CN102866672B - Online detecting method of numerical control machining middle state of plane structural member - Google Patents

Online detecting method of numerical control machining middle state of plane structural member Download PDF

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CN102866672B
CN102866672B CN201210397906.2A CN201210397906A CN102866672B CN 102866672 B CN102866672 B CN 102866672B CN 201210397906 A CN201210397906 A CN 201210397906A CN 102866672 B CN102866672 B CN 102866672B
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face
intermediateness
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machining
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CN102866672A (en
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李迎光
刘长青
刘旭
李海
郝小忠
王伟
汤立民
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Abstract

The invention discloses an online detecting method of a numerical control machining middle state of a plane structural member. First, a theoretical face of a middle machining state is established, for a three-axis face of finish machining, a face requiring detecting is selected according to the final state of a part computer-aided design (CAD) model, and a theoretical face of the middle machining state is formed by offsetting a working allowance value along the normal direction of the selected face. For a five-axis face of the finish machining, a face formed by scanning of an operation tool in the last step is used as the theoretical face of the middle machining state, a series of points are dispersed along a finish machining tool path and projected on the theoretical face of the middle state, detecting points of the middle state are formed, finally a detecting path is planned, and a numerical control (NC) program is formed to conduct online detecting. Theoretical thickness and theoretical distance are calculated according to the theoretical face of the middle machining state and form detecting result evaluation basis with a detecting point theoretical position. The online detecting method effectively solves the part quality problem caused by deformation of a large-scale part middle machining state and machining errors, and machining quality is guaranteed.

Description

Flight Structures NC Machining processing intermediateness online test method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of numerical-control processing method of aircraft structure, especially the detection method of machining state in the middle of a kind of, be mainly specifically the online detection of carrying out for the intermediateness before Flight Structures NC Machining processing finishing, belong to CAD(Computer Aided Design)/CAM(Computer Aided Manufacturing)/CAI (Computer Aided Inspection) technical field.
Background technology
For heavy parts, as aircraft structure, because its complex structure, size are large and belong to thin-walled parts, very easily distortion in process, simultaneously because the reasons such as the tool wear occurring in process, system of processing flutter can cause mismachining tolerance.The distortion occurring in process or mismachining tolerance can impact following process operation or process operation, the meeting that situation is serious causes workpiece to be scrapped, because aircraft structure belongs to high value and high processing added value part, cost is very high, so, in order to guarantee crudy, reduce manufacturing cost, detect extremely important to the middle machining state of aircraft structure.Meanwhile, due to reasons such as clamping difficulties, it is online detection that intermediateness detects best bet.But current detection method is all just to detect, so just can not avoid the processing accident that goes wrong brought due to middle machining state after part is machined to end-state.
Retrieval prior art and document are found, the Zhang Changxin of the Maritime Affairs University Of Dalian 2009 master thesis " research of numerical control machining center on-line detecting system gordian technique " has been studied and has been detected the extracting method of information and proposed cad model and the algorithm that detects object model and match, above method be all for CAD final mask;
Nanjing Aero-Space University's fourth Yongfa master thesis in 2009 " aircraft structure based on feature detects online data and automatically generates and analyze " has proposed the generation method of check point and has detected paths planning method; Above method is all also for CAD final mask.
Fiona Zhao is at International Academic periodical " Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing " 2008 (24), the paper " STEP-NC enabled on-line inspection in support of closed-loop machining " of delivering on p200-216 has provided to meet and has processed-detected integrated data model creation method, but this paper does not relate to the construction method of intermediateness model.
In sum, about the online context of detection of digital control processing of heavy parts, current technology does not also have the detection method of intermediateness, there is no the construction method of intermediateness detection model yet.Simultaneously the above detection method coordinate of check point that has been single detection, does not combine the detection of thickness, can not provide sufficient data foundation for the evaluation of testing result.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to detect for current Large Aircraft Structure part digital control processing intermediateness the problem that lacks detection method and intermediateness model construction aspect, invent a kind of Flight Structures NC Machining processing intermediateness online test method.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of Flight Structures NC Machining processing intermediateness detection method, is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
Step 1, the end-state of the cad model based on part is selected the required face that middle machining state detects that carries out;
Step 2, judges that selected face is three axle machined surfaces or five axle machined surfaces, if the face of three axle processing, the theoretical face of machining state in the middle of along the outer normal orientation of this face, the value of a process redundancy of this face biasing being formed; If the face of five axle processing, the sweeping face that while utilizing this face intermediateness of processing, cutter forms along the feed motion of cutter rail is as the theoretical face of middle machining state;
Step 3, according to testing requirement, along finishing cutter rail discrete go out series of points, the theoretical face projection discrete point to middle machining state, forms intermediateness check point;
Step 4, according to the theoretical face of middle machining state, calculate the theoretic throat of intermediateness of each intermediateness check point position and the theoretical of the intermediateness of adjacent two side milling faces;
Step 5, cooks up and detects path and generate NC program based on intermediateness check point, transfers to numerically-controlled machine, to detect online;
Step 6, utilizes supersonic thickness meter to measure the actual (real) thickness of the intermediateness after each check point processing, utilizes contact infrared probe to measure the actual coordinate after check point processing, calculates the actual range of two adjacent surfaces intermediateness according to detection coordinates;
Step 7, according to theoretical position, theoretic throat and the theoretical of check point, evaluates and forms examining report to testing result, and then whether the middle machining state of assessment processing meets the demands and adjust strategy.
The generation method of the theoretical face of described five axle machined surface intermediatenesses is:
Step 1, this face of extraction processing form the process operation of intermediateness;
Step 2, extract the bite rail of this process operation, and bite rail is formed to guide wire along tool radius of normal orientation biasing in five axle machined surfaces;
Step 3, extract the cutter axis orientation of this section of cutter rail, and calculate the length of five axle machined surfaces along cutter axis orientation, take the end points of guide wire one end as end points, do a straight-line segment according to cutter axis orientation and five axle machined surfaces along the length of cutter axis orientation, as straight edge line;
Step 4, the guide wire and the straight edge line that form according to step 2 and step 3, do ruled surface, forms the theoretical face of five axle machined surface intermediatenesses.
The generation principle of described check point is: check point is formed to the theoretical face projection of intermediateness by the discrete point on finishing cutter rail, discrete point can be cutter location, also can form carrying out interpolation between two cutter locations, the density of interpolation depends on the accuracy requirement of detection faces, spacing 3mm ~ the 20mm of discrete point is not etc., the accuracy requirement height density of interpolation point is higher, also needs in addition according to processing experience, and the density of more holding yielding position interpolation point is higher.
The computing method of the theoretic throat M_Th of described intermediateness are:
Step 1, first represent the final theoretic throat of detection faces with F_Th, Re represents process redundancy, M_Th=F_Th+Re;
Step 2, process redundancy are depending on processing situation, if also undressed putting in place of the reverse side of detection faces needs the process redundancy of reverse side also to add; If reverse side is processed and put in place, directly calculate according to above formula;
Step 3, in order to evaluate testing result, the theoretic throat of intermediateness also needs to consider the tolerance range of detection faces, use
Figure BDA00002270738900031
the tolerance up and down that represents detection faces, the theoretic throat of intermediateness is:
Figure BDA00002270738900032
The computing method of described theoretical are:
Step 1, select respectively one deck check point of the intermediateness of adjacent two faces, i.e. the identical check point of Z coordinate figure, forms respectively point range [Ltst1_Pt] and [Ltst2_Pt];
Step 2, two point range mid points are respectively successively to same level projection, and the point forming is respectively classified [Ltst1_PPt] and [Ltst2_PPt] as;
Step 3, traversal circulation point are classified [Ltst1_PPt] and [Ltst2_PPt] as, find out two nearest some P1 of two point range middle distances and P2, remember that its distance is Mtn_Dts, and Mtn_Dts is theoretical;
Step 4, find out respectively the raw projections point of a P1 and P2 at point range [Ltst1_Pt] and [Ltst2_Pt], because projection carries out successively, thus can find by sequence number, using the point finding as the check point that calculates actual range.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the detection method of NC Machining Process intermediateness is provided;
2, the creation method of NC Machining Process intermediateness model is provided;
3, can detect distortion and the mismachining tolerance that middle process occurs, prevent the impact on following process operation and process operation, guarantee crudy, reduce processing cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is three axle machined surface intermediateness models;
Fig. 2 is five axle machined surface intermediateness models;
Fig. 3 is that five axle machined surface intermediateness theories are looked unfamiliar into method schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is that two adjacent surface theoretical are calculated schematic diagram.
Label name in accompanying drawing is called: 1 represents the final theory state of detection faces, 2 represent that process tool, 3 represents generating tool axis vector, 4 represent cutter rail, 5 represent guide wire, and 6 represent cutter location, and 7 represent straight edge line, 8 represent at a distance of one of two nearest check points, 9 represent to represent process redundancy at a distance of two, 10 of two nearest check points, and 11 represent the theoretical of the middle machining state of two adjacent surfaces.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further illustrated.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.
A kind of Flight Structures NC Machining processing intermediateness detection method, the method comprises the following steps:
The end-state of step 1, cad model based on part is selected the face that machining state detects in the middle of required carrying out;
Step 2, judge that selected face is three axle machined surfaces or five axle machined surfaces, if the face of three axles processing, the theoretical face of machining state in the middle of along the outer normal orientation of this face, the value of a process redundancy of this face biasing being formed; If the face of five axle processing, the face that the sweeping face that while utilizing this face intermediateness of processing, cutter forms along the feed motion of cutter rail forms is as the theoretical face of middle machining state;
Step 3, according to testing requirement, along finishing cutter rail discrete go out series of points, the theoretical face projection discrete point to intermediateness, forms intermediateness check point;
Step 4, according to the theoretical face of intermediateness, calculate each check point position intermediateness theoretic throat and with the theoretical of the intermediateness of adjacent two side milling faces;
Step 5, detect path and generate NC program based on check point planning, transferring to numerically-controlled machine and detect online;
Step 6, utilize supersonic thickness meter to measure the actual (real) thickness of the intermediateness of each check point, utilize contact infrared probe to measure the actual coordinate of check point, calculate the actual range of two adjacent surfaces intermediateness according to detection coordinates;
Step 7, theoretical position, theoretic throat and theoretical according to check point, evaluate and form examining report to testing result, and then whether the intermediateness of assessment processing meets the demands and adjust strategy.
As shown in Figure 3, the generation method of the theoretical face of described five axle machined surface intermediatenesses is:
Step 1, this face 1 of extraction processing form the process operation of intermediateness;
Step 2, extract the bite rail 4 of this process operation, and bite rail is formed to guide wire 5 along tool radius of normal orientation biasing in five axle machined surfaces;
Step 3, extract the cutter axis orientation of this section of cutter rail, and calculate the length of five axle machined surfaces along cutter axis orientation 3, take the end points of guide wire one end as end points, do a straight-line segment according to cutter axis orientation and five axle machined surfaces along the length of cutter axis orientation, as straight edge line 7;
Step 4, the guide wire and the straight edge line that form according to step 2 and step 3, do ruled surface, forms the theoretical face of five axle machined surface intermediatenesses.
The generation principle of described check point is: check point is formed to the theoretical face projection of intermediateness by the discrete point on finishing cutter rail, discrete point can be cutter location, also can form carrying out interpolation between two cutter locations, the density of interpolation depends on the accuracy requirement of detection faces, spacing 3mm ~ the 20mm of discrete point is not etc., the accuracy requirement height density of interpolation point is higher, also needs in addition according to processing experience, and the density of more holding yielding position interpolation point is higher.
The computing method of the theoretic throat M_Th of described intermediateness are:
Step 1, first represent the final theoretic throat of detection faces with F_Th, Re represents process redundancy, M_Th=F_Th+Re;
Step 2, process redundancy are depending on processing situation, if also undressed putting in place of the reverse side of detection faces needs the process redundancy of reverse side also to add; If reverse side is processed and put in place, directly calculate according to above formula; Step 3, in order to evaluate testing result, the theoretic throat of intermediateness also needs to consider the tolerance range of detection faces, use
Figure BDA00002270738900051
the tolerance up and down that represents detection faces, the theoretic throat of intermediateness is:
Figure BDA00002270738900052
As shown in Figure 4, the computing method of described theoretical are:
Step 1, select respectively one deck check point of the intermediateness of adjacent two faces, i.e. the identical check point of Z coordinate figure, forms respectively point range [Ltst1_Pt] and [Ltst2_Pt];
Step 2, two point range mid points are respectively successively to same level projection, and the point forming is respectively classified [Ltst1_PPt] and [Ltst2_PPt] as;
Step 3, traversal circulation point are classified [Ltst1_PPt] and [Ltst2_PPt] as, find out two nearest some P1 of two point range middle distances and P2, remember that its distance is Mtn_Dts, and Mtn_Dts is theoretical 11;
Step 4, find out respectively the raw projections point of a P1 and P2 at point range [Ltst1_Pt] and [Ltst2_Pt], because projection carries out successively, thus can find by sequence number, using the point finding as the check point 8,9 that calculates actual range.

Claims (5)

1. a Flight Structures NC Machining processing intermediateness detection method, is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
Step 1, the end-state of the cad model based on part is selected the required face that middle machining state detects that carries out;
Step 2, judges that selected face is three axle machined surfaces or five axle machined surfaces, if the face of three axle processing, the theoretical face of machining state in the middle of along the outer normal orientation of this face, the value of a process redundancy of this face biasing being formed; If the face of five axle processing, the sweeping face that while utilizing this face intermediateness of processing, cutter forms along the feed motion of cutter rail is as the theoretical face of middle machining state;
Step 3, according to testing requirement, along finishing cutter rail discrete go out series of points, the theoretical face projection discrete point to middle machining state, forms intermediateness check point;
Step 4, according to the theoretical face of middle machining state, calculate the theoretic throat of intermediateness of each intermediateness check point position and the theoretical of the intermediateness of adjacent two side milling faces;
Step 5, cooks up and detects path and generate NC program based on intermediateness check point, transfers to numerically-controlled machine, to detect online;
Step 6, utilizes supersonic thickness meter to measure the actual (real) thickness of the intermediateness after each check point processing, utilizes contact infrared probe to measure the actual coordinate after check point processing, calculates the actual range of two adjacent surfaces intermediateness according to detection coordinates;
Step 7, according to theoretical position, theoretic throat and the theoretical of check point, evaluates and forms examining report to testing result, and then whether the middle machining state of assessment processing meets the demands and the foundation of the adjustment using this as cutter rail.
2. Flight Structures NC Machining processing intermediateness detection method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the generation method of the theoretical face of described five axle machined surface intermediatenesses is:
Step 1, extracts the process operation of processing this face formation intermediateness;
Step 2, extracts the bite rail of this process operation, and bite rail is formed to guide wire along tool radius of normal orientation biasing in five axle machined surfaces;
Step 3, extracts the cutter axis orientation of this section of cutter rail, and calculates the length of five axle machined surfaces along cutter axis orientation, take the end points of guide wire one end as end points, does a straight-line segment, as straight edge line according to cutter axis orientation and five axle machined surfaces along the length of cutter axis orientation;
Step 4, according to guide wire and the straight edge line of step 2 and step 3 formation, does ruled surface, forms the theoretical face of five axle machined surface intermediatenesses.
3. Flight Structures NC Machining processing intermediateness detection method according to claim 1, the generation principle that it is characterized in that described intermediateness check point is: check point is formed to the theoretical face projection of intermediateness by the discrete point on finishing cutter rail, discrete point is cutter location, or form carrying out interpolation between two cutter locations, the density of interpolation depends on the accuracy requirement of detection faces, between the spacing 5mm～20mm of discrete point, the accuracy requirement height density of interpolation point is higher, also need in addition according to processing experience, the density of more holding yielding position interpolation point is higher.
4. Flight Structures NC Machining processing intermediateness detection method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the computing method of the theoretic throat M_Th of described intermediateness are:
Step 1, first represents the final theoretic throat of detection faces with F_Th, Re represents process redundancy, M_Th=F_Th+Re;
Step 2, process redundancy is depending on processing situation, if also undressed putting in place of the reverse side of detection faces needs the process redundancy of reverse side also to add; If reverse side is processed and put in place, directly calculate according to above formula;
Step 3, in order to evaluate testing result, the theoretic throat of intermediateness also needs to consider the tolerance range of detection faces,
Figure FDA0000469752970000021
the tolerance up and down that represents detection faces, the theoretic throat of intermediateness is:
Figure FDA0000469752970000022
.
5. a kind of Flight Structures NC Machining processing intermediateness detection method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the computing method of the theoretical of described adjacent two side milling faces are:
Step 1, selects respectively one deck check point of the intermediateness of adjacent two faces, i.e. the identical check point of Z coordinate figure, forms respectively point range [List1_Pt] and [List2_Pt];
Step 2, two point range mid points are respectively successively to same level projection, and the point forming is respectively classified [List1_PPt] and [List2_PPt] as;
Step 3, travels through and circulates and a little classify [List1_PPt] and [List2_PPt] as, finds out two nearest some P1 of two point range middle distances and P2, remembers that its distance is Min_Dis, and Min_Dis is theoretical;
Step 4, finds out respectively the raw projections point of a P1 and P2 at point range [List1_Pt] and [List2_Pt], because projection carries out successively, thus can find by sequence number, using the point finding as the check point that calculates actual range.
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