CN104359420B - Tool wear three-dimensional shape measuring method based on laser displacement sensor scanning - Google Patents
Tool wear three-dimensional shape measuring method based on laser displacement sensor scanning Download PDFInfo
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- CN104359420B CN104359420B CN201410621567.0A CN201410621567A CN104359420B CN 104359420 B CN104359420 B CN 104359420B CN 201410621567 A CN201410621567 A CN 201410621567A CN 104359420 B CN104359420 B CN 104359420B
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- interpolation
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- displacement sensor
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Abstract
The invention relates to a tool wear three-dimensional shape measuring method based on laser displacement sensor scanning. A laser displacement sensor is used to scan a wear area of a tool line by line so that height information of each point in the wear area is obtained. For the fact that spacing of lines is large and the lines are insufficiently continuous, an interpolation method based on a height average and an actual height difference is provided to subject the points among the scanned lines to interpolation, the post-interpolation line spacing is made equal to spacing of the points under transverse scanning, and height information of all points acquired by measuring and interpolation is subjected to three-dimensional reconstruction; the three-dimensional shape of the wear area is restored, the three-dimensional shape of the wear area can thus be mastered visually and specifically, and finally the wear degree can be quantitatively assessed and analyzed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of engineering detecting field, it is based particularly on the tool wear three-dimensional of laser displacement sensor scanning
The measuring method of pattern.
Background technology
Tool wear has important impact to surface of the work crudy.In recent years, studies in China person Cutter wear
State inspection has carried out numerous studies, and these researchs are primarily intended to three below aspect: (1) is to cutter in working angles
The chip of middle generation measures, and the method is a kind of indirect measurement method, is still in theoretical research stage；(2) supervision is specific
Lathe parameter, for judging the abrasion condition of cutter, be also a kind of indirect measurement method although operation is relatively easy to, but
Precision is not high；(3) directly cutter is observed, although the method operation precision is higher, it is more difficult to realize.
The eroded area of cutter concentrates on micron-sized research range, puts forward higher requirement thus for measurement.Mesh
Before, the application due to 3-D measuring apparatus limits, and is confined to two-dimensional appearance always by the tool wear analysis of image procossing
In analysis, the formulation of blunt standard is also only limitted to the tolerance of planar parameter aspect, such as: the crescent hollow abrasion of rake face is deep
Degree kt, corner wear maximum vc, main line wear extent vn, wear of the tool flank width vb.And for tool wear degree more
The understanding of deep degree is it should be understood that the three-dimensional appearance of eroded area.
The three-dimensional reconstruction in tool wear region belongs to the category of microscopic three-dimensional surface reconstruction.Traditional three-dimensional rebuilding method ratio
As the method for binocular vision, due to the background of microphotograph with structural relation is simple, the reason such as contrast is low, optical distortion is difficult to
Determine characteristic point and effectively mated；Structural light three-dimensional method for reconstructing is again complicated due to system structure, demarcates difficulty etc. former
More difficult because promoting, additionally, the research of the three-dimensional reconstruction in domestic and international Cutter wear region is all rarely reported.
Content of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of tool wear three based on laser displacement sensor scanning
The measuring method of dimension pattern.
The measuring method of the tool wear three-dimensional appearance based on laser displacement sensor scanning of the present invention, including with
Lower step:
(1) with the laser displacement sensor being fixed on telecontrol equipment, the eroded area of cutter is progressively scanned；
(2) to the click-through row interpolation between each row of scanning；
(3) three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out to the data after final interpolation so that the three-dimensional appearance of tool wear obtains with matlab
To reduce.
Laser displacement sensor and telecontrol equipment are controlled using Programmable Logic Controller simultaneously.
Used during to click-through row interpolation between each row of scanning utilization based on height average and actual height it
The interpolation method of difference, it is all to start interpolation calculation from the middle part of two row, step by step down interpolation.
Take base line on a longitudinal cross-section tool wear face actual curve and with its every a line base line, will both bottoms
Portion is connected with straightway, and this line is intersected at a point with the actual scanning row in this longitudinal cross-section, remembers in this point and this section
The actual height difference δ h of base line；Next row interpolation is entered in the actual scanning row middle part adjacent to this two: will be inserted
The bottom of the base line of value row both sides is connected with straightway, extends downwardly the distance of δ h/2, that is, complete this point in the middle part of straightway
Height interpolation.
According to above-mentioned steps, successively down calculate interpolation, all row until completing all interpolation in this section, after interpolation
In, the distance between adjacent with during transversal scanning 2 points of distance of adjacent rows is equal.
Obtain a matrix after interpolation is complete, all numerical value in matrix represent the height value of the point in scanning area, use
The data that matlab represents height value to these carries out three-dimensional reconstruction, the final three-dimensional appearance figure reducing tool wear region.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is tool wear schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is to be scanned schematic diagram with laser displacement sensor Cutter wear region on lathe；
Fig. 3 be with laser displacement sensor scan cutter retouch path schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the interpolation method schematic diagram of the difference based on height average and actual height.
Specific embodiment
With reference to Figure of description, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
The present invention relates to a kind of measuring method of the tool wear three-dimensional appearance based on laser displacement sensor scanning, pass through
With laser displacement sensor, the eroded area of cutter is progressively scanned, respectively obtain the height of many places point in tool wear region
Degree information, with regard to the larger not continuous situation that seems of span between each row, proposes one kind here and is based on height average and reality
The interpolation method of the difference of height is to the click-through row interpolation between each row of scanning so that the line-spacing after interpolation is each with during transversal scanning
The distance between point is equal, the measurement obtaining and interpolation are obtained elevation information a little carry out three-dimensional reconstruction, finally
Can be reduced with the concrete three-dimensional appearance in Cutter wear region, can be had one to the three-dimensional appearance of the eroded area of cutter
Image, specific assurance, can have the analysis and assessment of a quantitation to the degree of wear.
The present invention can detect rake wear 1 as shown in Figure 1, main wear of the tool flank 2 and minor flank mill simultaneously
Damage 3.
Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2 first tested cutter 6 is placed on workbench 7, laser displacement sensor 5 is fixing
Control telecontrol equipment 4 in plc, control the motion of telecontrol equipment 4 and low-light displacement transducer 5 to sweep by Programmable Logic Controller simultaneously
Trace the startup of record so that laser displacement sensor can progressively scan to the cutter of abrasion according to specified path, it is swept
The path retouched, as shown in figure 3, transversal scanning first, starts laser displacement sensor starting while plc controls telecontrol equipment 4
5 scanning record operation, during scanning, laser displacement sensor 5 is by with fixing frequency record laser displacement sensor
With cutter mill the distance between.First time lateral separation has been swept rear Controlled by Programmable Controller laser displacement sensor 5 and has been stopped note
Record, and preserve, with computer, the data that just scanning survey arrives, it is oblique that next Programmable Logic Controller continuation controls telecontrol equipment 4 to occur
Move so that laser displacement sensor 5 is directed at the position of the beginning of next line, start telecontrol equipment 4 in Programmable Logic Controller
When moving right, laser displacement sensor will be activated simultaneously start scanning record, be carried out with this, until scanning through last
Row is so that the eroded area of cutter has been scanned finishing.
During being scanned recording distance with laser displacement displacement transducer 5, in order to improve precision, can be suitable
Improve its record frequency so that scanning each point between actual range very little, if the movement velocity of telecontrol equipment 4 is
1mm/s, the recording frequency of laser displacement sensor is 1000hz, then the actual range between each point of its scanning is
0.001mm, if even so, the distance between each row of scanning is also 0.001mm, then the fore-and-aft distance of scanning 1mm needs
Particles 1000 times, this will be a very time consuming process, so that the measurement process of whole tool wear is become
Obtain efficiency very low, and workload is excessive.
For improving measurement efficiency it is necessary to increase the distance between each row of scanning, reduce the number of times of longitudinal scanning.With this side
Method, while improving scan efficiency, can expose another problem, that is, in the data of the matrix form that Multiple-Scan obtains, laterally
And longitudinal direction between representative actual range inconsistent so that three-dimensional reconstruction cannot be carried out, therefore here must to scanning each
The data of the disappearance between row enters the operation of row interpolation so that representative between horizontal and vertical in the data of final matrix form
Actual range consistent, the three-dimensional reconstruction for later stage tool wear face provides reliable data.
Existing interpolation method species is various at present, and simplest interpolation method is no more than linear interpolation, but this slotting
Its defect of value method is also it will be apparent that its error is very big under most occasions, simultaneously takes account of interpolation efficiency
And interpolation precision, between a kind of each row to scanning for the present invention interpolation method based on height average and the difference of actual height of offer
Click-through row interpolation.
First have to explanation is a little that, for irregular curve, any interpolation method is impossible to accurate
Ground enters row interpolation to curved surface, more or less can there is certain error, good interpolation method it is advantageous that its error is often
Smaller.On the basis of improving interpolation efficiency, its interpolation precision is also very high to interpolation method presented here.
As shown in figure 4, taking on a certain longitudinal cross-section tool wear face actual curve 12 base line 8 first and with it every one
The actual scanning row 11 of row, its bottom straightway is connected, this line will be intersected with the actual surface sweeping row 10 in this section
With a bit, this point differs δ h with the actual height of the base line 10 in this section, number in Fig. 4 be 14 distance.Next
To the traveling row interpolation in the middle of the base line 8 in this section and base line 10, its bottom straightway is connected, in the middle part of line segment
Extend downwardly the distance of δ h/2, number in Fig. 4 be 13 distance, that is, complete the interpolation of the height of this point, interpolation is all therefrom
Portion starts, then to enter between base line 8 and base line 10 when row interpolation be also in the middle part of this two lines start, in layer
Down calculate, until completing all interpolation in this section, in all row after interpolation, when the distance of adjacent rows and transversal scanning
The distance between adjacent 2 points equal.
It has to be noted here that must choose between sample frequency and the base line of suitable laser displacement sensor at the beginning of measurement
Distance, carry out in Interpolation Process so that line-spacing is adjacent after being constantly averaged division base line is taken with above-mentioned interpolation method
Line-spacing can have an opportunity equal with the distance between laterally adjacent 2 points.
A matrix can be obtained after interpolation is complete, all numerical value in matrix represent the height value of the point in scanning area, use
The data that matlab can represent height value to these carries out three-dimensional reconstruction, finally reduces the three-dimensional appearance in tool wear region
Figure, can more vivid concrete observe wear appearance characteristic while can also calculate the volume of abrasion according to these numerical value,
Final Cutter wear degree can have the analysis and assessment of a quantitation.
The invention provides the measuring method of the tool wear three-dimensional appearance based on laser displacement sensor scanning, specifically real
Now the method for this technical scheme and approach are a lot, and the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention it is noted that for this
For the those of ordinary skill of technical field, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvement and profit can also be made
Decorations, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.In the present embodiment, clearly not each ingredient is all available
Prior art is realized.
Claims (4)
1. the measuring method of the tool wear three-dimensional appearance based on laser displacement sensor scanning is it is characterised in that include following
Step:
(1) with the laser displacement sensor being fixed on telecontrol equipment, the eroded area of cutter is progressively scanned；
(2) to the click-through row interpolation between each row of scanning；
(3) three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out to the data after final interpolation so that the three-dimensional appearance in tool wear region obtains with matlab
To reduce；
Take base line on a longitudinal cross-section tool wear face actual curve and with its every a line actual scanning row, will both bottoms
Portion is connected with straightway, and this line is intersected at a point with the actual surface sweeping row in this longitudinal cross-section, remembers in this point and this section
The actual height difference δ h of base line；Next two adjacent actual scanning row middle parts of this in this section are carried out
Interpolation, the bottom straightway being interpolated the base line of row both sides is connected, extend downwardly in the middle part of straightway δ h/2 away from
From completing the interpolation of the height of this point, interpolation is always from the beginning of the middle part of two row, carry out between two neighboring base line
When interpolation from the beginning of the middle part of two scan lines；
According to above-mentioned steps, successively down carry out interpolation calculation, all row until completing all interpolation in this section, after interpolation
In, the distance between adjacent with during transversal scanning 2 points of distance of adjacent rows is equal.
2. the method for claim 1 it is characterised in that: laser displacement sensor and telecontrol equipment adopt programmable simultaneously
Controller is controlled.
3. the method for claim 1 it is characterised in that: to being adopted when clicking through row interpolation between each row of scanning
It is that it is all to start interpolation calculation from two row middle parts with the interpolation method based on height average and the difference of actual height,
Down interpolation step by step.
4. the method for claim 1 it is characterised in that: obtain a matrix after interpolation is complete, all numerical tabulars in matrix
Show the height value of the point in scanning area, carry out three-dimensional reconstruction with the data that matlab represents height value to these, final reduction
The three-dimensional appearance figure in tool wear region.
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| CN106709996A (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-05-24 | 南开大学 | Three-dimensional reconstructing method for contour model of defect part of smooth object |
| CN107192340A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2017-09-22 | 广东理工学院 | A kind of NI Vision Builder for Automated Inspection of measured hole, the position of groove and physical dimension |
| CN108827168B (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2020-03-06 | 拓卡奔马机电科技有限公司 | Knife width detection method and device applied to cutting bed |
| CN114235687B (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2024-03-26 | 中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 | Surface damage detection equipment and method |
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