CN104370370A - Riverway sewage purification treatment method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention proposes a method for purifying and treating river sewage, comprising the steps of: 1) the aquatic plants in the river are: foxtail algae, chrysanthemum chinensis, orchid grass, water spinach, canna, water onion, mosaic reed, pikegrass alba , Zailihua, calamus; river aquatic vegetables: one or more of water spinach, celery, lettuce, watercress; river aquatic crops: one of rice, wheat, rapeseed or more. With the rapid development of the domestic economy, industrial and agricultural wastes have been thrown into the water, which has caused serious pollution to the ecological environment of my country's water bodies. In recent years, people have become more and more interested in improving the ecological environment, and people have become more and more concerned about water pollution. , has become the primary problem in China. Artificial floating islands can improve water pollution and purify water resources. The method of planting a large number of aquatic plants to improve the ecological environment of water bodies can effectively purify water resources.

Description

A kind of river sewage purification treatment method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of wastewater treatment, and in particular relates to a method for purifying river sewage.

Background technique

With the rapid development of my country's economy, the rapid development of the manufacturing industry in the southeast region has also brought about the pollution and destruction of rivers. Modern ecological science believes that ecological river construction refers to reshaping a relatively natural, stable, healthy and open river ecosystem through construction of ecological riverbeds and ecological revetment and other engineering techniques under the premise of ensuring river safety, which can maintain river biodiversity for a long time Sex and ecological balance, and finally build an ideal environment of harmony between human and water.

At present, the main methods of river sewage treatment include (Figure 1): 1. Physical methods, such as dredging sediment, mechanical algae removal, diversion of water to scour and transfer water, etc. 2. Chemical methods, such as coagulation and precipitation, adding chemical agents to kill algae, adding iron salts to promote the precipitation of phosphorus, and adding lime for denitrification. 3. Ecological-biological method Ecological-biological method mainly includes river aeration and reoxygenation, biofilm method, bioremediation method, land treatment method, aquatic plant purification method, etc.

Bioremediation technology Bioremediation technology refers to the engineering technology system that uses microorganisms and other organisms to degrade toxic and harmful pollutants in water or soil on site, or convert them into non-toxic and harmless substances. There are two main types of bioremediation technologies used in river sewage treatment. One is to directly add one or more microbial strains that have been cultured and screened to the polluted river water body, and the test proves that the COD removal rate can reach more than 9096%. The other is to add microbial growth promoters (nutrients) to polluted river water bodies to promote the growth of "indigenous" microorganisms.

The aquatic plant purification method is a sewage purification method that makes full use of the natural purification function of aquatic plants. For example, duckweed and reeds in wetlands are used for purification treatment in a certain water area. However, the discharge of domestic sewage will cause problems such as odor, pests and landscape impact. Therefore, the above problems should be considered comprehensively when selecting, such as choosing to plant reeds at the downwind position in spring and summer.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies in the art, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a method for purifying and treating river sewage.

The technical scheme that realizes the object of the present invention is:

A method for purifying and treating river sewage, comprising the steps of:

1) Planting river aquatic plants, including: one or more of Trichosanthes chinensis, Tritula chinensis, Orchard chinensis, Nymphaeum, Canna, Water onion, Mosaic reed, Pikegrass alba, Zaili flower, and calamus kind.

Planting river channel aquatic vegetables, including: one or more of water spinach, celery, lettuce, and watercress;

Planting river aquatic crops, including: one or more of rice, wheat, rapeseed

Flowers are planted on the shore, including one or more of jasmine, mastia, peach blossom, platycodon, osmanthus, rhododendron, rose, peony, camellia, milanum, and chrysanthemum.

The grass planted on the bank is one or more of elephant grass, ryegrass, knotgrass, oil grass, sudan grass, small water banyan, iron crown, water grass and water orchid.

2) Spreading of pest control:

Apply chemicals on the planted plants, including: ferrous sulfate solution sprayed once every 4-6 days,

Quicklime 15kg per acre, carbendazim 1kg, per acre for soil disinfection or 50% carbendazim 0.1-0.125% solution spray control, trichlorfon and marathon emulsion 0.1% solution, use bamboo sticks to insert holes in the seedbed and then water.

Add 0.1-0.3% urea once every 7-15 days, apply 8 times in a row, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate once every 7 days in the middle, and spray 0.1-0.3% boric acid solution once every 8 days to promote The seedlings are strong and cold resistance is enhanced. The leaves are sprayed with micro-fertilizer boron to promote the growth of seedlings. The leaves are sprayed with trace elements zinc and magnesium to improve plant photosynthesis.

Among them, the equipment used for planting, flowers, vegetables, and rice is: one or more of coiled pipes, foam boards, floating boards, steel wire ropes, PVC white pipes, waterproof ropes, wooden piles, and steel pipes. Wooden piles and steel pipes are connected with waterproof ropes, steel wire ropes, iron wires, etc.

Wherein, it is more suitable for the river channel to be a small river or an inland river. If the water of a large river is too large, the planting equipment may be damaged easily.

Constant water level problem: Many aquatic plants die after planting in large areas. One of the important reasons is that the water level is not well controlled. During the planting and construction work, the water level is often low because the project has not yet been completed and the water body is not fully impounded, or during the dry season in spring. Construction management personnel usually think that aquatic plants cannot leave the water, and it does not matter if the water depth is shallower or shallower. They often plant aquatic plants below the design contour or above the contour. When the water is stored or the water level rises to the normal water level, the emergent plants will be "drowned" because they are planted too deep, the leaves of the floating plants will not emerge from the water surface and will be "suffocated", and the submerged plants will die due to too weak light in the depth of the water. "Starve to death"; or because the plants are too much higher than the normal water level, the emergent plants are "drought to death". It can be seen that the constant water level line is the lifeline of aquatic plants, and sufficient attention should be paid to the constant water level line during actual construction operations. It is recommended to use a level to determine the constant water level on site before planting and setting out, and to consider the water depth adaptability of various plants as a hard indicator when planting.

Wave problem: The wave erosion of rivers, rivers, and lake banks is a natural process of the forward succession of these water bodies, and wave erosion and deposition are also important factors affecting the life of these water bodies. In nature, with the succession of water bodies, the bank slope slows down and deposits soil, which creates conditions for the survival and reproduction of aquatic plants. The growth of plants slows down the erosion of the water bank, which is the resistance to succession, but the decay and deposition of plants, The substantial increase in the content of organic matter in the water has enriched the nutrition of the water body and increased the biomass of the water body. From this perspective, aquatic plants have contributed to the succession of the entire water body.

One of the important functions of people planting aquatic plants on the shore of a water body is to slow down the erosion of the shoreline by waves and ensure a normal water environment. Aquatic plants naturally become the focus of the contradiction between shore stabilization and wave erosion.

Generally speaking, small water systems in commercial and residential areas and public green spaces are small in scope, restricted to navigation, and slow in water flow. They have little impact on shoreline erosion and erosion, and have little impact on the planting and growth of aquatic plants. Water bodies such as rivers and lakes bring great difficulties to the planting and survival of aquatic plants due to wind and waves, boat-shaped waves or rapid water flow. For example, wind waves and boat-shaped waves will directly or through the reflection of the embankment, directly beat or shake the plant strongly, so that the leaves of the plant will be broken, the stem will be broken, and the plant will even be uprooted, affecting the growth of the plant or even causing its death. Therefore, it is necessary to impose inspections when planting, and take corresponding technical measures for wave dissipation and revetment reinforcement when planting according to the characteristics of waves. After the recovery of aquatic plants, emergent plants can play a certain role in wave dissipation, and its root system can also play a certain role. The role of slope protection and shore consolidation.

Different forms of wave dissipation and shore strengthening can be adopted according to different shorelines and wave strengths. For open lakes, wave-dispelling bowls may be used on windward shores and shorelines with high waves, but the distance between the wave-dispelling bowls and the shore should be within 150 meters. For shorelines with small lakes and little waves, pine piles and moso bamboo piles can be used, which are better choices for both wave dissipation and shore stabilization.

Planting soil: planting soil is the source of nutrients for aquatic plants other than floating plants, and it is also the basis for supporting plants for emergent plants. The requirements of aquatic plants for planting soil are determined by satisfying the above two functions. Generally speaking, the silt of the original water body is an ideal planting soil. For the newly excavated artificial wetland, it can be dredged and filled with the surrounding rivers and lakes. If the silt is difficult to purchase, the topsoil of the paddy field can be used in the south. In the north, if there is water shortage Paddy fields can also use higher fertility dry land cultivation layer soil. After backfilling the heavy viscous planting soil, a certain period of settlement and hardening should be given. Pay attention to shorelines with large waves and hard dams, as the backfilled planting soil is easily eroded by waves. When planting aquatic plants in the original water body, the development of the sediment should also be considered. Before planting, it is necessary to check the sediment in the water. The bottom mud on the windward side and the hard embankment bank is easy to be eroded, and often lacks the development of soft bottom mud, which is extremely unfavorable for planting aquatic plants. Wave dissipation measures should be taken first to reduce waves, and then the planting soil can be backfilled before planting .

Function introduction of artificial floating bed:

With the continuous development of people's life, it has had a great impact on the living environment of human beings. It can be seen from the water pollution that can be seen everywhere. In order to improve this problem, artificial floating beds have been developed artificially. With the development and utilization of artificial floating beds, the role played by artificial floating beds in water purification makes it truly a multifunctional and practical technology. What are the functions of artificial floating beds?

1. Quick results in water treatment

The artificial floating bed absorbs and degrades organic pollutants in the water, which can quickly repair the water body and achieve the purpose of purifying the water quality. And the price of the artificial floating bed is also very reasonable. It is a project with low investment and effective results.

2. Improve the biological environment

The artificial floating bed is the carrier for the survival and reproduction of microorganisms. In addition to absorbing organic matter in the water and delivering sufficient oxygen to the water, it can also provide a space for various organisms to rest and reproduce. The artificial floating bed restores the water body and forms a good natural ecological environment.

3. Improve environmental quality

In addition to the obvious effect on water pollution control, the artificial floating bed also has the function of environmental landscape. The artificial floating bed can not only be used in repairing polluted water bodies, pollution control and anti-pollution, but also can beautify the living environment. Creating a beautiful urban landscape can achieve twice the result with half the effort.

The role of artificial floating beds in water restoration and purification and the effect of environmental landscape. With the widespread application, it has been more and more recognized. Moreover, the development prospect of artificial floating bed is very considerable, and it is a very practical project.

Improving the water environment with biological floating islands is currently a relatively common type of water pollution control. This water pollution control method first emerged in Europe and the United States, but in recent years, this situation has gradually become popular in my country. We can see that in many There are cases where biological floating islands improve the water environment, especially for the transformation of some large lakes, and this method is very effective.

In my country's first-tier cities, water pollution control often involves a lot of problems, and ordinary treatment methods are likely to cause secondary water pollution, so more and more people are beginning to use this and a new way to improve the water environment. As far as the current situation is concerned, this improvement effect is still very good, and using this method to control water pollution can often achieve very good control results. It is worth mentioning that although the effect of biological floating islands on improving the water environment is very good, real-time observation is still needed to achieve good governance effects. The situation should also be reported in time, so as to quickly control the water pollution.

The inventive method has the following advantages:

With the rapid development of the domestic economy, industrial and agricultural wastes have been thrown into the water, which has caused serious pollution to the ecological environment of my country's water bodies. In recent years, people have become more and more interested in improving the ecological environment, and people have become more and more concerned about water pollution. , has become the primary problem in China. Artificial floating islands can improve water pollution and purify water resources. The method of planting a large number of aquatic plants to improve the ecological environment of water bodies can effectively purify water resources.

The artificial floating island plays a role in regulating the circulation of ecosystem materials and energy, and can effectively improve the situation of water pollution. The artificial floating island uses the floating ability to plant aquatic plants, and improves the ecological environment of the water body through the natural environment of aquatic plants. At the same time, the artificial floating island itself can fix suspended solids in the water to achieve potential detoxification. Artificial floating islands can not only improve the ecological environment, but also be used for ecotoxicological assessment of aquatic pollution and its bioaccumulation, modification and transshipment after entering the biological chain, which has very important implications for the maintenance of plant ecology and the health of humans and animals . The degree of pollution in the water is different, so different artificial floating islands are needed for improvement. According to expert analysis, aquatic plants such as lotus and reed can remove chlorine, phosphorus, heavy metals and organic pollutants in polluted water to varying degrees, and have been widely used in sewage treatment. Therefore, different artificial floating islands can be selected to improve different polluted water bodies. Artificial floating islands can greatly improve the ecological environment of water bodies, and make the relationship between people and nature intimate here. Water pollution is quite serious in China, and I believe that with artificial floating islands, it can be improved quickly.

Artificial floating island is a new method of improving the ecological environment of water bodies, which can improve the ecological environment very well. After years of use, it has won the recognition and favor of the general public. Artificial floating islands can not only improve the ecological environment, but also have many functions. Let us learn about the functions of artificial floating islands.

First of all, the artificial floating island has a very good water purification function. It is different because of the different purposes and objects. It mainly has an effect on the eutrophic water quality. Its purification mechanism is very similar to the water purification mechanism of the vegetation belt along the lake and marsh. Secondly, the artificial floating island is the best sounding place for fish. It has the effects of shelter, eddy current, and feed, and has become a good condition for fish to live. Because the spawning has an adsorption effect on the sludge and can purify the water quality at the same time, many people tie some ropes under the artificial floating islands to improve the structure of the floating spawning beds for carp and other fish. In addition, artificial floating islands are also the best living space for birds. Researchers have found that there are bird nests on some artificial floating islands. Most of the time, people build nests on the island to attract certain birds. The nesting habits of the species are specially arranged on artificial floating islands. Finally, the artificial floating island also has the function of wave suppression.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the river channel control method in the prior art.

Figure 2 is a model diagram of the anaerobic biochemical pool in the constructed wetland,

Figure 3: Plane view of sewage purification and treatment of river aquatic plants,

Fig. 4 Model diagram of river sewage treatment station.

Detailed ways

The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the present invention are conventional technical means in the field.

The planting site is located in Baquhe Village, Wushan Town, Wangcheng District, Changsha City. The pollutant indicators in the water before testing are as follows:

1. Suspended solids (SS), the average test result is 191mg/L;

2. The average value of the five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD ₅ ) mg/L test result was 108,

3. The average test result of chemical oxygen demand (CODcr) mg/L is 219,

4. The average value of the total phosphorus mg/L test result is 35.6,

5. The average value of the chromaticity mg/L test result is 8,

6. The average value of ammonia nitrogen mg/L test result is 8.76.

Example 1

See Figure 2, Figure 3, and Figure 4 for the process. A method for purifying and treating river sewage, comprising the steps of:

1) The aquatic plants planted in the river course are: chrysanthemum, quinces, syringa, water spinach, canna, water onion, mosaic reed, barracuda, Zaili flower, and calamus.

The river aquatic vegetables planted are: spinach, celery, lettuce, watercress

The river aquatic crops planted are: rice, wheat, rapeseed

The flowers planted on the bank are: jasmine, mastia, peach blossom, bellflower, osmanthus, rhododendron, rose, peony, camellia, Milanese, chrysanthemum.

The grasses planted on the shore are: elephant grass, ryegrass, knot grass, oil grass, Sudan grass, small water banyan, iron crown, water grass, water orchid.

2) Spreading of pest control:

The ferrous sulfate solution is sprayed once every 4-6 days.

Quicklime 15kg per acre, carbendazim 1kg, per acre for soil disinfection or 50% carbendazim 0.1-0.125% solution spray control, trichlorfon and marathon emulsion 0.1% solution, use bamboo sticks to insert holes in the seedbed and then water.

Add 0.1-0.3% urea once every 7-15 days, apply 8 times in a row, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate once every 7 days in the middle, and spray 0.1-0.3% boric acid solution once every 8 days to promote The seedlings are strong and cold resistance is enhanced. The leaves are sprayed with micro-fertilizer boron to promote the growth of seedlings. The leaves are sprayed with trace elements zinc and magnesium to improve plant photosynthesis.

The equipment used for planting, flowers, vegetables, and rice is: coiled pipes, foam boards, steel wire ropes, waterproof ropes, wooden piles, steel pipes, connected with cement pillars, wooden piles, and steel pipes with waterproof ropes, steel wire ropes, and iron wires.

The river course is an inland river. Large rivers with too much water can easily damage planting equipment. The water surface is not limited. As long as it is not sailing, flood control and flood discharge rivers are fine.

Purification of water pollutants After continuous treatment and restoration, the concentration of pollutants in the Dongxing River water body has been greatly reduced. The indicators of the Dongxing River water body have improved significantly, and DO has recovered from 0.16mg/L before treatment to an average of 3.5mg/L Above; COD reduced from> 204mg/L to an average of 20mg/L, the reduction rate reached 90%; BOD5 reduced from> 61.2mg/L to an average of 8mg/L, the reduction rate reached more than 92%; NH ₃ -N was reduced from> 22.7mg/L L decreased to an average of 5mg/L or so and the reduction rate reached 80%; TP decreased from> 8.52mg/L to an average of 1mg/L or less and the reduction rate reached 92%. The restoration effect of the bottom mud is quite obvious. The original thick black and smelly bottom mud has been restored to the current yellow-gray and odorless. The water body ecology is gradually stepping into a virtuous circle. The biodiversity of the water body has increased significantly, and protozoa have appeared. A large number of wild fish have grown in the water, and the biological chain is gradually recovering. The ecological environment of the river has basically been restored. The expected goal of the river course treatment agreed by both parties in the treatment contract has been achieved.

The summary table of comparative analysis of river channel appearance and water quality index data before and after treatment and restoration:

Table 1: Unit: mg/L

Although the present invention has been described in detail with general descriptions and specific embodiments above, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made on the basis of the present invention. Therefore, the modifications or improvements made on the basis of not departing from the spirit of the present invention all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A river channel sewage purification treatment method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: 1) Aquatic plants planted in the river course, including: one or more of Trichosanthes chinensis, Trichosanthes chinensis, Orchard sativa, Nymphium, Canna, Water onion, Arundophyllum mosaicus, Pikegrass alba, Zailihua, and calamus kind; Aquatic vegetables planted in the river, including: one or more of water spinach, celery, lettuce, and watercress; Aquatic crops are planted in the river, including: one or more of rice, wheat, rapeseed; Flowers planted on the shore, including: one or more of jasmine, mastflower, peach blossom, bellflower, osmanthus, rhododendron, rose, peony, camellia, milanum, and chrysanthemum; Grass planted on the bank, including: one or more of elephant grass, ryegrass, knotgrass, oil grass, Sudan grass, small water banyan, iron crown, water grass, and water orchid; 2) Spreading of pest control: Apply pesticides on the planted plants, including: ferrous sulfate solution sprayed once every 4-6 days; Quicklime 15kg per mu, carbendazim 1kg, carry out soil disinfection per mu or 50% carbendazim 0.1-0.125% solution spray control, trichlorfon and marathon emulsion 0.1% solution, and water after inserting holes in the seedbed with bamboo sticks; Add 0.1-0.3% urea once every 7-15 days, apply 8 times in a row, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate once every 7 days in the middle, and spray 0.1-0.3% boric acid solution once every 8 days to promote The seedlings are strong and cold resistance is enhanced. The leaves are sprayed with micro-fertilizer boron to promote the growth of seedlings. The leaves are sprayed with trace elements zinc and magnesium to improve plant photosynthesis. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the equipment used for planting, flowers, vegetables and rice is: coiled pipe, foam board, floating board, steel wire rope, PVC white pipe, waterproof rope, stake, steel pipe One or more of them are respectively connected with cement pillars, wood piles and steel pipes with waterproof ropes, steel wire ropes and iron wires. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, it is more suitable for the river channel to be a small river or an inland river, and the water in a large river is too large to easily damage the planting equipment, and the water surface is not limited. Can.