5) (4) vaccinated rice bran is put into mold incubator and is cultivated;
(6) UF membrane: step (5) resulting fermentation liquid is placed in a centrifuge separation, supernatant is collected, supernatant is led to It crosses the film that molecular weight is 3000Da that shuts off to be separated, collects permeate, rice bran active peptide is obtained after concentrate drying.
In above-mentioned preparation process,
The activation of step (1) described aspergillus niger AS3.410, AS3.350, AS3.365 and aspergillus oryzae AS3.910 slant strains Condition are as follows: 28-32 DEG C, 140-160rpm shaken cultivation 45-50h, generate uniform small mycelium pellet.Because aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae need to live The logarithmic phase that the change rear 48h can reach thalli growth is conducive to the proliferation of strain using above-mentioned condition culture.Liquid activation training Support base: NaNO33g、K2HPO41g、MgSO4·7H2O 0.5g、KCl 0.5g、FeSO40.01g, sucrose 30g, distilled water 1000ml, natural ph.
In the preparation of step (2) the rice bran culture medium, the volume ratio of rice bran quality and distilled water is 0.4-0.5g/mL, Sterilising conditions are 100-121 DEG C and sufficiently sterilize 2-6 hours.With this condition, rice bran medium sterilization is sufficiently thorough.
In the preparation of step (3) mixed bacteria, respectively by aspergillus niger AS3.410, AS3.350, AS3.365 and aspergillus oryzae The mycelia of AS3.910 is configured to mixed bacteria by 1: 2: 4: 3 mass ratio.The complex microbial community of above-mentioned mass ratio, can Complex enzymes, enzymatic productivity and the types such as cellulase, amylase, pectase, carbohydrase, lipase and protease is generated to be conducive to The preparation of rice bran peptide.
Mixed bacteria is inoculated into (2) sterilized rice bran in the ratio of 5-15% (W: W) in step (4).Using upper Stating mass ratio can be improved the yield of rice bran peptide.
Condition of culture in step (5) is relative humidity 70-90%, temperature is 28-32 DEG C, is cultivated 5-6 days.Incubation time It is too short or too long, it can result in insufficient or part microorganism death of fermenting, influence the enzyme of microorganism producing enzyme effect and protein Solution, can preferably control protein hydrolysis process with this condition, and the active peptide of preparation has stronger oxidation resistance.
Film filter pressure position 1-2kg/cm in step (6)2, transit dose 30-35mL/min.With this condition, it can obtain Target fragment is obtained, guarantee obtains higher degree and active rice bran peptide.
The rice bran bioactive peptide molecule amount that the above method obtains concentrates on 10000Da hereinafter, mainly by 3-10 amino acid The small peptide of composition.
Advantages of the present invention
(1) present invention utilize different microorganisms producing enzyme feature, using food-grade microorganisms aspergillus niger AS3.410, The composite flora of AS3.350, AS3.365 and aspergillus oryzae AS3.910 composition, are produced by solid state fermentation direct fermentation rice bran and are lived Property peptide, without isolate and purify to rice bran protein and additionally adding protease, simple production process and pollution-free can be effective Production cost is reduced, is economized on resources and the energy, large-scale industrial production rice bran active peptide is suitble to.
(2) rice bran active peptide prepared by the present invention, the cellulase generated during the growth process using microorganism, starch The complex enzymes such as enzyme, pectase, carbohydrase, lipase and protease directly act on rice bran, improve the yield of rice bran peptide, preparation Active peptide there is stronger oxidation resistance, the Scavenging activity of hydroxy radical, superoxide anion and DPPH free radical is distinguished It is 90.53%, 50.48% and 91.02%, and also shows higher biological activity in terms of reducing power, up to 79.3%.The rice bran active peptide of preparation can be used for food formula, functional food, food additives, drug, cosmetics, without public affairs Evil feed addictive etc..
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Aspergillus niger AS3.410, AS3.350, AS3.365 and aspergillus oryzae AS3.910 slant strains are transferred to liquid respectively In activation medium, at 28 DEG C, 140rpm shaken cultivation 50h, uniform small mycelium pellet is generated;Four kinds of mycelium pellets are divided into respectively The mycelia of aspergillus niger AS3.410, AS3.350, AS3.365 and aspergillus oryzae AS3.91 are pressed 1: 2: 4: 3 respectively by bacterium piece equal in magnitude Mass ratio be configured to mixed bacteria.Distilled water is added for 0.4g/mL by quality and volume ratio in fresh rice bran, is uniformly mixed It is packed into the triangular flask of 250mL afterwards, sterilising conditions are 110 DEG C and sufficiently sterilize 5 hours.By mixed bacteria in the ratio of 10% (W: W) It is inoculated into sterilized rice bran, and shakes up;It is put into mold incubator under conditions of relative humidity 70%, temperature are 28 DEG C Culture 6 days.Resulting fermentation liquid is placed in a centrifuge 4000rpm centrifugation 40min, supernatant is collected, by supernatant by cutting The film that stream molecular weight is 3000Da is separated, filter condition 1.0kg/cm2, transit dose 30mL/min, collection permeate, Molecular weight is obtained after concentrate drying concentrates on 10000Da hereinafter, mainly by the small peptide of 3-10 Amino acid profile.
Embodiment 2
Aspergillus niger AS3.410, AS3.350, AS3.365 and aspergillus oryzae AS3.910 slant strains are transferred to liquid respectively In activation medium, at 30 DEG C, 150rpm shaken cultivation 48h, uniform small mycelium pellet is generated;Four kinds of mycelium pellets are divided into respectively The mycelia of aspergillus niger AS3.410, AS3.350, AS3.365 and aspergillus oryzae AS3.91 are pressed 1: 2: 4: 3 respectively by bacterium piece equal in magnitude Mass ratio be configured to mixed bacteria.It is by quality and volume ratio in fresh rice bran (purchasing Shenyang thousandweight Lang Dao industry company) Distilled water is added in 0.45g/mL, is packed into the triangular flask of 250mL after mixing, and sterilising conditions are 115 DEG C and sufficiently sterilize 4 hours. Mixed bacteria is inoculated into sterilized rice bran in the ratio of 12% (W: W), and is shaken up;It is put into mold incubator opposite Humidity 80%, temperature are cultivated 6 days under conditions of being 30 DEG C.Resulting fermentation liquid is placed in a centrifuge 5000rpm centrifugation 30min collects supernatant, supernatant is separated by the film that molecular weight is 3000Da that shuts off, filter condition 1.kg/ cm2, transit dose 33mL/min, collect permeate, obtained after concentrate drying molecular weight concentrate on 10000Da hereinafter, mainly by The small peptide of 3-10 Amino acid profile.
Embodiment 3
Aspergillus niger AS3.410, AS3.350, AS3.365 and aspergillus oryzae AS3.910 slant strains are transferred to liquid respectively In activation medium, at 32 DEG C, 160rpm shaken cultivation 45h, uniform small mycelium pellet is generated;Four kinds of mycelium pellets are divided into respectively The mycelia of aspergillus niger AS3.410, AS3.350, AS3.365 and aspergillus oryzae AS3.910 are pressed 1: 2: 4 respectively by bacterium piece equal in magnitude: 3 mass ratio is configured to mixed bacteria.Distilled water is added for 0.5g/mL by quality and volume ratio in fresh rice bran, mixing is equal The triangular flask of 250mL is packed into after even, sterilising conditions are 121 DEG C and sufficiently sterilize 3 hours.Mixed bacteria is pressed to the ratio of 15% (W: W) Example is inoculated into sterilized rice bran, and is shaken up;It is put into mold incubator in relative humidity 90%, the condition that temperature is 32 DEG C Lower culture 5 days.Resulting fermentation liquid is placed in a centrifuge 5000rpm centrifugation 25min, supernatant is collected, supernatant is passed through The molecular weight that shuts off is that the film of 3000Da is separated, filter condition 2kg/cm2, transit dose 35mL/min, collection permeate, Molecular weight is obtained after concentrate drying concentrates on 10000Da hereinafter, mainly by the small peptide of 3-10 Amino acid profile.
Rice bran active peptide determination oxidative
1. the Scavenging activity of pair hydroxy radical
With reference to the method for He Junshan etc., (He Junshan waits the optimization of the external hydroxy radical determination condition of and grinds using health Study carefully, 2008,37 (5): 617-618.).Use H2O2Start FeSO4OH is generated, with OH oxidation sodium salicylate products therefrom Light absorption value indicate .OH number, light absorption value is bigger, and OH is more.The sterile steaming of rice bran active peptide dry powder prepared by embodiment 1 Distilled water is made into 0,0.08,0.16,0.24,0.32,0.40,0.48,0.56mg/mL each 0.5mL of rice bran peptide liquid.Each reactant 1mL 9mmol/LFeSO is separately added into system4, 1mL 9mmol/L sodium salicylate, the rice bran peptide liquid of 0.5mL various concentration, finally 1mL 8.8mmol/LH is added2O2Starting reaction, 37 DEG C of water-bath 30min make reference with distilled water, make comparisons with reagent blank liquid, The light absorption value of each reaction solution is surveyed under 510nm.Clearance rate is calculated as follows:
Clearance rate/%=[A0-(Ai-Ai0)]/A0× 100%
A0It is the light absorption value that Rice Bran Polypeptides liquid concentration is 0 for control;
AiLight absorption value when for certain concentration;
Ai0The background values of concentration when for no color developing agent.
2. the Scavenging activity of pair superoxide anion
Using assay NBT photoreduction, (tetra- kinds of assay NBT photoreductions of Zhang Hong, Tan Zhujun .2002. measure super oxygen The comparison University of the Inner Mongol journal (natural science edition) of object dismutase activity method, 33 (6): 677-681.).Specific practice is such as Under: in the test tube containing 50mmol/LTris-HCl (pH=8.2 includes 1mmol/LEDTA) 1.mL, deionized water 1.0mL, Being separately added into each 0.1mL of rice bran peptide liquid of the preparation of above-described embodiment 1, (the rice bran active peptide dry powder for preparing embodiment 1 is with sterile Distilled water is made into 0,0.08,0.16,0.24,0.32,0.40,0.48,0.56mg/mL rice bran peptide liquid), 25 DEG C of water-bath heat preservations 15min, using rice bran peptide liquid concentration be 0 concentration as blank control pipe, be eventually adding same 25 DEG C of water-baths heat preservation 15min's 3mmol/L pyrogallol (prepares) 0.1mL with 10mmol/LHCl, and 0~300s is once inhaled every 60s record under 320nm immediately Light value obtains dA respectively0/ dt, dASample/dt(dA0/dt、dASample/ dt respectively indicates PR autoxidizable speed when not being added and be added mortifier Rate, i.e., the average rate of change of every its light absorption of lmin).
Clearance rate/%=(1-dASample/dt/dA0/ dt) × 100%
The Scavenging activity of 3.DPPH free radical
With reference to the method waited by force, (rice bran peptide is anti-in Zhang Qiang, Wang Songhua, Sun Yujun, Feng Fuchun iii vitro chemical simulated system The research food and fermentation industries .2008 of oxidation activity, 34 (4): 49-51).DPPH9.7mg accurately is weighed, is added a small amount of anhydrous After ethyl alcohol dissolution, 250mL is settled to 95% ethyl alcohol, the DPPH solution that concentration is 0.2mmol/L is made.2mL is taken to prepare DPPH solution is separately added into rice bran peptide 2mL (the rice bran active peptide dry powder nothing for preparing embodiment 1 of the preparation of above-described embodiment 1 Bacterium distilled water is made into 0,0.08,0.16,0.24,0.32,0.40,0.48,0.56mg/mL rice bran peptide liquid) in test tube, mixing Uniformly, 20min is reacted, 10min is centrifuged under 4000/min, takes supernatant at wavelength 517nm, survey its absorbance A1;Separately take 2mL 2mL dehydrated alcohol is added in test tube in the rice bran peptide liquid of various concentration, reacts 20min, is centrifuged 10min under 4000r/min, takes Supernatant surveys its absorbance A at wavelength 517nm2;With 2mLDPPH solution and the reaction of 2mL dehydrated alcohol as reference, extinction Degree is denoted as A0.Rice Bran Polypeptides liquid is calculated according to the following formula to the clearance rate of DPPH free radical:
Clearance rate/%=[1- (A1-A2)/A0] × 100%
In formula, A0Add absorbance when 2mL dehydrated alcohol for 2mLDPPH solution;
A1Add absorbance when 2mL Rice Bran Polypeptides liquid for 2mLDPPH solution;
A2Add absorbance when 2mL Rice Bran Polypeptides liquid for 2mL dehydrated alcohol.
4. the measurement of reducing power
(the rice bran active peptide dry powder for preparing embodiment 1 is with sterile for the various concentration rice bran peptide for taking above-described embodiment 1 to prepare Distilled water is made into 0,0.08,0.16,0.24,0.32,0.40,0.48,0.56mg/mL rice bran peptide) each 1mL in test tube, according to Secondary addition 2.5mL0.2mol/L phosphate buffer (pH=6.6) and 1% potassium ferricyanide of 2.5mL mass fraction mix, in 55 DEG C of perseverances It is cooling rapidly after incubating 20min in tepidarium, after the trichloroacetic acid mixing of 2.5mL mass fraction 10% is added, with 3000r/ Min is centrifuged 10min, takes supernatant 2.5mL, the ferric trichloride for sequentially adding 2mL distilled water and 0.5mL mass fraction 0.1% is molten Liquid is sufficiently mixed, and after standing 10min, absorbance value is measured at 700nm, and absorbance is bigger, indicates that reducing power is stronger.With Distilled water makees reference, and Vc is positive control.
Reducing power=sample absorbance-blank control group absorbance
5. experiment conclusion
According to above-mentioned experiment method, determination oxidative is carried out to present invention rice bran active peptide obtained, obtain as Under experimental result: the Scavenging activity to hydroxy radical, superoxide anion and DPPH free radical is respectively 90.53%, 50.48% With 91.02%, reducing power is up to 79.3%.The evaluation of rice bran active peptide oxidation resistance was concentrated mainly on pair in the past In the removing of DPPH free radical, Lee's Zhe (Lee's Zhe, the preparation of Zhai Aihua rice bran protein anti-oxidation peptide and the Heilungkiang initial gross separation eight One land-reclaimable college journal, 2012,24 (3): 56-59.) and Jia Junqiang etc. (Jia Junqiang waits ultrasound pretreatment rice protein to prepare Anti-oxidation peptide Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 2008.24 (8): 288-293) its clearance rate is divided using the rice bran active peptide of enzyme process preparation It Wei 68.7% and 74.8%;The rice bran peptide that Deng Wenhui etc. is obtained using probiotics fermention is up to 74% to its Scavenging activity (the Deng Wenhui anti-oxidant Fermentation Conditions food of probiotics solid state fermentation black rice chaff and fermentation science and technology, 2013,49 (2): 50- 54)).Illustrated example 1 prepares rice bran active peptide and not only shows stronger advantage in terms of the Scavenging activity of DPPH free radical, Also activity with higher in terms of scavenging hydroxyl, superoxide anion and reducing power, oxidation resistance is strong, can be used for food and matches Side, functional food, food additives, drug, cosmetics, nuisance free feed supplement etc..

Claims (5)

1. a kind of method for preparing rice bran active peptide using Mixed Microbes solid state fermentation, comprising the following steps:
(1) activation of strain: aspergillus niger AS3.410, AS3.350, AS3.365 and aspergillus oryzae AS3.910 slant strains are distinguished It is transferred in liquid activation medium, culture is to generating uniform small mycelium pellet;
(2) preparation of rice bran culture medium: being added distilled water in fresh rice bran, is packed into the triangular flask of 250mL after mixing, fills Divide sterilizing;
(3) preparation of mixed bacteria: four kinds of mycelium pellets are divided into bacterium piece of uniform size respectively, are configured to mixed bacteria;
(4) mixed bacteria is added in (2) sterilized rice bran culture medium, and shaken up;
(5) (4) vaccinated rice bran culture medium is put into mold incubator and is cultivated;
(6) UF membrane: step (5) resulting fermentation liquid is placed in a centrifuge separation, collects supernatant, by supernatant by cutting Staying molecular weight is that the film of 3000Da is separated, and collects permeate, rice bran active peptide is obtained after concentrate drying;
In the preparation of step (3) mixed bacteria, respectively by aspergillus niger AS3.410, AS3.350, AS3.365 and aspergillus oryzae The mycelia of AS3.910 is configured to mixed bacteria by 1: 2: 4: 3 mass ratio;
Condition of culture in the step (5) is relative humidity 70-90%, temperature is 28-32 DEG C, is cultivated 5-6 days.
2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (1) the aspergillus niger AS3.410, AS3.350, The activation condition of AS3.365 and aspergillus oryzae AS3.910 slant strains are as follows: 28-32 DEG C, 140-160rpm shaken cultivation 45-50h, Generate uniform small mycelium pellet.
3. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the preparation of step (2) the rice bran culture medium, rice bran quality Volume ratio with distilled water is 0.4-0.5g/mL, and sterilising conditions are 100-121 DEG C and sufficiently sterilize 2-6 hours.
4. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: by mixed bacteria in the ratio of 5-15% (w: w) in step (4) It is inoculated into (2) sterilized rice bran.
5. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: film filter pressure is 1-2kg/cm in step (6)2, transit dose is 30-35mL/min。
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CN102286601A (en) * 2011-08-11 2011-12-21 山东省花生研究所 Method for preparing peanut antioxidant peptide by fermentation

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