CN1043387A - 高性能弹丸 - Google Patents

高性能弹丸 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1043387A
CN1043387A CN89109076A CN89109076A CN1043387A CN 1043387 A CN1043387 A CN 1043387A CN 89109076 A CN89109076 A CN 89109076A CN 89109076 A CN89109076 A CN 89109076A CN 1043387 A CN1043387 A CN 1043387A
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bullet
shell
core
examining core
caliber size
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CN89109076A
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CN1026261C (zh
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让-保罗·丹尼斯
马克·努福日
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FN Herstal SA
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FN Herstal SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/76—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing
    • F42B12/78—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing of jackets for smallarm bullets ; Jacketed bullets or projectiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
    • F42B12/745—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body the core being made of plastics; Compounds or blends of plastics and other materials, e.g. fillers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明为具有高停止能量、低后座力的弹丸，由至少二部分即硬金属制成的空心外壳(2)和密度低于外壳(2)的刚性材料制成的核芯构成，其特征在于：弹丸的各组成部分的长度比例如下：头部，为口径尺寸的1.5至3倍；圆柱型部分(5)，为钢径尺寸的0.5至2倍；尾部锥体部分(6)，为口径尺寸的0至1倍，长度口径比l/d在2至3之间，弹丸的重心位于上述的圆柱形部分中。

Description

本发明涉及一种低后座力、高停止能量的弹丸。这种弹丸适用于所有口径的手提式或者叫步兵武器。
众所周知，弹丸的停止能量与它撞击目标时在最短的时间内释放出最多的能量的能力有固有的联系。
在一定距离内，一粒弹丸的动能可用下式来表示：
Ec= (mVr2)/2
其中，m＝弹丸的质量，
Vr＝一定距离上的剩余弹丸速度。
因此，Ec与弹丸的质量和剩余速度的平方直接成正比。
此外，我们还知道武器发生后座现象对击中目标是不利的，因此，它对下一次射击的准确度、连发射击能力和射手的心理都有不利影响。
后座值由后座动量所确定：
Ir＝Vo（m+1.75C）
其中：Vo武器的初速，
m＝弹丸的质量，
C＝装药量。
因此，后座动量与弹丸的质量和初速直接成正比。
从上面可以看出：要求高Ec和低Ir是根本矛盾的。
本发明指出的弹丸旨在把这个矛盾减至最低程度。
此外，本发明还旨在提供一种具有高停止能量和下列设计的子弹：即撞击软性目标时也不会发生变形和破裂。
本发明考虑使用低质量的弹丸而能获得低后座动量，同时又由于弹丸在目标内迅速释放其动能而增强了任何射距内的停止能量，而且不发生变形和破裂。
本发明中旨在实现上述优点的弹丸的特征在于它的几何形状特别是长度与口径比（l/d），最好超过3。
根据本发明而制成的弹丸的特征在于：弹丸的各组成单元的长度的比例为：头部，在1.5至3倍的口径尺寸之间;圆柱部分，在0.7至2倍的口径尺寸之间，尾部锥体部分，在0至1倍的口径尺寸之间;子弹的长度口径比l/d在3至6之间，重心位于圆柱状部分中。
由于弹丸上述设计，可以得到最佳的空气动力学特性。
为了更好地解释本发明的特征，以下以不带任何限制范围性质的实例的方式借助附图描述几个实施例。
图1.以纵剖视图的形式示出了本发明的弹丸的组成单元。
图2.也示出了本发明的弹丸的一个纵剖面图。
图3.是图2的一种变型。
如图所示，弹丸1大体上由二个单元即外壳2和核芯3构成。
外壳2呈中空，由较硬的材料如铜合金、钢或类型材料制成。
核芯3由密度低于外壳并填充有玻璃纤维或者小球或者类似单元的刚性材料如高密度塑料（比方说聚碳酸酯，聚酰胺等等）制成。
核芯3可以由一块或几块，紧密地或不紧密地构成。
这样，可以得到一种低m/s比的弹丸。
弹丸的形状应该这样，即能得到最佳的空气动力学特性，并能维持较高的达到所期望的效果所必需的剩余速度。
使弹丸的空气动力学特征最佳化能减小弹道上的速度损失，只需较少的装药量即能达到所需的速度，因而也使后座动量降低。
使用上面指定的材料来制造核芯3，可以防止弹丸在软性目标内变形。
用硬材料制成的外壳2和用比外壳2密度低的材料（即较轻的材料）制成的核芯3的组合使子弹因迅速失去稳定性而又维持显著的穿透能量（由于其速度和硬结构的缘故）而在软性目标中翻转。
下面以示例性而不是限制性的目的示出一种根据本发明的5.56mm口径的弹丸的特征：
-    质量为1.5至2g。
-    l/d比：4.5+/-0.5，
-    头部4：2.5+/-0.5倍的口径尺寸。
-    圆柱型部分5：1.5+/-0.5倍的口径尺寸。
-    尾部6：0.5倍的口径+/-0.5倍的口径，在l/d的限制范围内选定。
重心7应该位于圆柱型部分5中，距与头部的接合面0至4mm。
核芯3可以由2块或多块构成，互相对准地装配好并用某种方法紧密地接合在一起。
本发明并不限制于以实例描述的实施例和附图中的图示。相反，在本发明的范围内可作许多变动。

Claims (12)

1、具有低后座力和高停止能量的弹丸，由至少二部分组成：由硬材料制成的中空的外壳(2)和由硬度低于外壳的刚性材料制成的核芯(3)，其特征在于：弹丸的各组成单元的长度比例如下：头部(4)，为口径尺寸的1.5至3倍；圆柱状部分5，为0.7至2倍的口径尺寸；尾部锥体部分(6)，为0至1倍的口径尺寸；长度口径比(1/d)在3至6之间；重心(7)位于上述的圆柱形部分中。
2、根据权利要求1的弹丸，其特征在于：重心的位置处于上述圆柱体部分（5）中离与头部（4）的接合面0-4mm的距离处。
3、根据权利要求1或2的弹丸，其特征在于外壳（2）的容积质量为20-100N/dm3。
4、根据权利要求1或2的弹丸，其特征在于核芯（3）的容积质量为5-20N/dm3。
5、根据权利要求3的弹丸，其特征在于外壳（2）由金属制成。
6、根据权利要求4的弹丸，其特征在于核芯（3）由高密度的塑料材料制成。
7、根据权利要求6的弹丸，其特征在于核芯（3）由聚碳酸酯制成。
8、根据权利要求6的弹丸，其特征在于核芯（3）由聚酰胺制成。
9、根据权利要求6、7和8的弹丸，其特征在于上述的塑料材料中填充有（比方说）玻璃纤维或小球。
10、根据前面的任一权利要求的弹丸，其特征在于核芯（3）被做成一块。
11、根据权利要求1-9中的一个的弹丸，其特征在于核芯（3）由两块或更多块构成。
12、根据权利要求11的弹丸，其特征在于核芯（3）的组成单元互相之间紧密连接在一起。
CN91100118A 1988-12-05 1989-12-05 高性能弹丸 Expired - Fee Related CN1026261C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE08801362 1988-12-05
BE8801362A BE1001874A3 (fr) 1988-12-05 1988-12-05 Projectile performant.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1043387A true CN1043387A (zh) 1990-06-27
CN1026261C CN1026261C (zh) 1994-10-19

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CN91100118A Expired - Fee Related CN1026261C (zh) 1988-12-05 1989-12-05 高性能弹丸

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Country Link
US (1) US5012743A (zh)
EP (1) EP0373140B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1026261C (zh)
AT (1) ATE89403T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU615359B2 (zh)
BE (1) BE1001874A3 (zh)
BR (1) BR8906204A (zh)
DE (2) DE68906517T2 (zh)
ES (1) ES2019566T3 (zh)
GR (2) GR910300024T1 (zh)
IL (1) IL92543A0 (zh)
SG (1) SG98694G (zh)
YU (1) YU227889A (zh)
ZA (1) ZA899240B (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115443398A (zh) * 2019-12-20 2022-12-06 A·V·涅斯捷连科 非致命弹丸

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BE1001874A3 (fr) * 1988-12-05 1990-04-03 Nationale Herstal Fn Sa Fab Projectile performant.
BE1004981A3 (fr) * 1991-06-20 1993-03-09 Fnnh Fabrique Nationale Nouvel Chargeur a basculement de cartouches pour pistolet ou pistolet mitrailleur.
US5488909A (en) * 1991-11-20 1996-02-06 Hirtenberger Aktiengesellschaft Short range projectile
CA2199267A1 (en) * 1995-06-07 1996-12-19 Cyrus M. Smith Projectiles having controllable density and mass distribution
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US6209180B1 (en) * 1997-03-25 2001-04-03 Teledyne Industries Non-toxic high density shot for shotshells
WO2000002004A2 (en) * 1998-06-30 2000-01-13 Kevin Mcclung Controlled-penetration projectile
US6178890B1 (en) * 1999-02-24 2001-01-30 Federal Cartridge Company Captive soft-point bullet
US6530328B2 (en) * 1999-02-24 2003-03-11 Federal Cartridge Company Captive soft-point bullet
US6305292B1 (en) * 1999-02-24 2001-10-23 Federal Cartridge Company Captive soft-point bullet
FR2793017B1 (fr) * 1999-04-30 2002-05-31 Lacroix Soc E Projectile a balistique controlee
US7607394B2 (en) * 2001-04-24 2009-10-27 Anthony Joseph Cesaroni Lead-free projectiles
US6973879B1 (en) 2002-03-16 2005-12-13 Mcelroy Hugh Anthony Monolithic high incapacitation small arms projectile
CA2535164A1 (en) * 2005-02-02 2006-08-02 Anthony Joseph Cesaroni Bismuth projectile
US8186277B1 (en) 2007-04-11 2012-05-29 Nosler, Inc. Lead-free bullet for use in a wide range of impact velocities
SE536525C2 (sv) * 2012-05-18 2014-01-28 Nammo Vanaesverken Ab Blyfri ammunition för finkalibriga vapen
US9134102B2 (en) 2012-08-06 2015-09-15 William Franklin Flowers Light weight projectiles
WO2014150007A1 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-09-25 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Reloading kit with lead free bullet composition
WO2017069723A1 (en) * 2015-10-18 2017-04-27 William Reilly Sub-mass projectile for auto loading firearm and methods

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115443398A (zh) * 2019-12-20 2022-12-06 A·V·涅斯捷连科 非致命弹丸

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Publication number Publication date
ZA899240B (en) 1990-09-26
DE68906517T2 (de) 1993-09-09
DE373140T1 (de) 1991-09-05
AU4589189A (en) 1990-06-07
GR3007848T3 (zh) 1993-08-31
IL92543A0 (en) 1990-08-31
SG98694G (en) 1994-10-28
YU227889A (sh) 1994-01-20
BE1001874A3 (fr) 1990-04-03
ATE89403T1 (de) 1993-05-15
DE68906517D1 (de) 1993-06-17
BR8906204A (pt) 1990-09-25
ES2019566T3 (es) 1993-11-01
CN1026261C (zh) 1994-10-19
EP0373140B1 (fr) 1993-05-12
AU615359B2 (en) 1991-09-26
GR910300024T1 (en) 1991-11-15
US5012743A (en) 1991-05-07
EP0373140A1 (fr) 1990-06-13
ES2019566A4 (es) 1991-07-01

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