CN104328044A - Illumination-carbon dioxide united-regulation and control photo-bioreactor - Google Patents
Illumination-carbon dioxide united-regulation and control photo-bioreactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN104328044A CN104328044A CN201410604418.3A CN201410604418A CN104328044A CN 104328044 A CN104328044 A CN 104328044A CN 201410604418 A CN201410604418 A CN 201410604418A CN 104328044 A CN104328044 A CN 104328044A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/02—Photobioreactors
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- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M31/00—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light
- C12M31/10—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light by light emitting elements located inside the reactor, e.g. LED or OLED
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- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/06—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of illumination
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Abstract
The invention relates to a novel photo-bioreactor, which, during a photoautotrophic cultivation process, is specifically used for implementing replenishment of carbon dioxide matched with light intensity by virtue of dynamic regulation of carbon dioxide by detecting changes of illumination intensity for photosynthesis and the concentration of liquid carbon dioxide in the system and calculating the replenishing speed of carbon dioxide. The photo-bioreactor disclosed by the invention is used for effectively guaranteeing the coordination of energy and material input in the photosynthesis and especially applicable to outdoor cultivation which uses natural light as a light source.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to a kind of bioreactor of novelty, the light autotrophy being applied to micro-algae, photosynthetic bacterium etc. is cultivated.
Background technology:
Micro-algae, photosynthetic bacterium etc. can utilize its photosynthetical system, efficient absorption sun power, fixation of C O
2produce biomass, thus obtain the concern of bio-engineering research and production, be expected to be used widely in the production of bioenergy, bio-based materials and high level goods.Wherein, it is the important step that these type of Biological resources of exploitation are applied that bioreactor is cultivated, and is especially needing the field of carrying out large scale culturing.
In bioreactor, the energy of biological growth comes from solar energy, and therefore, in scale processes, how can make full use of solar energy is that bioreactor is cultivated required consideration and breaks through.Different from source of artificial light, solar source has unstable, and the efficiency of light energy utilization of cultivating cannot be improved.As in theory, the efficiency of light energy utilization of microdisk electrode can close to 10%, and in fact directly utilize sunlight to cultivate, and its efficiency of light energy utilization only has 1 ~ 2%.
In order to improve the efficiency of light energy utilization, a feasible method is by luminous energy and photosynthetic raw material---the intake of carbonic acid gas matches, namely according to the input of luminous energy input dynamic adjustments carbonic acid gas.At present, common carbonic acid gas dynamic adjustments major way carries out according to pH value, passes into the time to set pH as target carbonic acid gas.This adjustment generally has hysteresis quality and passivity.Under natural lighting condition, illumination, with rain or shine changing, lacks regular, is difficult to determine that optimum pH under different light is as controling parameters.Therefore, be necessary to find a kind of direct control method based on intensity of illumination.
Sunlight is continuous spectrum, wherein only has 400nm ~ 700nm wavelength region to be that photosynthetical system can utilize, namely so-called photosynthetically active radiation (PAR).During light autotrophy is cultivated, whole chemical energy that biomass accumulate are all from solar energy, and the quantity of the chemical energy that biomass accumulate can obtain by measuring the combustion heat.Simultaneously, in normal growth process, for specific photosynthetic organism, in specific bioreactor, the optical energy utilization efficiency, carbon dioxide fixation efficiency etc. of its production biomass all can be measured by independent experiment, empirically constant uses, and this is for estimating that based on principle of conservation of energy needed for the biological growth under different illumination conditions, carbon source provides possibility.Obtain by pH value information the liquid phase carbon dioxide concentration that culture systems can be actual again, use mass transfercomputation formula and Henry formula, namely can obtain required gas phase carbon dioxide concentration, functional quality under meter gives Dynamic Matching.
When being in without photostage, i.e. night, respiration can consume a certain amount of biomass, when maintaining cell survive, can reduce biomass loss and unnecessary energy consumption that respiration brings.As, for micro-algae, oxygen intake at minimum night can be determined by the change measuring its chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters.
Based on above-mentioned analysis, the present invention supplies as setting out to distribute useful energy and carbon source in bioreactor rationally, the dynamic realtime achieving efficient intensity and carbonic acid gas supply regulates and controls, for culture efficiency, the reduction energy consumption improving bioreactor provides new technology possibility.
Summary of the invention
Cultivating essence for bioreactor is that luminous energy and carbonic acid gas are converted to the chemical energy stored with biomass form under photosynthetical system effect, the present invention proposes a kind of bioreactor that can utilize the carbonic acid gas match and regulate of light intensity based on photosynthesis of novelty, on conventional bioreactor basis, based on energy balance, realize the coordination of energy and material inputs in culture systems.Accompanying drawing one is shown in by the schematic diagram of reactor, specifically comprises:
1, a kind of illumination-carbonic acid gas combined regulating bioreactor, it is characterized in that, utilize light intensity sensor and pH sensor to detect the incident intensity of incubator, transmitted light intensity and pH, the carbonic acid gas recharge rate of computing system demand, carry out the dynamic adjustments of carbonic acid gas:
(1) that 1. and 2. light intensity sensor measures is photosynthetically active radiation intensity (PAR, unit μm ol/ (m
2s)), incident I is designated as respectively
inwith transmission I
out;
(2) by incident intensity and culture Photosynthetic Characteristics value---saturated light intensity, judge whether incident light reaches capacity light intensity.When light intensity exceedes saturated light intensity, pretend as incident I with saturated light
incarry out subsequent calculations; Saturated light intensity measures see method described in document [Chen Genyun etc., Photosynthetic and the corresponding observation procedure of carbonic acid gas are inquired into, " Mol.Biol. ", 2006,32 (6): 691-696]
(3) formula N=1.6 ~ 2.0 × 0.217 × K × (I is utilized
in-I
out) × A/H carries out the calculating of carbonic acid gas demand rate, and its unit is g/s, and wherein (H, unit J/g, span is at 1.6 ~ 2.4x10 for biomass calorific value
4j/g), biomass and carbon dioxide fixation ratio (span 1.6 ~ 2.0), mean P AR energy conversion relation (1 μm of ol/ (m
2s)=0.217W/m
2, with 550nm photon energy gauge), illuminating area (A, unit m
2) and optical energy utilization efficiency (K, usual value is 0.01 ~ 0.09);
(4) pH is utilized in conjunction with pH to the gas concentration lwevel C (mol/L) [Maritime Press, publishes for 1993 for Cui Qingchen etc., thalassochemistry dictionary] in Solubilities of Carbon Dioxide curve acquisition liquid phase;
(5) based on N, C that (3), (4) obtain, mass transfer formula N=K is utilized
l(C*-C) the carbonic acid gas liquid concentration C balanced with gaseous phase partial pressure obtained required for expection carbonic acid gas transfer rate N is calculated
*(mol/L), wherein get mass transfer coefficient and equal K
l=0.0045m/s;
(6) the gas phase carbon dioxide concentration required for Henry formulae discovery is utilized, P=E*C
*, get Henry'S coefficient value E=1.64x10
3atm;
(7) complete the calculating needed for (3)-(6) in controller (4.), and according to the result of (6), quality of regulation under meter (5., 6.), obtains the carbonic acid gas supply of mating with light intensity;
(8) when unglazed according to time, controller 4. closing carbon dioxide mass flowmeter 6., turn down air flow meter flow is 5. the 20-50% of illumination level simultaneously.
Inventive principle:
The essence of optical-biological reaction is the photosynthesis by biology, is biomass, fixes the process of luminous energy simultaneously by water and carbon dioxide conversion, and bioreactor provides an environment optimized for said process.Water is excessive far away for bioreactor, and therefore, the main parameter needing optimization is exactly light and carbonic acid gas.In order to realize the coordination coupling of both, need a kind of practicable real-time control device.
The present invention is based on energy balance, consider the coupling between the input of effective luminous energy and carbonic acid gas rate of mass transfer, namely the luminous energy of real-time estimation input system can fix how many carbonic acid gas, and these carbonic acid gas need great rate of mass transfer to mate, again in conjunction with aqueous phase gas concentration lwevel, finally determine to pass into gas concentration lwevel suitable in gas.
Meanwhile, consume the consideration of biomass based on night respiration effect, suitably turn down the oxygen content passed in gas, also by part respiration always, under the condition maintaining cytoactive, also contribute to the amount improving biomass, reduce energy consumption.As with 10 hours nights, air flow is reduced to 20% of daytime, and the ventilation energy consumption in overall operation process will drop to original 2/3rds.
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) coupling of energy input and carbon source input in bioreactor is achieved;
(2) by reducing without amount in ventilation in photostage (oxygen), part suppresses micro-algae respiration, decreases because breathing the biomass loss and extra CO that cause
2release;
(3) optimization of air flow contributes to the reduction of vent portion energy consumption.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1, device schematic diagram.1. incident light sensor, 2. light transmissive sensor, 3. pH sensor, 4. controller, 5. air mass flow amount controller, 6. carbonic acid gas mass flow controller and 7. culture vessel.
Embodiment
Concrete apparatus structure is shown in Fig. 1:
For 500mL culture systems: 500mL bubbling style cylindrical reactor, bottom is the aeration board of sintered glass.Reactor height 50-60cm, diameter 5cm, wall thickness 2mm, in-built algae liquid 500mL.One-sided fluorescent lamp illumination, culture systems input light intensity 50-2000 μm of ol/ (m
2s).
For 100L culture systems: using the wide x of long x high is the transparent pane shape culture vessel of 1.2m x 0.1m x 1.1m, and bottom is provided with gas distribution tube, with fluorescent lamp, (culture systems input light intensity is 50-250 μm of ol/ (m
2s)) or natural light (culture systems input light intensity be 50-2000 μm of ol/ (m
2s)) be light source, in-built algae liquid 100L.
For above-mentioned culture systems, 2. the outer side surface appearing sidewall in the visible ray of culture vessel is provided with the first light intensity sensor 1. with the second light intensity sensor, first light intensity sensor is 1. positioned at the top of culture vessel and its present position is in the top of the micro algae culturing liquid liquid level of culture vessel, and the second light intensity sensor is 2. positioned at the middle and lower part of culture vessel and its present position is in the below of the micro algae culturing liquid liquid level of culture vessel; 3. one pH sensor inserts under the micro algae culturing liquid liquid level in culture vessel; 7. be provided with gas distributor in bottom in container, gas distributor is connected with carbonic acid gas with air with carbonic acid gas mass flow controller through air mass flow amount controller respectively by pipeline;
First light intensity sensor 1., the second light intensity sensor 2., pH sensor 3., 4. air mass flow amount controller be connected with controller respectively by wire with carbonic acid gas mass flow controller.4. controller is micro-chip; Air mass flow amount controller and carbonic acid gas mass flow controller are mass-flow gas meter.
Embodiment 1,
Utilize Determination of Combustion Heat device to the micro-algae of several typical case, comprise lsochrysis zhanjiangensis (chrysophyceae), four slit bamboo or chopped wood algaes (marine green algae), chlorella (green algate of fresh water) and spirulina (blue-green algae) combustion heat value measure, be respectively: 2.2 ± 0.08,1.7 ± 0.02,2.0 ± 0.03 and 2.1 ± 0.01, unit x10
4j/g.
Be culture with lsochrysis zhanjiangensis, measure in different culture systems, under comprising fluorescent light source, (culture systems input light intensity is 50-250 μm of ol/ (m
2s)) under 0.5L tubular type gas lift reactor, 1L plate-type reactor, 1.5L plate-type reactor, 3L shaking flask, 30L plate-type reactor, 100L plate-type reactor and natural light, (culture systems input light intensity is 50-2000 μm of ol/ (m
2s)) 100L plate-type reactor, during to gather in the crops, biomass increment is respectively the efficiency of light energy utilization that total input luminous energy calculates: 9.3%, 6.0%, 6.4%, 3.9%, 3.2%, 3.5% and 1.2%.
Embodiment 2,
Under standard 3x F/2 culture medium condition, in 500mL tubular type bioreactor, ventilating according to the Ventilation Rate of 100mL/min, (illumination section adds the CO of volume ratio 2%
2), 14:10 Light To Dark Ratio is cultivated lsochrysis zhanjiangensis, and the unglazed section air flow that shines is adjusted to 50% and 20% of normal level respectively, measures unglazed section of shining and starts and F during end point
v/ F
mchange ratio, compare normal level, 50% and 20% group of decline respectively 1.0% and 7.5%, determine that the air flow of 20% is minimum air flow.Wherein low air flow biomass content 0.423g/L, the 0.389g/L height about 8.7% of compared with normal ventilation group.
Embodiment 3,
On culture condition basis described in embodiment 2, pass on the constant basis of speed at maintenance air, use Controlling Technology of the present invention, carry out dynamic CO
2the lsochrysis zhanjiangensis added is cultivated.With CMC model described in embodiment 2 for contrast.Cultivation results shows, uses and dynamically adds system, under same incubation time, and the CO in system
2pass into that total amount drops to control group less than 70%, meanwhile, biomass has the increase of 5-40% compared with control group, and average increase ratio is 20%.
Claims (5)
1. illumination-carbonic acid gas combined regulating bioreactor, is characterized in that:
Employing side wall surface is that the container (7.) of transparent material carries out microdisk electrode, light source is provided with in the side of culture vessel, the visible ray that light source sends is incident in culture vessel by the transparent sidewall in the side of culture vessel, is appeared by the transparent sidewall of the opposite side of corresponding culture vessel;
The outer side surface appearing sidewall in the visible ray of culture vessel is provided with the first light intensity sensor (1.) and the second light intensity sensor (2.), first light intensity sensor (1.) is positioned at the top of culture vessel and its present position is in the top of the micro algae culturing liquid liquid level of culture vessel, and the second light intensity sensor is 2. positioned at the middle and lower part of culture vessel and its present position is in the below of the micro algae culturing liquid liquid level of culture vessel; One pH sensor (3.) inserts under the micro algae culturing liquid liquid level in culture vessel; Be provided with gas distributor in container (7.) bottom, gas distributor is connected with carbonic acid gas with air with carbonic acid gas mass flow controller through air mass flow amount controller respectively by pipeline;
First light intensity sensor (1.), the second light intensity sensor (2.), pH sensor (3.), air mass flow amount controller are connected with controller (4.) respectively by wire with carbonic acid gas mass flow controller.
2. according to reactor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: 4. controller is micro-chip; Air mass flow amount controller and carbonic acid gas mass flow controller are mass-flow gas meter.
3. an application for reactor described in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that:
Reactor described in claim 1 or 2 is adopted to carry out the illumination cultivation of micro-algae:
First, second light intensity sensor (1., 2.) and pH sensor (3.) is utilized to detect the incident intensity of incubator (7.), transmitted light intensity and pH, 4. calculated the carbonic acid gas recharge rate of microdisk electrode system demand by controller, carry out the dynamic adjustments of carbonic acid gas and air:
(1) that measure is photosynthetically active radiation intensity (PAR, unit μm ol/ (m to first, second light intensity sensor (1. and 2.)
2s)), incident I is designated as respectively
inwith transmission I
out;
(2) by incident intensity and culture Photosynthetic Characteristics value---saturated light intensity, judge whether incident light reaches capacity light intensity; When light intensity exceedes saturated light intensity, pretend as incident I with saturated light
incarry out subsequent calculations;
(3) formula N=1.6 ~ 2.0 × 0.217 × K × (I is utilized
in-I
out) × A/H carries out the calculating of carbonic acid gas demand rate, and its unit is g/s, and wherein (H, unit J/g, span is at 1.6 ~ 2.4x10 for biomass calorific value
4j/g), biomass and carbon dioxide fixation ratio (span 1.6 ~ 2.0), mean P AR energy conversion relation (1 μm of ol/ (m
2s)=0.217W/m
2, with 550nm photon energy gauge), illuminating area (A, unit m
2) and optical energy utilization efficiency (K, usual value is 0.01 ~ 0.09);
(4) pH is utilized in conjunction with pH to the gas concentration lwevel C (mol/L) in Solubilities of Carbon Dioxide curve acquisition nutrient solution;
(5) based on N, C that (3), (4) obtain, mass transfer formula N=K is utilized
l(C
*-C) calculate the carbonic acid gas liquid concentration C balanced with gaseous phase partial pressure obtained required for expection carbonic acid gas transfer rate N
*(mol/L), wherein get mass transfer coefficient and equal K
l=0.0045m/s;
(6) gas phase carbon dioxide concentration in the gas distributor required for Henry formulae discovery is utilized, P=E*C
*, get Henry'S coefficient value E=1.64x10
3atm;
(7) in controller (4.), complete the computation process needed for above-mentioned steps (3)-(6), and according to the calculation result of step (6), regulate the gas flow of air mass flow amount controller and carbonic acid gas mass flow controller (5., 6.) to realize gas phase carbon dioxide concentration in gas distributor to desired concn by controller (4.), make culture system obtain the carbonic acid gas supply of mating with light intensity.
4., according to application according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
The light culture process of micro-algae is carried out when adopting reactor described in claim 1 or 2:
When the input light intensity of microdisk electrode system is less than or equal to 10 μMs of m
-2s
-1time, by controller 4. closing carbon dioxide mass flow controller (6.), turn down the 20-50% of air flow meter flow 5. to micro-algae light culturing process MAF simultaneously.
5. according to method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the autotrophy that described bioreactor is applicable to micro-algae is cultivated, and comprises green alga, chrysophyceae, diatom or spirulina.
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| CN105985910A (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2016-10-05 | 华东理工大学 | Novel method and process for carbon supplement during microalgae culture |
| GB2542817A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-04-05 | Subitec Gmbh | Bioreactor |
| CN106867890A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2017-06-20 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | A kind of microdisk electrode Optimal Control System and method |
| EP3190170A1 (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2017-07-12 | Subitec Gmbh | Bioreactor with separate co2 supply |
| CN108132233A (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2018-06-08 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | A kind of microalgae nutritional supplementation control method based on cell light-use level |
| CN109102420A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2018-12-28 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of acquisition methods of the two-dimentional combined regulating target area based on regulation benefit priority |
| CN109609342A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-12 | 浙江科技学院 | Utilize the haematococcus pluvialis culture systems of power-plant flue gas |
| CN109642192A (en) * | 2016-04-04 | 2019-04-16 | 国家信息及自动化研究院 | Selectivity organism reactor for microalgae |
| CN110647196A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2020-01-03 | 全元通通讯股份有限公司 | Active indoor planting dynamic carbon dioxide concentration adjusting system |
| CN114410425A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-04-29 | 冯鸿彬 | Photosynthetic microorganism culture apparatus |
| CN114431131A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-05-06 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Aeration culture method for improving survival rate of algae |
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| CN109102420A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2018-12-28 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of acquisition methods of the two-dimentional combined regulating target area based on regulation benefit priority |
| CN109609342A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-12 | 浙江科技学院 | Utilize the haematococcus pluvialis culture systems of power-plant flue gas |
| CN109609342B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2021-10-15 | 浙江科技学院 | Utilize haematococcus pluvialis culture system of power plant's flue gas |
| CN110647196A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2020-01-03 | 全元通通讯股份有限公司 | Active indoor planting dynamic carbon dioxide concentration adjusting system |
| CN114431131A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-05-06 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Aeration culture method for improving survival rate of algae |
| CN114410425A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-04-29 | 冯鸿彬 | Photosynthetic microorganism culture apparatus |
| CN114410425B (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2024-02-06 | 上海知楚仪器有限公司 | Photosynthetic microorganism culture apparatus |
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