CN1043641A - High-speed thermal spray powder is the method for fusible material not - Google Patents

High-speed thermal spray powder is the method for fusible material not Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1043641A
CN1043641A CN89109369A CN89109369A CN1043641A CN 1043641 A CN1043641 A CN 1043641A CN 89109369 A CN89109369 A CN 89109369A CN 89109369 A CN89109369 A CN 89109369A CN 1043641 A CN1043641 A CN 1043641A
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China
Prior art keywords
powder
combustion chamber
combustion
nozzle
coating
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CN89109369A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
安东尼·J·罗托利科
布顿·A·卡斯纳
安·阿力
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Applied Biosystems Inc
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Perkin Elmer Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/20—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion
    • B05B7/201—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle
    • B05B7/205—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle the material to be sprayed being originally a particulate material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
    • B05D1/08—Flame spraying
    • B05D1/10—Applying particulate materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/129—Flame spraying

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of method that produces compact toughness coating with thermic lance.Spray gun has a nozzle member and a gas cap.Gas cap is extended by nozzle and has an inside cylindrical wall, this cylindrical wall to form one and has an openend and be the combustion chamber of the opposite end on boundary with the nozzle.One combustion mixture annular flow is to be higher than atmospheric pressure two atmospheric pressure at least by the coaxial injection of nozzle combustion chamber, the annular outer layer air-flow of one compressed air gets close to cylindrical wall by nozzle and injects, powder particle is gone into the combustion chamber from the nozzle feeding coaxially, the coaxial input of one compressed air ring-type internal layer air-flow, a supersonic speed spraying plating air communication that contains powder are crossed the openend ejection and are produced a coating.

Description

High-speed thermal spray powder is the method for fusible material not
The present invention relates to thermal spray, particularly a kind of method of high-velocity combustion thermal spray powder.
Thermal spray, that is the flame coating that is commonly called as, but its step comprise with heat melt such as metal or ceramic fusion or to its thermal softening of major general, will be granular softener material then and advance (spray) to treat on the surface of spraying plating to one.This heated particles hit surface to be plated is chilling and bonding thereon.Use a thermal spraying gun to heat and to advance (injection) particle.A kind of thermic lance is arranged, and hot fusible material (form of powder) feed-in spray gun, these powder generally are made up of the granule between 100 order Unite States Standards sieve size (149 μ m) and about 2 μ m.The plasma torch that generally produces in order to the heat of spraying plating powder from a combustion flame or an electric arc.The carrier gas of carrying and transporting powder secretly can be one of burning gases or such as the nitrogen inert gas, also can use compressed air simply.
Obtained the high-quality coating of some material for thermal spraying and its method by high velocity jet.The plasma high velocity jet proves success in many aspects, but it has the shortcoming of the inhomogeneous and/or particle entrainment difference of heating, this because of powder laterally feed-in high speed plasma air-flow cause.United States Patent (USP) 2714563 and No. 29624420 (all being Poorman etc.) have disclosed a kind of detonation gun, and the material that will change into powder by a series of blasts for example ejects to produce coating in conjunction with the carbide of metal.High-speed impact by means of powder particle can obtain the coating of high density and toughness and owing to the dead time in the thermal treatment zone is shorter, reduce the oxidation effect under the high injection temperation condition to greatest extent.
A kind of rocket type dust gun can produce good metal and in conjunction with carbide (carbonization is closed as the tungsten) coating of metal, as United States Patent (USP) 3741792(Peck etc.) and 4416421(Browning) number described in.This type of spray gun has an inner combustion chamber, the latter to produce a high-pressure combustion flame to spray from the nozzle box.This flame of the horizontal feed-in of powder or nozzle box are heated and are sprayed by this combustion flame.
At French Patent (FRP) No.1041056 and United States Patent (USP) 2317173(Bleakly) in disclosed a kind of short nozzle coating apparatus of high speed spraying plating.Powder is by in feed-in one melter's combustion gas circulation axially, and a ring-type air flow along this locular wall body, coaxial injection outside this combustion-gas flow, and the injection stream of carrying heating powder secretly is then from the openend ejaculation of combustion chamber.
Because thermal spray need be with the fusion of spraying plating material or surface heat is softening at least, powder that can not fusion such as some carbide and nitride etc. does not mix binding agent in the material and just can not spraying plating become good coating.For example, as U.S. Patent No. 3254970(Dittrich) etc.) described in, it by with metallic cover outside molten metal material inner core not and form powder, perhaps act in a diametrically opposite way as U.S. Patent No. 3655425(Longo and Patel) as described in.Yet this combination utilizes traditional hot spray gun such as plasma or low speed burning just can not produce high-quality coating and optimal deposition.
Thermoplastic materials polymer powder such as polyethylene etc. melt easily, and manyly can be used for thermal spray.But the generally not fusion of thermosetting polymer powder can not decomposed earlier and/or oxidation under high thermal spray temperature at least.Some this powder thermosetting, as U.S. Pat No.3723165(Longo and Durman) as described in (having transferred this case applicant),, the polymer surfaces of each particle makes that but surface thermal softening, one of example are the polyester described in the U.S. No.3784405 patent (Ecomomy etc.) [Poly(paraoxy-benzoyl) ester] powder thereby can standing surface chemistry or physical modification.Done further explanation in above-mentioned U.S. Patent No. 3,723,165 first examples, this polyester can mix with Al alloy powder.This mixture of plasma spray coating can be used to produce the coating of denuding of usefulness such as steam turbine engine sealing like a bomb.Yet the basic non-melt of polymer still causes sputtering deposition efficient poor, even the high heat that has plasma gun to send.Sizable a part of polymers compositions still loses.Because this polymer phase is when expensive, so need the thermal spray of polymer-aluminium mixture be improved, people also wish the wearability and the corrosion resistance of this coating are improved always simultaneously.
Therefore, the modification method that the purpose of this invention is to provide the thermal spray of a kind of not melt material, but provide the high speed thermal spray method that contains the particle that can not dissolve component and thermal softening component, the modification method that contains not fusible particle coating with suitable cost spraying plating is provided, the method of the high-quality coating of some not fusible carbide of thermal spray and nitride is provided, also provides at last in order to produce the method for certain thermosetting plastics high-quality coating.
Above-mentioned and other purpose of the present invention produces the method for coating by a usefulness thermic lance and realizes.This thermic lance have one within it portion form the tube-like piece of a combustion chamber, it has one with supersonic speed combustion product to be injected into openend in the ambient air.This method comprises: the flammable mixture of combustion gas and oxygen is imported in this chamber, and the pressure in the chamber is higher than two atmospheric pressures of ambient atmosphere pressure at least; Will comprise that but having the powder feeding that heat endurance can not be melt into the particle of a branch and a heat softening ingredient goes in the combustion chamber; The combustion mixture in this chamber that burns contains the supersonic speed spraying plating air-flow of described powder from its port of export ejection, with spraying plating air-flow directive one base material to produce coating thereon.
In a most preferred embodiment, powder particle comprises the not composite granule of fusible mineral of a metal and, particularly with the form of the composite granule in the ore deposit (thing) of metal parcel.Preferably mineral are by choosing in graphite, diamond, not molten carbide and not molten nitride such as carborundum, silicon nitride, chromium nitride, boron nitride, aluminium carbide and the aluminium nitride etc.
Perhaps, powder particle comprises the thermosetting polymer pellet, is characterized in that the surface can be by flame modification and thermal softening.Preferably polymeric aggregate comprises polyester, and powder also comprises aluminium powder or acieral powder.
In a best approach, thermic lance comprises that one has the nozzle member of a nozzle face and extends a tubulose gas cap from nozzle member, and has an inside cylindrical wall and form a combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber has one to be the openend and an opposite end on boundary with the nozzle face.The method comprises: from the coaxial combustion chamber that is delivered to of nozzle, have the combustion mixture annular flow of combustible gas and oxygen at least the atmospheric pressure of being higher than two atmospheric pressure in the combustion chamber; Outside, adjacent cylindrical wall is injected the ring-shaped outer layer air-flow that does not fire gaseous mixture of compression in burning mixture circulation footpath; Will comprise that but the powder with thermally-stabilised not fusible core and thermal softening surface particles gone in the combustion chamber by the coaxial feeding of nozzle with a carrier gas stream; With the annular internal layer air-flow of a compressed gas by between the coaxial input of nozzle member combustion chamber combustion mixture and powder one carrier gas stream.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the embodiment of the invention is described in detail, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the front view of the used spray gun of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the cutaway view of Fig. 1 along the 2-2 line;
Fig. 3 is Fig. 2 fore-end enlarged drawing;
Fig. 4 is along the cutaway view of Figure 14-4 line and shows the schematic diagram of a powder feed system;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of Fig. 1 spray gun, and this spray gun produces a supersonic jet according to the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that Fig. 5 adds a base material.
Be used for realizing that an optimal heat coating apparatus of the present invention is disclosed in the U.S. and awaits the reply jointly in the patent No. 193030 (applying date: 1988.5.11 has transferred this case applicant), describe in detail here.Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show facing of this device and along the cutaway view of 2-2 line.Thermic lance 10 has a gas header 12, and the latter has one to be gas cap shape tubular piece 14 and to be installed on it.Spray gun also has a valve part 16 in order to fuel, and oxygen and air are delivered to gas header, one handle 17.Valve part 16 has a fuel gas hose coupling 18, an oxygen hose connector 19 and an air hose joint 20.Three joints link to each other with fuels sources 21, source of oxygen 22 and air source 24 with flexible pipe respectively.Aperture 25 in the column valve 26 is controlled the air-flow that is delivered to spray gun from each joint respectively.This valve and associated components can be the sort of types described in U.S. Patent No. 3530892, and the sealing device of each the air-flow part that contains a pair of valve rod 27 and comprise plunger 28, spring 29 and " O " type ring 30 is arranged.
Cylindric siphon pipe close 31 places in the respective aperture of gas header 12, and a plurality of " O " type ring 32 on it keeps hermetic seal.The siphon pipe close is provided with the pipe 33 of a band centre gangway 34, also has a cannelure 35 and a cannelure 36 and a plurality of interconnecting channel 38(to there is shown two passages in it).When column valve 26 was in as shown in Figure 2 open position, oxygen passes its joint 19 by a flexible pipe 40 and valve 26 enters a passage 42, from this inflow groove 35 and pass passage 38.One similarly arrangement is arranged in order to offer fuel gas, fuel gas enters groove 36 from source of the gas 21 by flexible pipe 46, joint 18, valve 26 and passage 48, with oxygen mix and pass the passage 50 that aligns with passage 38 as mixed airflow and enter a cannelure 52.Cannelure 52 is fed to mist in a plurality of passages 53 at nozzle member 54 rear portions.
See Fig. 3 for details.Nozzle member 54 equally divides 55 and one tubular outer to divide 56 to constitute by a tubular inner with common.(reach here " interior " used in claims mean towards axis and " outside " mean and leave axis." preceding " or " forward " means the openend towards rifle, and " back " " backwards " or " backwards " are then opposite.) described outer part 56 forms an outside small annular holes device so that combustion mixture circulation is injected the combustion chamber.Looping pit 57 before this little aperture apparatus preferably includes one, it has an outer wall 58 with the inside branch is the radially inner side on boundary.Aperture system from passage 53 to circular openings can be some arcs apertures at interval, but is preferably a small annular holes 59.
Therefore the mist that flows self-aligning annular groove 52 can flow through aperture 59 to produce an annular airflow of lighting in circular openings 57.One nozzle nut 60 is fixed on nozzle 54 and siphon pipe close 28 on the gas header 12, two other " O " type ring 61 routinely between nozzle 54 and siphon pipe close 31 to carry out hermetic seal.This burner noz(zle) 54 extends in the gas cap of being fixed by a clamping ring 64 14 and from nozzle and extends forward.
Nozzle member 54 also is provided with an axial hole 62 of using for the powder in the carrier gas stream and extends forward from tube passage 33.Perhaps, powder also can pass the minor diameter orifice ring injection of the aperture (figure does not go out) of a contiguous gun axis line 63.As shown in Figure 4, passage 64 extands rearward to powder joint 65 from managing 33.One carrier gas stream flexible pipe 66 and centre bore 62 can be accepted from powder feeder 67, be entrained in from the powder in for example compressed-air actuated carrier gas stream of compressed gas source 68.Powder feeder 67 can be tradition or desirable configuration but must send carrier gas stream with in the combustion chamber 82 of powder being sent into rifle 10 with sufficiently high pressure.
Now later referring to Fig. 2,3.Air or other non-combustible gas flow to space 71 in the clamping ring 64 from source of the gas 24 and flexible pipe 69 through its joint 20, column valve 26 and passage 70.The cross-drilled hole 72 of nozzle nut 60 is communicated with space 71 with throat less chamber 82 in the gas cap 14, thereby air can be used as a skin 71 flows through these cross-drilled holes 72 from the space, pass an interior cannelure 84 between cylindrical wall 86 of nozzle outer surface 54 and formation combustion chamber 82 then, the air-flow of groove 84 flows in this combustion chamber 82.When an annular outer layer air-flow mixed with this internal layer air-flow, this air-flow continued across chamber 82 and flows out from the openend 88 of gas cap 14.The relative rear end of chamber 82 is the boundary with the face 89 of nozzle 54.
Preferably combustion chamber 82 from nozzle sentence one and the angle of axis assemble forward, this angle is preferably between 2 °-10 °, as 5 °.The line of rabbet joint 84 also with one and the angle of axis assemble forward, angle is preferably between 12 °-16 °, as 14.5 °.The line of rabbet joint 84 also should have sufficient length to launch for ring-type air stream, as close with the length of chamber 82, but is greater than half of length 102 at least.In addition, chamber 82 Ying Yiyi assemble less than the angle of the line of rabbet joint 84, and angle is preferably between 8 °-12 ° as 10 °.This configuration provides an air of assembling with respect to chamber 82 to flow to reduce the accumulation of powder on locular wall to greatest extent.
Air velocity should be in the upstream of the line of rabbet joint 84, as controlling in a rear slot 92 or with an other airstream adjuster.The long 8mm of the line of rabbet joint for example, the wide 0.38mm of the line of rabbet joint delivers to the air of rifle and presses (source of the gas 24) to be 4.9kg/cm on the circle of 15mm 2(70 psi) is to produce 425std l/min(900 scfh) total air stream, the pressure in the chamber 82 is 4.2kg/cm(60 psi simultaneously).When valve 26 was in the ignition location of alignment transfer port (as described in above-mentioned U.S. Patent No. 3530892), an airport 90 of valve 26 allowed air stream lighting, and this to light and do not have tempering be important to allowing for above-mentioned angle and size.(the oxygen and the transfer port of fuel in order to igniting of valve 26 are similar to air-filled pore 90, do not draw among the figure).
The interior part 55 of nozzle member 54 has a plurality of endoporus 91(that are parallel to each other as 8 holes, diameter 0.89mm) on a bolt circle (as the 2.57mm diameter), the central feeding powder that the latter is wound from nozzle bore 62 provides airflow layer in the ring-type, preferably air layer.This air internal layer can significantly reduce the powder material and be piled up in any trend on the wall body 86.This layer of air can be with passage 70, through a conduit 93(Fig. 2) be tapped into an annular groove 94 around siphon pipe close 31 rear portions, and have at least an aperture 96 to enter the annulus 98 of an adjacent tube 33.Preferably at least three this aperture 96 even arcs are at interval providing enough air and to reduce eddy current to greatest extent, this eddy current otherwise can make powder unfriendly outwards 82 wall 86 turns round and round towards the chamber.The inner air flow should be between the 1%-10% of outer gas flow, is preferably 2%-5% according to appointment 3%, and inner air stream can be independent of outer gas flow and regulates in order to control separately in addition.
The possibility of powder accumulation is also reduced to greatest extent by the arrangement of part in the nozzle member 55, and part 55 is charged into chamber 82 outside before the part 56 in this shown in Fig. 2,3.Combustion chamber length 102 can be decided to be by nozzle face 89 to openend 88 promptly from nozzle foremost to the beeline of openend.The most preceding point on the interior part should stretch out between the 10-40% of chamber long 102 distance as 30% forward from outer part 56.
The optimum configuration of interior part is shown in Fig. 2,3.Divide wall 58 outside 55 referring to nozzle interior, it forms an annular aperture 57, this wall body 58 should with in one to the curvature of axis from circular openings to extension, this curvature is answered uniformity.For example as shown in the figure, this curvature forms semi-sphere 89 on interior part 58.Can infer combustion flame and therefore inwardly be drawn, make air-flow keep leaving locular wall 86.
As an example that is described in detail that uses thermal spraying gun of the present invention, siphon plug 31 has the oxygen channel 38 of 8 1.51mm can flow through the mixed gas passage 50 of enough oxygen and 1.51mm diameter.In this gas header, centre bore 62 diameters are 3.6mm, and gas cap openend 88 is a 0.95cm(length 102 from nozzle face).Therefore, also the combustion chamber 82 of entrained powder is shorter, the about 1-2 that generally should be openend 88 diameters doubly between.
Be delivered to each gas of throat less chamber and enough high pressure are arranged, as being higher than atmospheric pressure 30psi at least and using such as spark device and as usually, light a fire, thereby make combustion gas and AIR MIXTURES by the supersonic airstream ejection of openend as an entrained powder.The heat that burning produces at least can be with powder material thermal softening with deposition one coating on base material.Mach diamond should be can observe,, the extended pattern jet expansion need be do not used for obtaining supersonic jet because be the annular airflow configuration.
Combustion gas can be with propane or hydrogen etc., but the most handy propylene or allylene allene gas (" MPS ").The two kinds of gases in back can obtain higher speed spraying plating air-flow and high-quality coating and tempering can not take place.For example, as the about 7kg/cm of spray gun 2The propylene or the MPS of pressure (being higher than atmospheric pressure), 10kg/cm 2Oxygen and 5.6kg/cm 2Air when carrying out spraying plating, can in the spraying plating air-flow, see at least 8 Mach diamonds and not have the powder air-flow that Mach diamond 108 appearance in the spraying plating air-flow 110 are as shown in Figure 5.Position of the base material of spraying plating coating 114 is preferably in the 5th complete Mach diamond place on it, is about the spraying plating distance of 9cm as shown in Figure 6.
According to the inventive method, some powder is with carrying out thermal spray with the supersonic combustion spray gun.Although optimum device as above-mentioned, also available other supersonic spray gun of this method is as the spray gun as described in the above-mentioned U.S. Patent No. 4416421.Described some powder is the dusty material that contains heat endurance, non-melt component in those each powder pellets.Here and used in claims " thermally-stabilised " speech, mean and under the temperature and time condition of thermic lance flame, do not decompose substantially or the composition of oxidation; Equally, " non-melt (molten) " speech means in flame the composition of not fusion substantially.As test, this is not melt into part can send into thermic lance and spray, and collects then and checks its decomposition with microscope and/or metallographic method, oxidation or fusion.Become flatly as particle on the base material, then show its fusion.Therefore as material only to be viscosity softening and do not have the permission of particular melt point it becomes when flat at base material, then this material is the not melt of indication of the present invention.The another kind source that published fusing point handbook is the meltability data.
Can be used for one group of thermally-stabilised not melt material of the present invention and be not molten mineral.These materials such as graphite, bortz powder, not molten carbide such as carborundum, aluminium carbide and not molten nitride such as silicon nitride, chromium nitride, boron nitride, aluminium nitride etc.It is natural that mineral are not necessarily wanted.Carborundum and boron nitride are to be attached to mineral best in the coating.Melt material can not be the polyimides of heat-staple thermosetting polymer as not influenced by thermal spray flame except that skin effect.
According to the present invention, but molten mineral and fusible or the thermal softening composition is compound at least.General this composition is the alloy of conventional thermojet metal such as iron family element, molybdenum, aluminium, copper or these metals, also can be oxide such as aluminium oxide, titanium oxide, zirconia or chromium oxide or composite oxides.
Above-mentioned composite powder prepares with known or required method, for example, metal parcel mineral can be described in above-mentioned U.S. Patent No. 3254970 be wrapped in metal mineral core outer (as nickel package diamond), or as U.S. Patent No. 3655425 described in, thin mineral dust is wrapped in metal-cored going up (wrapping up nickel alloy) as boron nitride or as U.S. Patent No. 3617358(Dittrich) as described in the coalescent or jet drying of two fine powder compositions.
The second group of thermally-stabilised nonmetallic materials that can be used for the inventive method are made up of thermosetting polymer." thermosetting " here with claims in general reference by heat, catalyst or reaction and the hydrocarbon (plastics) of polymerization, carry out at flame of no use that this base polymer generally can be because of thermoplastic under the condition of some chemical modification.Above-mentioned U. S. application patent No.3723165 and 3784405 polyester and copolyester thereof belong to this group, and other comprises that as some epoxy resin and polyimides the powder of those incomplete polymerizations also belongs to this group.The characteristics of the polymer of these selections are to have only surface portion by the flame thermal softening.Perhaps, the surface is softening to be short time internalization modification in being exposed to thermal-flame, superficial layer is become at least portion of hot plasticity by thermosetting and obtains.Therefore, for by the claimed the present invention in power top, be to be still stablely can not be melt into branch but this superficial layer is a heat softening ingredient and fuse, although its initial particle is a homogeneous.Perhaps, not fusible thermosetting polymer can be by soluble polymer parcel or compound, as polyester or epoxy resin or the copolyester described in U.S. Patent No. 3784405 with polyamide, polyethylene or not exclusively polymerization.Can mix separately according to powder of the present invention and to carry out spraying plating with more conventional thermal spray material such as metal.Quite beat all is that the method for the above-mentioned powder of supersonic combustion spraying plating can obtain higher deposition efficiency, produces fine and close high-quality coating.It is surprised why high deposition efficiency makes us because in the flame particle brief stay time be considered to produce low deposition efficiency originally, especially be not melt into branch.Improved deposition efficiency has not only reduced cost but also can make the compound modification to realize specific coating component.
One preferred example is that heat stabilized polyester mixes with aluminium alloy, as described in following example 1.Conventional plasma spray coating, although high heat is arranged, alloy is still lost a large portion polyester relatively.General low speed burning spraying plating makes the polyester charing, perhaps obtains the relatively poor deposition of viscosity when heat is low.The supersonic combustion flame coating obtains high deposition rate, and the polyester ratio can lessly obtain a desirable special ratios in the original mixture in coating thereby make, and provides quality higher coating.
Example 1
One polyester plastics and aluminium alloy compound be as described in the example 1-A in the U.S. Patent No. 3723165, and plastic powders weight that different is in the compound is 30%, alloy is 70%.These plastics are the high temperature aromatic polyester, with brand name be " EKONOL " (TM), by Metaullics Division of the Carboundary Company, Sanborn, N.Y. sell, its size is-88+44 μ m, alloy is an aluminium 12%, and the silicon size is-44+10 μ m.
This compound is used in conjunction with the described most preferred embodiment device of Fig. 1-3 and is carried out spraying plating, be to use Perkin-Elmer Corporations (New York Westbury) sells, Metaullics Division of the Carboundary Compass specifically, Sanford N.Y., trade mark are Metco Type D J(TM) spray gun, this spray gun 3# insert (insett), 3# syringe, A# housing, 2# siphon plug and 2# gas cap.Oxygen 10.5kg/cm 2(100psig) and 212 l/min(450 scfh) propylene gas 7.0kg/cm 2(100psig) and 47 l/min(100scfh) air 5.3kg/cm 2(75psig) and 290 l/min(615 scfh).With the applicant's the U.S. Patent No. that awaits the reply jointly (attorney docket ME-388] described in, and the powder feeder of selling by Po Jin-Ai Ermo with Metco Type D J R trade mark, with powder mixture with 23gm/min(3 lb/hr) at 8.8kg/cm 2(125psig) and 7 l/min(15 scfh) the nitrogen carrier gas in feeding go into spray gun, spraying plating distance be 20cm, base material is the nickel alloy with sand blasting.
With usefulness 40% powder of example 1-A in the patent of ' 165 and making comparisons of spraying plating, this 40% powder is sold with " Metco 601 N S " trade mark by Po Jin-Ai Ermo, includes 40% molding powder and promptly compares big by 1/3 with present used 30% powder.40% powder of example 1-A carries out conventional plasma spray coating with argon hydrogen plasma gas.The deposition efficiency of 40% powder plasma spraying plating is 65% to 30% powder mixture with the deposition validity of supersonic combustion rifle spraying plating acquisition 85%.The prior fact is that this coating has essentially identical composition, has reflected with supersonic combustion rifle spraying plating 30% powdered plastic component to obtain deposition efficiency preferably.The corrosion resistance wearability of coating is also basic identical, porosity of high speed coating about 1% and evenly distribution, and plasma spray coating 40% powder is 5% inhomogeneous hole rate then.The high speed coating hardness is R15y 78-83, and 40% powder coating hardness is 65-75, and promptly coating is more even.
Example 2
Nickel bag silicon carbide powder is by-44+5 μ m, the silicon carbide powder preparation.It wraps up by the hydrogen reduction of the ammonia solution of nickel and ammonium sulfate with known manner with nickel, with the catalyst of anthraquinone as coating.Concrete method of spray plating sees U.S. Patent No. 3254970 for details.The powder that obtains contains 29%(weight) carborundum, 70% nickel is sieved to-53 μ m.
The powder that sieved is with the device spraying plating of example 1, usefulness be the 2# insert, 2# syringe, " A " housing, 2# siphon plug and 3# gas cap.Oxygen 10.5kg/cm 2(150psig) and 286 l/min(606 scfh), propylene 7.0kg/cm 2(100 psig) and 79 l/min(168 scfh), air 5.3kg/cm 2(75 psig) and 374 l/min(793 scfh).Powder feeder and carrier gas stream are identical with example 1, use 47gm/min(6 lb/hr) feed rate.The spraying plating distance is the 15cm(6 inch), base material is the mild steel with sand blasting.
This example obtains the coating of good densification, contain the high when equally distributed carborundum of percentage that keeps, metallographic detects nickel/silicon-carbide particle interface and does not find discernible embrittlement, and this situation often occurs in the common thermal spray coating of this kind material, obviously is owing to short cause of the time of staying in the flame in the material.
Example 3
As disclose in the U.S. Patent No. 3655425, nichrome core bag is with the powder of fine aluminum (3.5%), boron nitride (5.5%) gained, this powder is sold by Perkin-Elmer Corporations with Metco 301N S trade mark, with example 2 identical spray guns and similar parameters spraying plating, obtained to have the fine and close homogeneous coating of excellent resistance of corrosion and anti-wear performance.
Example 4
Aluminium-graphite composite powder is sold with Metco 310N S trade mark Perkin-Elmer Corporations, with thin aluminium 12% silicon (45+10 μ m) and 23% graphite powder and 8% organic binder bond by used coalescent the forming of method of powder for preparing example 3.This powder with example 2 in identical spray gun and similar parameter spraying plating, obtain to have the densification of excellent resistance of corrosion, anti-wear performance, coating uniformly.
Example 5
Replace polyester to repeat example 1 with the recurring unit of formula I, III and the IV of description in the U.S. Patent No. 3784405 and with the copolyester that the Xydar trade mark is sold by Darrco Manufacturing Inc.Augusta Georgia, obtain equifinality.
Although below the present invention is described in detail in conjunction with the embodiments, but for person skilled in the art, in the spiritual essential scope of the present invention and appended claims, it is conspicuous can carrying out multiple variation and improve this point, so the present invention is only limited by claims or its institute of equal value.

Claims (16)

1, a kind of that produce with thermic lance, contain the not method of fusible material coating; Combuster device in the described spray gun, wherein have a combustion chamber and open wide channel with the combustion product supersonic velocity to ambient air, described method comprises: but will have a thermally-stabilised powder particle of a branch and a heat softening ingredient that can not be melt into by described unlimited channel feed-in; Burn with the combustion mixture injection combustion chamber of burning gases and oxygen and in the chamber, the pressure of gaseous mixture in the combustion chamber should be enough to produce the supersonic speed spraying plating air-flow that contains powder by described unlimited channel; Reach described spraying plating air-flow directive one base material to produce coating thereon.
2, a kind of method that produces coating with thermic lance, described spray gun has a tube-like piece that wherein forms a combustion chamber, the latter have an openend in order to combustion product with supersonic velocity in ambient air, described method comprises: the combustion mixture of combustion gas and oxygen is input in the combustion chamber to be higher than ambient atmosphere pressure two atmospheric pressure in the combustion chamber at least; Will comprise that but having a powder thermally-stabilised, that can not be melt into the particle of a branch and a heat softening ingredient is fed into the combustion chamber; The combustion mixture that in the combustion chamber, burns, thus produce that the supersonic speed spraying plating air communication that contains described powder is crossed described openend ejection and with described spraying plating air-flow directive one base material to produce a coating thereon.
3, method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described combustion mixture with in the spraying plating air-flow, under the situation that does not have powder and carrier gas feeding, produces at least 8 visible Mach diamonds with enough pressure inputs combustion chamber.
4, as method as described in the claim 3, it is characterized in that also comprising: selective combustion gas from the gas group of forming by propylene gas and allylene allene gas.
5, as method as described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that, described powder particle be selected from take place the flame burning mixture and (a) comprise a metal and not fusible mineral composite granule and (b) available flame make it the softening thermosetting polymer pellet of surface heat.
6,, it is characterized in that described powder particle comprises the composite granule of molten mineral of a metal and as method as described in the claim 2.
As method as described in the claim 6, it is characterized in that 7, described mineral are selected from graphite, diamond, not fusible carbide and not fusible nitride.
8, as method as described in the claim 6, it is characterized in that described mineral are selected from graphite, diamond, carborundum, silicon nitride, chromium nitride, boron nitride, aluminium carbide and aluminium nitride.
9, method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, described mineral mainly are made up of boron nitride and metal comprises nickel or cobalt or their alloy.
10, as method as described in the claim 6, it is characterized in that described mineral mainly are made up of carborundum and metal comprises nickel or cobalt or their alloy.
11, method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described ignition mixture generation flame and thermosetting polymer pellet that it is characteristics that powder particle comprises with the available flame thermal softening in surface.
12, method as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that described polymeric aggregate comprises polyester (Poly(paraoxybenzoyl) ester).
13, method as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that described polymeric aggregate mainly is made of polyester.
14, method as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that described polymeric aggregate mainly is made of the copolyester of this polyester.
15, as method as described in the claim 11, it is characterized in that described powder also comprises aluminium powder or acieral powder.
16, a kind of method that produces compact toughness coating with thermic lance, described spray gun comprises a Spray gun nozzle spare, the latter has a nozzle face, one tubulose gas cap is by the nozzle member extension and an inside cylindrical wall is arranged, it is the combustion chamber of the opposite end on boundary with the nozzle face that the latter is formed with an openend and, described method comprises: the circulation of the combustion mixture of combustion gas and oxygen is axially injected the combustion chamber from nozzle, and the pressure in the combustion chamber is higher than at least with one is higher than two atmospheric pressure of atmospheric pressure at least; In combustion mixture footpath outwards, get close to cylindrical wall inject compression, non flammable mixture ring-shaped outer layer air-flow; But the particle powder that will comprise thermally-stabilised not fusible inner core and thermal softening surface in a carrier gas by nozzle axially feeding go into the combustion chamber; With a compressed gas internal layer annular airflow by nozzle member coaxial input combustion chamber between combustion mixture and carrier gas-powder; The burning combustion mixture penetrates through openend thereby contain the supersonic speed spraying plating air-flow that segments hot fusible material; And with spraying plating air-flow directive one base material to produce a coating thereon.
CN89109369A 1988-12-28 1989-12-13 High-speed thermal spray powder is the method for fusible material not Pending CN1043641A (en)

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US290,928 1988-12-28

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CN1068387C (en) * 1994-06-24 2001-07-11 普拉塞尔·S·T·技术有限公司 A process for producing an oxide dispersed mcraly-based coating
CN106583079A (en) * 2016-12-03 2017-04-26 天长市金陵电子有限责任公司 Novel plastic spraying gun with preheating function

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CN1065570C (en) * 1994-06-24 2001-05-09 普拉塞尔·S·T·技术有限公司 A process for producing carbide particles dispersed in a mcraly-based coating
CN1068387C (en) * 1994-06-24 2001-07-11 普拉塞尔·S·T·技术有限公司 A process for producing an oxide dispersed mcraly-based coating
CN106583079A (en) * 2016-12-03 2017-04-26 天长市金陵电子有限责任公司 Novel plastic spraying gun with preheating function

Also Published As

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EP0375931A2 (en) 1990-07-04
DE68925414T2 (en) 1996-05-23
JPH02221362A (en) 1990-09-04
EP0375931B1 (en) 1996-01-10
JP2924971B2 (en) 1999-07-26
CA2002497A1 (en) 1990-06-28
DE68925414D1 (en) 1996-02-22
EP0375931A3 (en) 1991-10-30
BR8906845A (en) 1990-09-25

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