CN104355602A - 一种特种陶瓷及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种特种陶瓷及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104355602A
CN104355602A CN201410590300.XA CN201410590300A CN104355602A CN 104355602 A CN104355602 A CN 104355602A CN 201410590300 A CN201410590300 A CN 201410590300A CN 104355602 A CN104355602 A CN 104355602A
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夏建国
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ANHUI WANJIE HYDRAULIC TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种特种陶瓷，由下列重量份的原料制成：硅灰石3-4、长石10-14、三氧化二铝5-7、高岭土20-25、石英58-66、纳米氧化锌2-3、油酸2-3、氧化石蜡1-2、氯氧化锆12-15、锆酸钠3-4、正硅酸乙酯3-4、去离子水适量、氢氧化钾1-2、乙醇适量、助剂4-6；本发明的陶瓷具有较宽的耐温性、耐烧蚀性好、并且具有良好的力学性能，强度大；通过添加氯氧化锆、锆酸钠，更增加了陶瓷的耐磨性和耐温性，不易破碎，耐振动，使用寿命长；通过使用本发明的助剂，能够增加陶瓷的表面光滑性、耐磨性和耐热性。

Description

一种特种陶瓷及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷材料领域，尤其涉及一种特种陶瓷及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前通道、管道用的材料有铝合金材料、陶瓷等，铝合金材料耐磨性差，槽道容易消失，影响色选精度，要经常更换，成本高；目前所用的陶瓷材料脆性大，耐磨性不太高，不耐冷热刺激，耐酸碱性差，因此需要研究耐磨性好，硬度高，韧性好，耐震动，耐热，耐腐蚀等性能优异的陶瓷材料，以降低成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种特种陶瓷及其制备方法，该陶瓷具有较宽的耐温性、耐烧蚀性好、并且具有良好的力学性能，强度大。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种特种陶瓷，其特征在于由下列重量份的原料制成：硅灰石3-4、长石10-14、三氧化二铝5-7、高岭土20-25、石英58-66、纳米氧化锌2-3、油酸2-3、氧化石蜡1-2、氯氧化锆12-15、锆酸钠3-4、正硅酸乙酯3-4、去离子水适量、氢氧化钾1-2、乙醇适量、助剂4-6；
所述助剂由下列重量份的原料制成：高岭土3-4、稀土1-2、四盐基铬酸锌0.3-0.4、纳米氮化硅0.8-1.2、纳米硼纤维0.6-0.9、纳米碳0.3-0.4、硅烷偶联剂kh-550 0.6-0.8、聚乙二醇0.3-0.4、水7-11；制备方法为：将聚乙二醇加入水中，搅拌均匀，加入高岭土，搅拌20-30分钟，再加入一半重量份的硅烷偶联剂kh-550，搅拌10-15分钟，再加入稀土，搅拌反应20-30分钟，再加入剩余重量份的硅烷偶联剂kh-550，搅拌10-15分钟，再加入其他剩余成分，搅拌反应20-30分钟，超声分散6-8分钟，过滤，烘干，粉碎，过40目筛，在氮气氛围下，1380-1440℃下煅烧2-3个小时，粉碎，过40目筛，即得。
所述特种陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
（1）将硅灰石、长石、三氧化二铝、石英、氧化石蜡混合，球磨，过200目筛，加入0.6-0.8倍重量份的乙醇，送入球磨机中球磨24-27个小时，再加入氢氧化钾，继续球磨2-3个小时，水洗至PH值为8-9，过滤，得到滤饼；
（2）将第（1）步得到的滤饼粉碎，在氮气氛围下，850-900℃下煅烧2-3个小时，取出粉碎，过50目筛，得到颗粒；
（3）取30-40重量份的乙醇，加入正硅酸乙酯，搅拌至溶解，加入纳米氧化锌、油酸、氯氧化锆、锆酸钠，搅拌得到混合物料，将高岭土粉碎，边翻腾搅拌边喷入混合物料，加热至70-80℃，持续翻腾搅拌至乙醇完全蒸发，粉碎，过50目筛，得到颗粒；
（4）将第（2）步和第（3）步得到的颗粒与其他剩余成分混合，按料：球：水=1:1.4:0.7，球磨24-30个小时，造型，在氮气氛围中，700-800℃下预烧1.5-2个小时，再在1550-1600℃下煅烧4-5个小时，即得。
本发明的有益效果
本发明的陶瓷具有较宽的耐温性、耐烧蚀性好、并且具有良好的力学性能，强度大；通过添加氯氧化锆、锆酸钠，更增加了陶瓷的耐磨性和耐温性，不易破碎，耐振动，使用寿命长；通过使用本发明的助剂，能够增加陶瓷的表面光滑性、耐磨性和耐热性。
具体实施方式
一种特种陶瓷，由下列重量份（公斤）的原料制成：硅灰石3.5、长石12、三氧化二铝6、高岭土23、石英62、纳米氧化锌2.5、油酸2.5、氧化石蜡1.5、氯氧化锆14、锆酸钠3.5、正硅酸乙酯3.5、去离子水适量、氢氧化钾1.5、乙醇适量、助剂5；
所述助剂由下列重量份（公斤）的原料制成：高岭土3.5、稀土1.5、四盐基铬酸锌0.3、纳米氮化硅1、纳米硼纤维0.7、纳米碳0.3、硅烷偶联剂kh-550 0.7、聚乙二醇0.3、水8；制备方法为：将聚乙二醇加入水中，搅拌均匀，加入高岭土，搅拌25分钟，再加入一半重量份的硅烷偶联剂kh-550，搅拌13分钟，再加入稀土，搅拌反应25分钟，再加入剩余重量份的硅烷偶联剂kh-550，搅拌13分钟，再加入其他剩余成分，搅拌反应25分钟，超声分散7分钟，过滤，烘干，粉碎，过40目筛，在氮气氛围下，1400℃下煅烧2.5个小时，粉碎，过40目筛，即得。
所述特种陶瓷的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）将硅灰石、长石、三氧化二铝、石英、氧化石蜡混合，球磨，过200目筛，加入0.7倍重量份的乙醇，送入球磨机中球磨26个小时，再加入氢氧化钾，继续球磨2.5个小时，水洗至PH值为8，过滤，得到滤饼；
（2）将第（1）步得到的滤饼粉碎，在氮气氛围下，880℃下煅烧2.5个小时，取出粉碎，过50目筛，得到颗粒；
（3）取35重量份的乙醇，加入正硅酸乙酯，搅拌至溶解，加入纳米氧化锌、油酸、氯氧化锆、锆酸钠，搅拌得到混合物料，将高岭土粉碎，边翻腾搅拌边喷入混合物料，加热至75℃，持续翻腾搅拌至乙醇完全蒸发，粉碎，过50目筛，得到颗粒；
（4）将第（2）步和第（3）步得到的颗粒与其他剩余成分混合，按料：球：水=1:1.4:0.7，球磨28个小时，造型，在氮气氛围中，780℃下预烧1.8个小时，再在1580℃下煅烧4.5个小时，即得。
实验数据：
该实施例陶瓷的维氏硬度为88GPa，抗弯强度为980MPa，断裂韧性为11MPa·m1/2。

Claims (2)

1.一种特种陶瓷，其特征在于由下列重量份的原料制成：硅灰石3-4、长石10-14、三氧化二铝5-7、高岭土20-25、石英58-66、纳米氧化锌2-3、油酸2-3、氧化石蜡1-2、氯氧化锆12-15、锆酸钠3-4、正硅酸乙酯3-4、去离子水适量、氢氧化钾1-2、乙醇适量、助剂4-6；
所述助剂由下列重量份的原料制成：高岭土3-4、稀土1-2、四盐基铬酸锌0.3-0.4、纳米氮化硅0.8-1.2、纳米硼纤维0.6-0.9、纳米碳0.3-0.4、硅烷偶联剂kh-550 0.6-0.8、聚乙二醇0.3-0.4、水7-11；制备方法为：将聚乙二醇加入水中，搅拌均匀，加入高岭土，搅拌20-30分钟，再加入一半重量份的硅烷偶联剂kh-550，搅拌10-15分钟，再加入稀土，搅拌反应20-30分钟，再加入剩余重量份的硅烷偶联剂kh-550，搅拌10-15分钟，再加入其他剩余成分，搅拌反应20-30分钟，超声分散6-8分钟，过滤，烘干，粉碎，过40目筛，在氮气氛围下，1380-1440℃下煅烧2-3个小时，粉碎，过40目筛，即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述特种陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
（1）将硅灰石、长石、三氧化二铝、石英、氧化石蜡混合，球磨，过200目筛，加入0.6-0.8倍重量份的乙醇，送入球磨机中球磨24-27个小时，再加入氢氧化钾，继续球磨2-3个小时，水洗至PH值为8-9，过滤，得到滤饼；
（2）将第（1）步得到的滤饼粉碎，在氮气氛围下，850-900℃下煅烧2-3个小时，取出粉碎，过50目筛，得到颗粒；
（3）取30-40重量份的乙醇，加入正硅酸乙酯，搅拌至溶解，加入纳米氧化锌、油酸、氯氧化锆、锆酸钠，搅拌得到混合物料，将高岭土粉碎，边翻腾搅拌边喷入混合物料，加热至70-80℃，持续翻腾搅拌至乙醇完全蒸发，粉碎，过50目筛，得到颗粒；
（4）将第（2）步和第（3）步得到的颗粒与其他剩余成分混合，按料：球：水=1:1.4:0.7，球磨24-30个小时，造型，在氮气氛围中，700-800℃下预烧1.5-2个小时，再在1550-1600℃下煅烧4-5个小时，即得。
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