CN104330754A - Superconducting weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a superconducting weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer comprising a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), a nonmagnetic dewar, a three-dimensional triaxial locator, a magnetic flux lock loop, a micro-control processor, a power supply unit, a data signal processing system and a host. The low-temperature superconducting quantum interference device substitutes a conventional induction coil to act as a magnetometer probe so that sensitivity and measurement depth and precision of the magnetometer are enhanced. The superconducting weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer is one of the latest international weak magnetic signal detection equipment. Compared with a conventional electronic magnetometer, the superconducting weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer is high in resolution, high in precision, high in intellectualization and high in stability, and can be applied to geophysical prospecting work, medical heart and brain magnetic measurement and engineering nondestructive detection.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to detection of magnetic field field, particularly a kind of weak magnetic signal detecting devices.
Background technology
The degree of accuracy of magnetometer collection magnetic field data and accuracy directly will affect the effect of exploration or detection, it is mainly used in measuring the important basic parameter-terrestrial magnetic field of of the earth, the infrastructure device of the magnetic exploration in geophysical prospecting method, in space flight, military detection with monitoring (submarine), forecast earthquake, the various fields widespread use such as geologic mapping, mineral resources exploration, space physics are studied, engage in archaeological studies, environmental monitoring, biomagnetism.
China is the country studying magnetic field of the earth in history the earliest.But to modern age, the technology of magnetometer lagged behind western countries greatly.After founding of New, the magnetometer technology of China starts difficult starting.Successively have developed suspension wire magnetometer, flux-gate magnetometer, magnetic spy instrument, proton magnetometer, DI magnetometer, optically pumped magnetometer.After reform and opening-up, China has introduced the G-856AX type proton magnetometer of Canadian MP-4 type proton magnetometer and the U.S..The ground magnetic exploration level of China reaches international most advanced level at short notice.Since entering 21 century, country strengthens geological cause dynamics of investment, and society surges to the demand of proton magnetometer.But there is a big difference with external advanced magnetometer in technological level, in instrumental function for the magnetometer of China, and Stability and dependability also lags behind external advanced magnetometer.The technological innovation of magnetometer is nowhere near.
Be badly in need of solving following problem: (1) deep mine locating (metallic ore and colliery): because earth's surface mineral products are day by day exhausted in geologic examination and exploration, mineral products investigation and exploration require that current technological means can not meet the demands to more than 1000 meters degree of depth explorations; (2) oil-gas exploration: can not meet the demands by depth measurement degree at present; (3) airborne exploration: current aerial survey means can only meet large area generaI investigation, can not meet exploration requirement; (4) detection of rift structure and Real-Time Monitoring: landslide, rubble flow, dam break, gob collapse, bridge collapse, accident detection and the monitoring technology such as permeable.In engineering, the underground objects detection system of a satisfaction is all very complicated on Design and implementation.Because earth interior allows the channel used to limit, receiver level, the information processing technology and signal cause very faint again itself, has fettered development and the practical application of underground objects detection system.
Transient electromagnetic method utilizes earth-free loop line or ground connection line source to launch pulsatile once magnetic field to underground, the secondary inductive loop field caused in coil or ground-electrode observation underground medium is utilized between the interval of pulsatile once magnetic field, thus a kind of method of probing medium resistivity.Its basic methods is: the transmitting coil passing to certain waveform-shaped current in ground or aerial setting, thus produces an electromagnetic field at its surrounding space, and produces induction current in the conduction rock ore body of underground; After power-off, induction current is decayed in time due to thermal losses.Attenuation process is generally divided into early, in and late period.Early stage electromagnetic field is equivalent to the radio-frequency component in frequency field, and decay is fast, skin depth is little; Late period, composition was then equivalent to the low-frequency component in frequency field, and decay is slow, and skin depth is large.By the secondary field Changing Pattern in time of each time period after measurement power-off, the ground electrical feature of different depth can be obtained.
The work efficiency of transient electromagnetic method is high, but other resistivity prospecting means can not be replaced, when periphery runs into the metal construction having large ground or space, its sensitivity and stability inadequate, the data measured can not use, and now should supplement DC electrical method or other geophysical prospecting method; Antijamming capability is not enough simultaneously, and when surface of stratum runs into a large amount of low resistivity zone mineralized belts, (as surface of stratum is full of graphite linings) transient electromagnetic method can not be measured reliably, therefore will consider geologic structure when selecting measurement; In addition, measuring process is more loaded down with trivial details, lacks supporting complete data disposal system, the visible rock characteristic in earth's surface will be recorded at any time, the inclination angle of device and elevation, in follow-up explanation, to divide stratigraphic structure accurately, simultaneously before a work area job, test, select rational device and supply current, once determining, can not change device and supply current in the measurements, otherwise explanation is impacted.The reference point as far as possible finding known formation before entering work area is calibrated instrument, just can guarantee the accuracy measured.
The weak magnetic signal of based superconductive quantum interfering device (SQUID) and measuring system are the measuring methods being still in the starting stage extremely paid close attention in the world, and very responsive and secret.Magnetic flux-voltage transition element that superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) utilizes the Josephson effect of Weak link in superconducting ring to make, can detect 10
-16t/ (Hz)
1/2weak magentic-field signal, having the magnetic field sensitivity that other traditional sensors are incomparable, is the highest magnetometer of current sensitivity.But it directly can not be converted to magnetic field voltage or the electric current of measurement, must sophisticated electronic components and parts and flux locked loop be passed through, just can convert field signal to measurable voltage signal.The magnetometer of based superconductive quantum interfering device (SQUID), very sensitive to weak magnetic signal, and LF-response is good, can solve the above-mentioned exploration problem of tradition based on Techniques in Electromagnetic Measurement.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: research and develop a kind of superconduction weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer, overcome defect and the deficiency of existing transient electromagnetic method weak magnetic signal and measuring system, improve its sensitivity, stability and antijamming capability, increase data signal processing system, improve detection performance on the spot.
Technical scheme: superconduction weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer, comprise superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), Non-magnetic dewar, three-dimensional three shaft position meters, flux locked loop, microcontrol processor, Power supply unit, data signal processing system and main frame, substitute traditional inductive coil as magnetometer probe using low-temperature superconducting quantum interfering device, improve magnetometer sensitivity with fathom, precision (as Fig. 1).
Structural relation (Fig. 2) specific as follows in described superconduction weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer between core component:
(1) be added with liquid helium in Non-magnetic dewar (Fig. 3), want when adding liquid helium slowly, in order to avoid liquid helium splash is to health;
(2) on described three-dimensional three shaft position meters, described superconducting quantum interference device is installed, three described superconducting quantum interference devices are placed in the groove of three mutually orthogonal of described three-dimensional three shaft position meters respectively, and the tinsel of fluted external surface is fixedly connected with signal cable line;
(3) connect described three-dimensional three shaft position meters and microcontrol processor by probe rod, the signal cable line of described three-dimensional three shaft position meters passes in the middle of the probe rod of probe, is arranged on by microcontrol processor in probe rod base plane;
(4) solid three shaft position meter installing superconducting quantum interference device is put into the Non-magnetic dewar that liquid helium is housed lentamente, the front end of described probe rod is fixed in Non-magnetic dewar together with described three-dimensional three shaft position meters;
(5) base plane of described probe rod and microcontrol processor are arranged in cassette rack;
(6) concentric cable of described superconducting quantum interference device is connected with described microcontrol processor, and microcontrol processor and Power supply unit, main frame are coupled together by cable, system assembles completes.
The effect of described Non-magnetic dewar maintains superconducting quantum interference device normally to work required low temperature environment, and inner filling liquid helium is as cold-producing medium; Non-magnetic dewar has inside and outside wall double-decker, and is evacuated between inside and outside wall, reduces the heat interchange inside and outside Dewar, to keep the low rate of evaporation of inner liquid helium; Its selected materials all adopts magnetic susceptibility lower than 10
-5the non-magnetic material of Gs/Oe-without magnetic GRP, non-magnetic material can avoid the induced magnetism noise occurred under action of alternating magnetic field, this without magnetic GRP for be formed by specific epoxy bonding agent, polyurethane curing agent and other agent adhering and solidifying without magnetic glass fibre;
Described superconducting quantum interference device is made up of a radio frequency supraconduction quantum interferometer (RF-SQUID) or is made up of two DC superconducting quantum interference device (DC-SQUID) Weak link, and the supraconductivity at Weak link place is subject to strong inhibition; Described superconducting quantum interference device grows up in Josephson effect and flux quautization effect basis, the subtle change of Electric and magnetic fields can be converted to measurable voltage, its performance, considerably beyond conventional device, has high magnetic field sensitivity, can detect 10
-16t/ (Hz)
1/2weak magentic-field signal, there is the magnetic field sensitivity that other traditional sensors are incomparable; Described superconducting quantum interference device is operated in about 4K under liquid helium low-temperature condition.
For the comprehensive measurement Distribution of Magnetic Field in implementation space, three-dimensional three shaft position meters comprise three mutually orthogonal superconducting rings, each superconducting ring all embedded connection superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), so that can dynamic compensation magnetic disturbance; Three-dimensional three shaft position meter hardwired electronic circuits, mainly for superconducting quantum interference device provides signal, are determined superconducting quantum interference device working point and are carried out communication with microcontrol processor; Use adaptive filter algorithm to suppress the moving magnetic field noise of three superconducting rings in three-dimensional three shaft position meters, its noise source is what superconducting ring disturbance magnetic field of the earth in geospace produced.Adaptive filter algorithm cardinal principle is the little variance technique of utilization, eliminates dynamic moving field noise.Mainly utilize the metallic objects such as sheet metal, wire netting, can, electromagnetic field is limited within the scope of certain space or electromagnetic intensity and is impaired to certain order of magnitude, its shielding construction form comprises shielded partitions, altogether lid shielding construction, individually shielded and double layer screen, thus can realize suppressing inside circuit crosstalk and external disturbance etc.
Described Chao leads quantum Gan Wataru device directly can not be converted to measurable voltage or electric current magnetic field, and must carry out conversion by complicated electronic circuit could be converted to measurable voltage signal by field signal, and this electronic equipment is exactly flux locked loop.Flux locked loop main operational principle is: superconducting quantum interference device will be operated in magnetic flux lock-out state, the voltage that wherein additional magnetic flux produces at superconducting quantum interference device two ends is exaggerated and is feedback to positive magnetic flux, and the response linearization of superconducting quantum interference device can be provided large dynamic range by this feedback circuit.Fig. 5 gives the flux locked loop sensing circuit schematic diagram be operated under magnetic flux pattern, and wherein the bias current of superconducting quantum interference device is steady state value I
boscillator can produce 50-500kHz sine wave or square-wave modulation signal, this signal is coupled in superconducting ring by pickup coil, the voltage of superconducting quantum interference device exports and is connected on prime amplifier by a transformer lc circuit, output in integrator through lock-in amplify again, then export flux locked loop voltage V by integrator
fLL.Wherein the dynamic resistance of superconducting quantum interference device can be transferred to suitable value by the voltage gain of choose reasonable coupled circuit, thus is optimized the noise of prime amplifier.From phaselocked loop export electric current through feedback resistance R
bfbe fed in the coil be coupled with superconducting quantum interference device, be used for offsetting additional magnetic flux and ensure that the magnetic flux in superconducting quantum interference device is constant, and R
bfthe voltage at two ends is directly proportional to additional magnetic flux, so just can by measuring R
bfthe voltage at two ends calculates flux change in superconducting ring.
Fig. 6 is three-dimensional three shaft position meter hardware design structure block diagrams, and two digital to analog converters produce two voltage levels (biased and compensation), control superconducting quantum interference device and keep moderate current source; In circuit board, square wave signal generator (frequency 5Hz) can observe superconducting quantum interference device parameter characteristic, also automatically adjust by bias control method the circuit environment that superconducting quantum interference device duty is opened in superconducting quantum interference device working point namely, automatic control technology can improve superconducting quantum interference device duty reliability and validity.; Superconducting quantum interference device electronic devices and components control the Digital Control electronic devices and components of superconducting quantum interference device duty, by digital control electronic devices and components (Fig. 6), both can heat superconducting quantum interference device, also can switch superconducting quantum interference device electronic devices and components operator scheme (as restarting flux locked loop).Export magnetic flux signal in superconducting quantum interference device electronic devices and components to amplify through exporting buffering, the magnetic flux signal after amplification is by modulation control flux locked loop.The hardware module Floor Plan Technique for Integrated Circuits of described superconduction weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer mainly adopts module partition method, when carrying out layout, the division of module should keep designing consistent with primary circuit as far as possible, even without obvious benefit, just original module frame is not destroyed, to maintain the clear and definite corresponding relation between layout and circuit design, the maintenance work in layout verification and modification and use procedure is easily implemented.The maximum feature of module partition method is to take into account timeliness or complexity is considered, and layout engineering staff simultaneously and carry out the design of each module placement independently, can reduce the overall situation working time, is conducive to estimating and effective grasp of progress of work time-histories.Power lead is as far as possible with dendroid distribution, and it to interlock for principle, and should avoid mutual leap, if desired with channel mode line, but should avoid by nonmetallic materials, in order to avoid cause pressure drop.Signal wire line distance is more short better, and should avoid connecting by channel mode, reduces the impedance on signal wire only, eliminates contingent decay in circuit.Data bus cabling should keep the consistent of path or distance, has and directly the neutralization of bus through each module is distributed in the gap of each module.Printed-wiring board (PWB) mainly adopts dual platen and multilayer board, and to increase wiring area, its principal feature is can densification, high reliability, designability, productibility, testability, drillability rate and maintainability.Components and parts selected by hardware module all meet GB or general international standard, and select integrated, digitizing components and parts as far as possible, to ensure life life cycle and the performance reliability of components and parts.Pin settles the required pin considered to have two classes: the I/O pin of welding block and functional module.The design of hardware module process compatible is main adopts bipolar and CMOS technology, and the metal half field effect transistor (MOSFET) utilizing film full-exhaustion SOI film to manufacture not only has that stray capacitance is little, capability of resistance to radiation strong, can eliminate latch up effect completely, can suppress Punchthrough and hot carrier's effect and greatly improve the advantages such as communication effect.And different from general body silicon device, there is double grid and laterally wait special effects, widespread use can be obtained in high frequency and high-power circuit.
Described microcontrol processor inside comprises three signal processing channels, these three signal processing channels are connected individually with three superconducting rings of three-dimensional three shaft position meters respectively, microcontrol processor is mainly these passages and provides indispensable signal and catch output signal, and carry out exchange command stream and data stream by the form of package and three-dimensional three shaft position meters, thus realize three superconducting ring duties of control three shaft position meter and gather original field signal data; Described microcontrol processor uses Electromagnetic interference filter to suppress high-frequency electromagnetic signal noise, differential mode interference and common mode interference may be there is in high frequency electromagnetic noise simultaneously, Electromagnetic interference filter structural design adopts common mode choke and capacitor combination for suppressing common-mode noise, and adopt differential mode choke coil and capacitor combination for suppressing differential mode noise, therefore, microcontrol processor, while suppression high-frequency signal noise, also can improve the gain of high band useful signal.
Fig. 7 is multi-functional microcontrol processor hardware design structure block diagram.
Described main frame Main Function provides hardware platform for data signal processing system runs, and it can be common PC computing machine.
Described data signal processing system is that exploitation realizes under Delphi platform, main employing object-oriented programming thought, and system interface is visual, friendly, can be explored the Distribution of Magnetic Field time spectrum line chart of object by native system display.Described data signal processing system, main employing Delphi Programming with Pascal Language realizes, Delphi is can object-oriented language, there is characteristics such as supporting abstractness, inheritance and packaging effects, not only effectively can realize visual programming, and processor-oriented flow scheme design can be supported, thus can directly in implementation algorithm the condition of process flow diagram and circulation perform, make system realize reaching optimum.Fig. 8 is data signal processing system Whole Work Flow figure, Fig. 9 is data signal processing system main interface schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is data signal processing system Whole Work Flow figure, and described data signal processing system major function is as follows:
1, flux locked loop working point adjustment, comprises manual adjustments and is biased and compensates, also automatically can regulate biased and compensate;
2, quantum interfering device coil triggered functional module, freezes SQUID device under working at ultra-low temperature state for touching;
3, horizontal base line calibration function, for the benchmark of regulating time spectrum;
4, signal amplitude gain regulatory function;
5, flux locked loop Systematical control reset function;
6, low frequency filtering function;
7, signal record stores and playback function;
8, signal frequency sweep function.
Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect: superconduction weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer is a weak magnetic signal detecting devices up-to-date in the world, compared to traditional electronic magnetic instrument, superconduction weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer resolution high, precision is high, high-intelligentization, high stability.Except for except Geophysical Work, also can be used for the heart medically, brain magnetic measurement; Non-Destructive Testing etc. in engineering.In geophysical exploration, superconductive magnetometer can be used for deep metallic ore, the reconnoitring of hydrocarbon resources.
(1) superconduction weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer can be widely used in seismic monitoring, massif monitoring, road (satisfying letter containing bridge) monitoring, and the field such as mine locating, and magnetic field resolution is in first place in the world, reaches 100fT/Hz
1/2.
(2) three-dimensional three shaft position meters can help superconduction weak magnetic signal to detect magnetometer and obtain comprehensive spatial information, for determining that ore body position and border provide more information.
(3) Non-magnetic dewar has inside and outside wall double-decker to keep the low rate of evaporation of low liquid helium, and selected materials is without magnetic GRP, and its magnetic susceptibility is lower than 10
-5gs/Oe.
(4) field signal that superconducting quantum interference device receives can be converted to voltage signal by flux locked loop, so that the later stage adopts general-purpose computations machine technology to carry out analyzing and processing.
(5) multi-functional microcontrol processor, provides indispensable signal for superconducting quantum interference device three axle output channel and catches output signal, and carrying out exchange command stream and data stream with three-dimensional three shaft position meters.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is superconduction weak magnetic signal of the present invention detection magnetometer structured flowchart;
Fig. 2 is superconduction weak magnetic signal of the present invention detection magnetometer mounting structure figure;
Fig. 3 is Non-magnetic dewar appearance assumption diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the sectional view of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the flux locked loop principle of work schematic diagram in the present invention;
Fig. 6 is three-dimensional three shaft position meter hardware design structure block diagrams;
Fig. 7 is microcontrol processor hardware design structure block diagram;
Fig. 8 is data signal processing system Whole Work Flow figure;
Fig. 9 is data signal processing system main interface schematic diagram.
Embodiment
In order to make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, describe the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Superconduction weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer, comprise superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), Non-magnetic dewar, three-dimensional three shaft position meters, flux locked loop, microcontrol processor, Power supply unit, data signal processing system and main frame, substitute traditional inductive coil as magnetometer probe using low-temperature superconducting quantum interfering device, improve magnetometer sensitivity with fathom, precision (as Fig. 1).
Shown in Fig. 2, the structural relation in described superconduction weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer between core component is specific as follows:
(1) be added with liquid helium in Non-magnetic dewar (Fig. 3), want when adding liquid helium slowly, in order to avoid liquid helium splash is to health;
(2) on described three-dimensional three shaft position meters, described superconducting quantum interference device is installed, three described superconducting quantum interference devices are placed in the groove of three mutually orthogonal of described three-dimensional three shaft position meters respectively, and the tinsel of fluted external surface is fixedly connected with signal cable line;
(3) connect described three-dimensional three shaft position meters and microcontrol processor by probe rod, the signal cable line of described three-dimensional three shaft position meters passes in the middle of the probe rod of probe, is arranged on by microcontrol processor in probe rod base plane;
(4) solid three shaft position meter installing superconducting quantum interference device is put into the Non-magnetic dewar that liquid helium is housed lentamente, the front end of described probe rod is fixed in Non-magnetic dewar together with described three-dimensional three shaft position meters;
(5) base plane of described probe rod and microcontrol processor are arranged in cassette rack;
(6) concentric cable of described superconducting quantum interference device is connected with described microcontrol processor, and microcontrol processor and Power supply unit, main frame are coupled together by cable, system assembles completes.
The effect of described Non-magnetic dewar maintains superconducting quantum interference device normally to work required low temperature environment, and inner filling liquid helium is as cold-producing medium; Non-magnetic dewar has inside and outside wall double-decker, and is evacuated between inside and outside wall, reduces the heat interchange inside and outside Dewar, to keep the low rate of evaporation of inner liquid helium; Its selected materials all adopts magnetic susceptibility lower than 10
-5the non-magnetic material of Gs/Oe-without magnetic GRP, non-magnetic material can avoid the induced magnetism noise occurred under action of alternating magnetic field, this without magnetic GRP for be formed by specific epoxy bonding agent, polyurethane curing agent and other agent adhering and solidifying without magnetic glass fibre;
Described superconducting quantum interference device is made up of a radio frequency supraconduction quantum interferometer (RF-SQUID) or is made up of two DC superconducting quantum interference device (DC-SQUID) Weak link, and the supraconductivity at Weak link place is subject to strong inhibition; Described superconducting quantum interference device grows up in Josephson effect and flux quautization effect basis, the subtle change of Electric and magnetic fields can be converted to measurable voltage, its performance, considerably beyond conventional device, has high magnetic field sensitivity, can detect 10
-16t/ (Hz)
1/2weak magentic-field signal, there is the magnetic field sensitivity that other traditional sensors are incomparable; Described superconducting quantum interference device is operated in about 4K under liquid helium low-temperature condition.
For the comprehensive measurement Distribution of Magnetic Field in implementation space, three-dimensional three shaft position meters comprise three mutually orthogonal superconducting rings, each superconducting ring all embedded connection superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), so that can dynamic compensation magnetic disturbance; Three-dimensional three shaft position meter hardwired electronic circuits, mainly for superconducting quantum interference device provides signal, are determined superconducting quantum interference device working point and are carried out communication with microcontrol processor; Use adaptive filter algorithm to suppress the moving magnetic field noise of three superconducting rings in three-dimensional three shaft position meters, its noise source is what superconducting ring disturbance magnetic field of the earth in geospace produced.Adaptive filter algorithm cardinal principle is the little variance technique of utilization, eliminates dynamic moving field noise.Mainly utilize the metallic objects such as sheet metal, wire netting, can, electromagnetic field is limited within the scope of certain space or electromagnetic intensity and is impaired to certain order of magnitude, its shielding construction form comprises shielded partitions, altogether lid shielding construction, individually shielded and double layer screen, thus can realize suppressing inside circuit crosstalk and external disturbance etc.
Described Chao leads quantum Gan Wataru device directly can not be converted to measurable voltage or electric current magnetic field, and must carry out conversion by complicated electronic circuit could be converted to measurable voltage signal by field signal, and this electronic equipment is exactly flux locked loop.Flux locked loop main operational principle is: superconducting quantum interference device will be operated in magnetic flux lock-out state, the voltage that wherein additional magnetic flux produces at superconducting quantum interference device two ends is exaggerated and is feedback to positive magnetic flux, and the response linearization of superconducting quantum interference device can be provided large dynamic range by this feedback circuit.Fig. 5 gives the flux locked loop sensing circuit schematic diagram be operated under magnetic flux pattern, and wherein the bias current of superconducting quantum interference device is steady state value I
boscillator can produce 50-500kHz sine wave or square-wave modulation signal, this signal is coupled in superconducting ring by pickup coil, the voltage of superconducting quantum interference device exports and is connected on prime amplifier by a transformer lc circuit, output in integrator through lock-in amplify again, then export flux locked loop voltage V by integrator
fLL.Wherein the dynamic resistance of superconducting quantum interference device can be transferred to suitable value by the voltage gain of choose reasonable coupled circuit, thus is optimized the noise of prime amplifier.From phaselocked loop export electric current through feedback resistance R
bfbe fed in the coil be coupled with superconducting quantum interference device, be used for offsetting additional magnetic flux and ensure that the magnetic flux in superconducting quantum interference device is constant, and R
bfthe voltage at two ends is directly proportional to additional magnetic flux, so just can by measuring R
bfthe voltage at two ends calculates flux change in superconducting ring.
Fig. 6 is three-dimensional three shaft position meter hardware design structure block diagrams, and two digital to analog converters produce two voltage levels (biased and compensation), control superconducting quantum interference device and keep moderate current source; In circuit board, square wave signal generator (frequency 5Hz) can observe superconducting quantum interference device parameter characteristic, also automatically adjust by bias control method the circuit environment that superconducting quantum interference device duty is opened in superconducting quantum interference device working point namely, automatic control technology can improve superconducting quantum interference device duty reliability and validity.; Superconducting quantum interference device electronic devices and components control the Digital Control electronic devices and components of superconducting quantum interference device duty, by digital control electronic devices and components (Fig. 6), both can heat superconducting quantum interference device, also can switch superconducting quantum interference device electronic devices and components operator scheme (as restarting flux locked loop).Export magnetic flux signal in superconducting quantum interference device electronic devices and components to amplify through exporting buffering, the magnetic flux signal after amplification is by modulation control flux locked loop.The hardware module Floor Plan Technique for Integrated Circuits of described superconduction weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer mainly adopts module partition method, when carrying out layout, the division of module should keep designing consistent with primary circuit as far as possible, even without obvious benefit, just original module frame is not destroyed, to maintain the clear and definite corresponding relation between layout and circuit design, the maintenance work in layout verification and modification and use procedure is easily implemented.The maximum feature of module partition method is to take into account timeliness or complexity is considered, and layout engineering staff simultaneously and carry out the design of each module placement independently, can reduce the overall situation working time, is conducive to estimating and effective grasp of progress of work time-histories.Power lead is as far as possible with dendroid distribution, and it to interlock for principle, and should avoid mutual leap, if desired with channel mode line, but should avoid by nonmetallic materials, in order to avoid cause pressure drop.Signal wire line distance is more short better, and should avoid connecting by channel mode, reduces the impedance on signal wire only, eliminates contingent decay in circuit.Data bus cabling should keep the consistent of path or distance, has and directly the neutralization of bus through each module is distributed in the gap of each module.Printed-wiring board (PWB) mainly adopts dual platen and multilayer board, and to increase wiring area, its principal feature is can densification, high reliability, designability, productibility, testability, drillability rate and maintainability.Components and parts selected by hardware module all meet GB or general international standard, and select integrated, digitizing components and parts as far as possible, to ensure life life cycle and the performance reliability of components and parts.Pin settles the required pin considered to have two classes: the I/O pin of welding block and functional module.The design of hardware module process compatible is main adopts bipolar and CMOS technology, and the metal half field effect transistor (MOSFET) utilizing film full-exhaustion SOI film to manufacture not only has that stray capacitance is little, capability of resistance to radiation strong, can eliminate latch up effect completely, can suppress Punchthrough and hot carrier's effect and greatly improve the advantages such as communication effect.And different from general body silicon device, there is double grid and laterally wait special effects, widespread use can be obtained in high frequency and high-power circuit.
Described microcontrol processor inside comprises three signal processing channels, these three signal processing channels are connected individually with three superconducting rings of three-dimensional three shaft position meters respectively, microcontrol processor is mainly these passages and provides indispensable signal and catch output signal, and carry out exchange command stream and data stream by the form of package and three-dimensional three shaft position meters, thus realize three superconducting ring duties of control three shaft position meter and gather original field signal data; Described microcontrol processor uses Electromagnetic interference filter to suppress high-frequency electromagnetic signal noise, differential mode interference and common mode interference may be there is in high frequency electromagnetic noise simultaneously, Electromagnetic interference filter structural design adopts common mode choke and capacitor combination for suppressing common-mode noise, and adopt differential mode choke coil and capacitor combination for suppressing differential mode noise, therefore, microcontrol processor, while suppression high-frequency signal noise, also can improve the gain of high band useful signal.
Fig. 7 is multi-functional microcontrol processor hardware design structure block diagram.
Described main frame Main Function provides hardware platform for data signal processing system runs, and it can be common PC computing machine.
Described data signal processing system is that exploitation realizes under Delphi platform, main employing object-oriented programming thought, and system interface is visual, friendly, can be explored the Distribution of Magnetic Field time spectrum line chart of object by native system display.Described data signal processing system, main employing Delphi Programming with Pascal Language realizes, Delphi is can object-oriented language, there is characteristics such as supporting abstractness, inheritance and packaging effects, not only effectively can realize visual programming, and processor-oriented flow scheme design can be supported, thus can directly in implementation algorithm the condition of process flow diagram and circulation perform, make system realize reaching optimum.Fig. 8 is data signal processing system Whole Work Flow figure, Fig. 9 is data signal processing system main interface schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is data signal processing system Whole Work Flow figure, and described data signal processing system major function is as follows:
1, flux locked loop working point adjustment, comprises manual adjustments and is biased and compensates, also automatically can regulate biased and compensate;
2, quantum interfering device coil triggered functional module, freezes SQUID device under working at ultra-low temperature state for touching;
3, horizontal base line calibration function, for the benchmark of regulating time spectrum;
4, signal amplitude gain regulatory function;
5, flux locked loop Systematical control reset function;
6, low frequency filtering function;
7, signal record stores and playback function;
8, signal frequency sweep function.
Claims (7)
1. superconduction weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer, comprise superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), Non-magnetic dewar, three-dimensional three shaft position meters, flux locked loop, microcontrol processor, Power supply unit, data signal processing system and main frame, it is characterized in that, substitute traditional inductive coil as magnetometer probe using low-temperature superconducting quantum interfering device, improve magnetometer sensitivity with fathom, precision.
2. superconduction weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Liquid helium is added with in described Non-magnetic dewar (Fig. 3); Described three-dimensional three shaft position meters install described superconducting quantum interference device, and three described superconducting quantum interference devices are placed in the groove of three mutually orthogonal of described three-dimensional three shaft position meters respectively, and the tinsel of fluted external surface is fixedly connected with signal cable line; Connect described three-dimensional three shaft position meters and microcontrol processor by probe rod, the signal cable line of described three-dimensional three shaft position meters passes in the middle of the probe rod of probe, is arranged on by microcontrol processor in probe rod base plane; Solid three shaft position meter installing superconducting quantum interference device puts into the Non-magnetic dewar that liquid helium is housed, and the front end of described probe rod is fixed in Non-magnetic dewar together with described three-dimensional three shaft position meters; The base plane of described probe rod and microcontrol processor are arranged in cassette rack; The concentric cable of described superconducting quantum interference device is connected with described microcontrol processor, microcontrol processor and Power supply unit, main frame is coupled together by cable.
3. superconduction weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described Non-magnetic dewar has inside and outside wall double-decker, and is evacuated between inside and outside wall, reduces the heat interchange inside and outside Dewar; Its selected materials all adopts magnetic susceptibility lower than 10
-5the non-magnetic material of Gs/Oe-without magnetic GRP, this without magnetic GRP for be formed by specific epoxy bonding agent, polyurethane curing agent and other agent adhering and solidifying without magnetic glass fibre.
4. superconduction weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described superconducting quantum interference device is made up of a radio frequency supraconduction quantum interferometer (RF-SQUID) or is made up of two DC superconducting quantum interference device (DC-SQUID) Weak link, and the supraconductivity at Weak link place is subject to strong inhibition; The subtle change of Electric and magnetic fields can be converted to measurable voltage by described superconducting quantum interference device, has high magnetic field sensitivity, can detect 10
-16t/ (Hz)
1/2weak magentic-field signal, there is the magnetic field sensitivity that other traditional sensors are incomparable; Described superconducting quantum interference device is operated in about 4K under liquid helium low-temperature condition.
5. superconduction weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
For the comprehensive measurement Distribution of Magnetic Field in implementation space, three-dimensional three shaft position meters comprise three mutually orthogonal superconducting rings, each superconducting ring all embedded connection superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), so that can dynamic compensation magnetic disturbance; Three-dimensional three shaft position meter hardwired electronic circuits provide signal for superconducting quantum interference device, determine superconducting quantum interference device working point and carry out communication with microcontrol processor; Adaptive filter algorithm is used to suppress the moving magnetic field noise of three superconducting rings in three-dimensional three shaft position meters.
6. superconduction weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described microcontrol processor inside comprises three signal processing channels, these three signal processing channels are connected individually with three superconducting rings of three-dimensional three shaft position meters respectively, microcontrol processor is mainly these passages and provides indispensable signal and catch output signal, and carry out exchange command stream and data stream by the form of package and three-dimensional three shaft position meters, thus realize three superconducting ring duties of control three shaft position meter and gather original field signal data; Described microcontrol processor uses Electromagnetic interference filter to suppress high-frequency electromagnetic signal noise, differential mode interference and common mode interference may be there is in high frequency electromagnetic noise simultaneously, Electromagnetic interference filter structural design adopts common mode choke and capacitor combination for suppressing common-mode noise, and adopt differential mode choke coil and capacitor combination for suppressing differential mode noise, while suppression high-frequency signal noise, also can improve the gain of high band useful signal.
7. superconduction weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described data signal processing system is that exploitation realizes under Delphi platform, and described data signal processing system major function is as follows:
1) flux locked loop working point adjustment, comprises manual adjustments and is biased and compensates, also automatically can regulate biased and compensate;
2) quantum interfering device coil triggered functional module, freezes SQUID device under working at ultra-low temperature state for touching;
3) horizontal base line calibration function, for the benchmark of regulating time spectrum;
4) signal amplitude gain regulatory function;
5) flux locked loop Systematical control reset function;
6) low frequency filtering function;
7) signal record stores and playback function;
8) signal frequency sweep function.
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