CN104360478B - Nested double-self-adaptive optical system - Google Patents
Nested double-self-adaptive optical system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104360478B CN104360478B CN201410723037.7A CN201410723037A CN104360478B CN 104360478 B CN104360478 B CN 104360478B CN 201410723037 A CN201410723037 A CN 201410723037A CN 104360478 B CN104360478 B CN 104360478B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nested double-self-adaptive optical system which comprises a telescope, a beam shrinking system, a beacon light source, a spectroscope, two wavefront probes, two wavefront correctors, two wavefront controllers, an imaging system and the like. The system is characterized by mainly comprising inner and outer channel self-adaptive optical systems, wherein the inner channel self-adaptive optical system is used for correcting inner dynamic aberration disturbances caused by factors such as inner airflow movement and foundation vibration, and the outer channel self-adaptive optical system is used for correcting atmosphere turbulences and correcting residual signals corrected by the inner channel self-adaptive optical system for the second time. The system disclosed by the invention has smaller residual signal variance compared with the residual signal variance of the conventional self-adaptive optical system used for simultaneously correcting the inner dynamic aberration disturbances and atmosphere turbulences.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, particularly can overcome conventional ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS while being subject to
Outside atmosphere turbulent perturbation and dynamic significantly internal aberrations disturbing influence when the not enough shortcoming of calibration capability, improve system
A kind of nested double adaptive optical system of performance, belongs to adaptive optical technique field.
Background technology
Adaptive optics are the excellent technicals of a wave front aberration being used in real-time detection and correcting optical system.Its base
Present principles are, using Wavefront sensor measuring wavefront aberrations, to calculate the control signal of wave-front corrector by certain control algolithm
To adjust its face shape, so as to aberration for compensation.Astronomical observation be an adaptive optical technique earliest by the field of Successful utilization, its
Purpose is to eliminate the wavefront distortion caused by atmospheric turbulance.With the continuous development of this gate technique, it is also commonly used for laser light
Beam is adjusted, the aspect such as FSO and human eyesight improvement.In addition to atmospheric turbulance, system is subjected to due to interior
The impact of the dynamic aberration (interior disturbance) that the factor such as portion's air motion and ground vibrations causes.Compared with atmospheric turbulance, the former
Generally have that forcing frequency is low, the characteristic such as amplitude is big.
Conventional ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS is mainly by a Wavefront sensor, a wavefront controller and a wave-front corrector
Composition.At present, it is general using disturbance and atmospheric turbulance in the correction simultaneously of conventional ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, but work as interior strength of turbulence
Greatly, when frequency is higher, the rejection ability deficiency internally disturbed due to system can be caused to cause calibration result from meeting requirement.Newly
Type ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS often has multiple wave-front correctors, for example, in order to meet the requirement in astronomical observation to big visual field,
Dicke most proposed multi-conjugate adaptive optics system, (R.Dicke, " Phase-contrast early in 1988
detection of telescope seeing errorsand their correction,”Astrophys.J.198,
605-615 (1975) .) it using positioned at different altitude height wave front detector detect respective heights layer atmospheric turbulance, and
Correction is compensated with multiple wave-front correctors with each layer conjugation.Additionally, the big stroke and sky in order to overcome wave-front corrector
Between high-resolution contradiction between the two cause the problem of undercorrection, Hu Shijie of Photoelectric Technology Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences et al.
The patent of invention of entitled " a kind of double wave front calibrator self-adaptive optical system " (application number 200510011422.X) is proposed,
One is given respectively by big low order aberration and relatively small higher order aberratons, and there is big stroke, the wavefront correction of low spatial frequency
Device and one there is little stroke, the wave-front corrector of high spatial frequency is corrected.However, than with conventional AO systems, this
The multiple wave-front corrector structural system complexities of two classes increase primarily to with difference calibration capabilities wavefront correction
Device goes to tackle the wave front aberration caused with different qualities atmospheric turbulance, and the internally impact of disturbance lacks and targetedly designs.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is：Overcome conventional ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS to work as and there is significantly internal dynamic picture
During difference disturbance, the problems such as calibration capability is not enough, adopt a kind of collaborative work of nested double adaptive optical system to eliminate interior disturbance
With the impact of atmospheric turbulance.The system by a set of independent special correction internal aberrations disturbance internal channel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS and
A set of correction atmospheric turbulance aberration disturbance, while inward passage ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS correction residue signal carries out secondary correction
Outer tunnel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS is constituted.
The present invention solves the technical scheme of above-mentioned technical problem employing：A kind of nested double adaptive optical system, it is main
Telescope to be included, beacon light source, spectroscope, two wave front detectors, two wave-front correctors, two wavefront controllers, into
As system；Its feature is the beacon light source, the first wave-front corrector, the first wave front detector and the first wavefront controller group
Into internal channel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, its operation wavelength is λ1；Second wave-front corrector, the second wave front detector and second
Wavefront controller constitutes outer tunnel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, and its operation wavelength is λ2；Beacon beam is disturbed by internal system aberration
Impact, the remaining wavefront signals after the correction of the first wave-front corrector reach the second spectroscope, and part energy is through instead
Outer tunnel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS is entered after penetrating, another part energy enters detector before first wave, first wave after transmission
The information input that front detector is detected obtains the control of the first wave-front corrector after control is calculated to the first wavefront controller
Voltage signal processed, so as to complete the closed-loop corrected of the internal disturbance of internal channel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS；Telescope is received by air
The target light of Turbulent Flow Effects, after shrink beam system, by after the first dichroic mirror enter outer tunnel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, its
With corrector, corrected rear residual wave before superimposed rear arrival ripple second before internal channel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS correction residual wave
Front signal reaches the 3rd spectroscope, and part energy enters imaging system after reflection, and another part energy is after transmission
Into the second wave front detector, the information input detected by the second wave front detector is also passed through to the second wavefront controller
After control is calculated, the control voltage signal of the second wave-front corrector is obtained, so as to outer tunnel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS is rapid to air
The secondary correction of the closed-loop corrected and internal disturbance of stream；Described two channel adaptive optical systems can work independently, if
Without internal channel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, internal aberrations disturbance will be corrected in the lump by outer tunnel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS；If two
Passage is worked simultaneously, enters outer together with the disturbance of atmospheric turbulance aberration before the residual wave after the correction of internal channel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS
Channel adaptive optical system is further corrected, and forms nested structure.
Further, what the control was calculated realizes that step is as follows：
Step (1), system all parts transfer function model is established by Analysis on Mechanism or system identifying method；Assume
Wave front detector, wavefront controller, the transmission function of wave-front corrector are respectively W (s), C (z), D (s)；Real system is discrete
Time sampling system, the control signal of digital wavefront controller need to be converted to continuous signal through zero-order holder, while can
So that the deformation action of wavefront controller is simulated with zero-order holder；
Step (2), the respective sample frequency of setting internal and external channel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS；
Step (3), according to a kind of operation principle of nested double adaptive optical system, set up the control structure mould of system
Type, and derive the expression formula of the final correction residue signal of system；
Step (4), the power spectrum for according to the detection information of wave front detector, calculating atmospheric turbulance and interior disturbance, and estimate
Calculate the signal to noise ratio in inside and outside channel adaptive optical system；
Step (5), the optimal control parameter for calculating wavefront controller so that system obtains residual on the premise of steady operation
Remaining signal variance is minimum.
Further, the operating sampling frequency of the inside and outside channel adaptive optical system can be differed.
Further, the wave front detector includes curvature sensor, Hartmann shark type sensor.
Further, the wave-front corrector includes piezoelectric ceramics continuous modification reflecting mirror, or liquid crystal spatial modulator, or
Micro-electromechanical film deformation reflection mirror, or Bimorph deformation reflection mirrors.
The present invention has the following advantages compared with prior art：
(1), in the present invention, internal channel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS specially corrects low frequency significantly internal aberrations disturbance, outer tunnel
ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS is superimposed with atmospheric turbulance aberration wavefront before correcting the former residual wave, is overcome
During state internal aberrations, conventional ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS causes calibration result meet requirement its rejection ability deficiency to lack
Point.
(2), in the present invention, inside and outside two channel adaptive optical systems work independently, can be according to the bar of actual working environment
Part chooses whether that using internal channel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS this is caused on the basis of original system is not changed, and flexibly can adjust
Whole system structure is adapting to the change of external environment condition.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of nested double adaptive optical system principle schematic in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of control system block diagram of nested ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is simplified control system block diagram；
Fig. 4 is disturbed for internal dynamic aberration；
Fig. 5 is disturbed for outside atmosphere turbulent flow aberration；
Fig. 6 is conventional ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS correction residue signal；
Fig. 7 is the correction residue signal of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment further instruction the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of nested double adaptive optical system, including telescope 1, shrink beam system 2, beacon light source 3, the
One spectroscope 4, the second spectroscope 6 and the 3rd spectroscope 10, the first wave-front corrector 5, the second wave-front corrector 9, before first wave
Detector 7 and the second wave front detector 11, the first wavefront controller 8 and the second wavefront controller 12, imaging system 13 etc., which is special
Point is the beacon light source 3, and the first wave-front corrector 5, the first wave front detector 7 and the first wavefront controller 8 constitute interior logical
Road ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, its operation wavelength are λ1；Second wave-front corrector 9, the second wave front detector 11 and the second ripple
Front controller 12 constitutes outer tunnel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, and its operation wavelength is λ2.Beacon beam is disturbed by internal system aberration
Impact, the remaining wavefront signals after the first wave-front corrector 5 is corrected reach the second spectroscope 6, part energy process
After reflection enter outer tunnel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, another part energy after transmission enter first wave before detector 7, first
The information input that wave front detector 7 is detected obtains the first wave-front corrector to the first wavefront controller 8 after control is calculated
5 control voltage signal, so as to complete the closed-loop corrected of the internal disturbance of internal channel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS.Telescope 1 is received and is received
To the target light that atmospheric turbulance affects, after shrink beam system 2, outer tunnel adaptive optical after being reflected by the first spectroscope 4, is entered
System, reaches corrector 9 before ripple second after which is superimposed before correction residual wave with internal channel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, through school
After just, remnants wavefront signals reach the 3rd spectroscope 10, and part energy enters imaging system 13, another part after reflection
Energy enters the second wave front detector 11 after transmission, and the information input detected by the second wave front detector 11 is to the second ripple
Front controller 12, after also passing through ripple control calculating, obtains the control voltage signal of the second wave-front corrector, so as to outer tunnel certainly
Secondary correction of the adaptive optics system to the closed-loop corrected and internal disturbance of atmospheric turbulance.Two passages work independently, if not having
There is internal channel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, internal aberrations disturbance will be corrected in the lump by outer tunnel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS；If two lead to
Road is worked simultaneously, enters outer logical together with the disturbance of atmospheric turbulance aberration before the residual wave after the correction of internal channel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS
Road ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS is further corrected, and forms nested structure.The control voltage of the wave-front corrector is calculated to be needed
The conditions such as system signal noise ratio to be considered, operating sampling frequency and controller parameter, only under suitable working condition,
A kind of nested double adaptive optical system could be obtained than the more preferable calibration result of conventional ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS.With reference to attached
Figure explanation selects the principle and method of suitable working condition.
Fig. 2 gives a kind of control block diagram of nested ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS.In each part composition in inner dotted line frame
Channel adaptive optical system, main correction internal aberrations disturbance rinPart composition outer tunnel in remaining outer dashed line frame is adaptive
Optical system is answered, main correction outside atmosphere turbulent perturbation ratmAnd e1Superposition value.Nested for two passages of clear explanation is closed
System, Fig. 3 give brief control block diagram.N is respectively the measurement noise of the first Wavefront sensor 7 and the second Wavefront sensor 11, y
For the compensation dosage of system, e is the residue signal after system correction of a final proof.The transmission function difference of first, second Wavefront sensor
For W1(s) and W (s).Delay modules and Delay1 modules represent respectively in outer, interior two channel adaptive optical systems due to
The time delay that data read-out and control voltage calculating etc. cause, its transmission function are respectively L (s) and L1S (), s are general to draw
Laplacian operater.Controller is that the transmission function of discrete form, the first wavefront controller 8 and the second wavefront controller 12 is respectively C
(z) and C1Z (), z are transform operator.Discrete signal is simultaneously converted to continuous letter by the deformation action of zero-order holder ZOH simulation DM
Number.
The transmission function of system components is respectively：
Wherein, T and T1Respectively outward, the sampling time of internal channel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS.Outward, internal channel adaptive optics
System open loop transmission function G (s) and G1S () is respectively：
G (s)=W (s) L (s) C (s) D (s) (5)
G1(s)=W1(s)L1(s)C1(s)D1(s) (6)
Internal channel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS corrects residual error e1For：
As two passages have similarity, regard the input of outer tunnel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS as e1And ratmSum,
Then the final correction residue signal of system is：
So as to,
Easily draw, ratm, n, rin, n1Transmission function S between output residual signals eatm(f), Natm(f), Sin(f)
And NinF () is respectively：
Assume orthogonal two-by-two, then the total residue signal variance of system is：
Wherein,Disturbance r is represented respectivelyinAnd ratmPower spectral density function.Noise is represented respectively
n1With the power spectral density function of n.
According to the result of (14) formula, S can be calculatedatm(f)、Natm(f)、Sin(f) and Nin(f) suitable bandwidth so that be
Total variance for correcting residue signal under the conditions of different atmospheric turbulance disturbances, internal aberrations disturbance and signal to noise ratio unite most
It is little, further can determine the parameter of the operating sampling frequency and controller of two channel adaptive optical systems.Give below
Go out the result of a kind of nested double adaptive optics correction internal aberrations disturbance and outside atmosphere turbulent perturbation：
It is zero that internal aberrations are disturbed by an average, and variance isWhite Gaussian noise ω to encourage cut-off frequency be f0
Low-pass first order filter produce.Atmospheric turbulance to meeting Kolmogorov statistical law characteristics, Fried constant r0=
5.2cm, Greenwood frequency.DefinitionFor internal aberrations disturbance and the ratio of the variance of outside atmosphere turbulent perturbation, table
Show interior disturbance and atmospheric turbulance mean power relative size.Detection noise is assumed to be the white Gaussian noise that average is zero.Internal channel
ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS signal to noise ratio snrin=50, outer tunnel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS signal to noise ratio snratm=6.Table 1 gives one kind
Nested double adaptive optical system is contrasted with the calibration result of conventional list ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS.Wherein, inside and outside channel sample frequency
Rate is respectively Fs1=2000Hz, Fs2=500Hz, conventional AO system sampling frequencies Fs=500Hz.
1 F of tables1=2000Hz, Fs2=500Hz, Fs=500Hz, conventional AO compare (1) with nested double AO calibration results
Non-elaborated part of the present invention belongs to the known technology of those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of nested double adaptive optical system, including telescope (1), shrink beam system (2), beacon light source (3), the first light splitting
Mirror (4), the second spectroscope (6), the 3rd spectroscope (10), the first wave front detector (7), the second wave front detector (11), first
Wave-front corrector (5), the second wave-front corrector (9), the first wavefront controller (8), the second wavefront controller (12) and imaging system
System (13)；It is characterized in that：The beacon light source (3), the first wave-front corrector (5), the first wave front detector (7) and first wave
Front controller (8) constitutes internal channel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, and its operation wavelength is λ1；Second wave-front corrector (9), the second wavefront
Detector (11) and the second wavefront controller (12) composition outer tunnel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, its operation wavelength is λ2；Beacon beam
Affected by the disturbance of internal system aberration, the remaining wavefront signals after the first wave-front corrector (5) correction reach second
Spectroscope (6), part energy enter outer tunnel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS after reflection, and another part energy is after transmission
Into the first wave front detector (7), remaining wavefront signals, the first wavefront controller (8) are detected by the first wave front detector (7)
(5) control signal of first wave-front corrector is calculated according to this detection information through control, it is adaptive so as to complete internal channel
Answer the closed-loop corrected of the internal disturbance of optical system；Telescope (1) receives the target light of atmospheric turbulance impact, through shrink beam system
(2), after, outer tunnel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, itself and internal channel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS after being reflected by the first spectroscope (4), are entered
The second wave-front corrector of superimposed rear arrival (9) before residual wave after correction, corrected rear remnants wavefront signals reach the 3rd
Spectroscope (10), part energy enter imaging system (13) after reflection, and another part energy enters the after transmission
Two wave front detectors (11), by the corrected rear remnants wavefront signals of the second wave front detector (11) detection, the control of the second wavefront
Device (12) is also passed through after control calculating according to this detection information, obtains the control voltage signal of the second wave-front corrector (9), from
And complete secondary correction of the outer tunnel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS to the closed-loop corrected and internal disturbance of atmospheric turbulance.
2. a kind of nested double adaptive optical system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The reality that the control is calculated
Existing step is as follows：
Step (1), system all parts transfer function model is established by Analysis on Mechanism or system identifying method；
Step (2), the respective sample frequency of setting internal and external channel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS；
Step (3), according to the operation principle of described a kind of nested double adaptive optical system, set up the control structure mould of system
Type, and derive the expression formula of the final correction residue signal of system；
Step (4), the power spectrum for according to the detection information of wave front detector, calculating atmospheric turbulance and interior disturbance, and in estimating,
Signal to noise ratio in outer tunnel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS；
Step (5), according to the characteristic of internal disturbance and atmospheric turbulance, and the noise of inside and outside two channel adaptives optical system
Ratio characteristic, with reference to the result in step (3), calculates the optimal control parameter of wavefront controller so that system is in steady operation
Under the premise of, obtain residue signal variance minimum.
3. a kind of nested double adaptive optical system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：First Wavefront detecting
Device and the second wave front detector include curvature sensor or Hartmann shark type sensor.
4. a kind of nested double adaptive optical system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：First wavefront correction
Device and the second wave-front corrector include piezoelectric ceramics continuous modification reflecting mirror or Bimorph deformation reflection mirrors.
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| CN109597198B (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2021-03-16 | 中国科学院紫金山天文台 | Composite factor optimization method based on active optical system of astronomical telescope |
| CN110824697B (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2021-07-13 | 重庆工商大学 | Self-adaptive optical system combining artificial beacon and wavefront-free detection |
| CN111913189B (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2023-06-20 | 深圳元戎启行科技有限公司 | Light emitting device and imaging device based on wavefront detection |
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