CN104323284A - Mulberry leaf gamma-aminobutyric acid crude extract preparation method - Google Patents
Mulberry leaf gamma-aminobutyric acid crude extract preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104323284A CN104323284A CN201410551918.5A CN201410551918A CN104323284A CN 104323284 A CN104323284 A CN 104323284A CN 201410551918 A CN201410551918 A CN 201410551918A CN 104323284 A CN104323284 A CN 104323284A
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of food processing, and in particular discloses a mulberry leaf gamma-aminobutyric acid crude extract preparation method. The method is as follows: S1. taking fresh mulberry leaves, washing, adding the appropriate amount of distilled water, performing freezing treatment at-80-0 DEG C for 6-24 hours; S2. taking the freezing treated mulberry leaves out for juicing to obtain extracting liquid; and S3. performing vacuum drying on the extracting liquid to obtain a gamma-aminobutyric acid crude extract. The mulberry leaf gamma-aminobutyric acid crude extract preparation method solves the technical difficulties that the mulberry leaves are not easy to crush, polysaccharide content is increased, and concentrate drying is not easy, mulberry leaf gamma-aminobutyric acid is extracted by freezing extraction method, freezing treatment can break cells, and is conducive to gamma-aminobutyric acid dissolution, at the same time the freezing-treated mulberry leaves ice up and harden, are conducive to juicing, the crushing pretreatment is omitted, in subsequent concentration treatment, the polysaccharide content is low, and the method is conducive to obtaining of a solid extract.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to food processing field, more specifically, relate to a kind of preparation method of mulberry leaf gamma-aminobutyric acid crude extract.
Background technology
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid is called for short GABA) is a kind of four carbon nonprotein amino acid, has another name called amino acid injection-800.After Stewated etc. finds GABA first in potato haulm block, Roberts and Udenfriend found GABA respectively in 1950 in mammalian brain, research subsequently shows that GABA is widely distributed, animal, all existence is had in plant and microorganism, it is a kind of inhibitory transmitter of mammalian nervous maincenter, there is important physiological function, there is adjustment blood pressure, impel ataraxy, promote brain blood flow, promote brain vigor, trophic nerve cell, increase growth hormone secretion, strong liver profit kidney, promote the multiple efficacies such as alcohol metabolism (sobering up).Along with understanding in depth GABA physiological function, GABA is more and more received the concern of the industries such as medicine, food, chemical industry, agricultural as a kind of novel functional component, become the focus of developmental research.
The leaf that mulberry leaf (Mulberry Leaf) are moraceae plants mulberry tree, bitter, sweet, can dispelling wind and heat from the body, clear liver and improve vision, clearing away the lungheat and moisturizing is a kind of Chinese herbal medicine that NF is included, the function of just " mulberry leaf are hand, the bright medicine of foot sun; juice decocts Dai Ming, can only quench one's thirst " on the books in bright Compendium of Material Medica.Find the chemical composition analysis of mulberry leaf, in mulberry leaf, active material mainly comprises flavonoids, polysaccharide, polyphenol, alkaloid and amino acid etc., and in mulberry leaf, comparatively other materials is abundant for GABA content, and average content reaches the dry mulberry leaf of 22. 6 mg/kg.GABA in mulberry leaf confirms the recurrent number that significantly can reduce hypertension symptom through zoopery.
The method of existing extraction mulberry leaf GABA is that mulberry leaf are dry, then pulverizes through pulverizer, carries out mixing of proper proportion, then heat extraction with water.After mulberry leaf rinse well by Chen Hengwen (2009), first dry 30 minutes at 85 DEG C, be then cooled to 65 DEG C and dry 24 hours, crushed after being dried, then extracting, extraction conditions is temperature 50 C, solid-liquid ratio 1g:30mL, time 2 h.Also have some researchs to improve on this basis, adopt ultrasonic-microwave radiation exaraction mulberry leaf GABA, its effect is better than traditional extraction method.But there is the following problem in these methods in production application:
(1) pulverization process after mulberry leaf need drying to become fragile, if dried mulberry leaf carry out pulverization process not in time, mulberry leaf also can moisture absorption deliquescing, and need multiple baking, therefore the pulverizing of mulberry leaf is pretty troublesome.This process energy consumption is high, and pretreatment time is long, also easily damages the active component of mulberry leaf simultaneously.
(2) mulberry leaf sugar content is high, extracts mulberry leaf GABA under the condition more than 50 DEG C, and under this temperature conditions, starch can dissolve, and increase content of starch in extract, the starch in extract also can be hydrolyzed to polysaccharide further.In addition, in the process that drying is concentrated, starch is easily heated gelatinization, and add that other carbohydrates concentrate along with the evaporation of moisture, the viscosity of extract can strengthen further, mobility reduction, and the ability of adsorbed water can strengthen, and cannot be dried to solid matter; In addition the GABA concentration due to extract is low, and concentrated cost is also high, is unfavorable for follow-up development and utilization.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of preparation method of new mulberry leaf gamma-aminobutyric acid crude extract is provided.The present invention is soft according to mulberry leaf matter, not easily pulverizes, and the large not easily dry feature of mulberry-leaf extract viscosity, and research and development are a kind of easily pulverizes, and does not need Conventional solvents to extract the method that just can prepare GABA crude extract.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
S1. get new fresh mulberry leaf, clean, add appropriate distilled water ,-80 ~ 0 DEG C of freezing processing 6 ~ 24 hours;
S2. the mulberry leaf after freezing processing are taken out, squeeze the juice, obtain extract;
S3. extract vacuum drying is obtained mulberry leaf gamma-aminobutyric acid crude extract.
As a kind of preferred version, cryogenic temperature described in S1 is-80 DEG C ~-20 DEG C.
As a kind of preferred version, the time of freezing processing described in S1 is 12 ~ 24 hours.
As a kind of preferred version, the solid-liquid ratio of mulberry leaf described in S1 and distilled water is 0.24 ~ 1:1(g/mL).
As a kind of preferred version, vacuum drying temperature described in S3 is 50 DEG C.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) because mulberry leaf are softer, not easily pulverize, and can cause increasing of polyoses content in extract through high temperature water extraction, follow-up concentration difficulty, the present invention, for solve above technological difficulties simultaneously, have employed the GABA of freezing extraction method extraction mulberry leaf.Someone studies discovery before, freezing processing can improve the effect of GABA, but the present invention studies discovery, freezing processing can not improve the content of GABA in mulberry leaf, and freezing processing only plays the effect of broken cell, be conducive to the stripping of GABA, mulberry leaf simultaneously through freezing processing freeze hardening, are conducive to squeezing the juice, and remove the pre-treatment of pulverizing from, during subsequent concentration process simultaneously, polyoses content is also lower, is beneficial to and obtains solid extract.
(2) extracting method that the present invention adopts is that mulberry leaf gamma-aminobutyric acid is extracted in freezing for new fresh mulberry leaf rear direct squeezing, and mulberry leaf in traditional extraction process can be avoided to need the technical process such as drying, pulverizing.Because dry mulberry leaf are easy to moisture absorption deliquescing, cause and pulverize difficulty.The pulverizing of current mulberry leaf is still one problem to be solved.
(3) under the temperature conditions of-80 DEG C ~ 0 DEG C, mulberry leaf gamma-aminobutyric acid is extracted in squeezing, under this temperature conditions, starch is not soluble, effectively can reduce the content of the polysaccharide such as starch in extract, avoid starch in vacuum drying concentration process be heated gelatinization and carbohydrate the concentrated extract caused viscosity increase, mobility reduces, the problems such as water absorbing capacity enhancing, are conducive to the concentrate drying of extract.Because freezing extraction method extract concentration is high, be also conducive to follow-up concentration.
(4) extracting method of the present invention can avoid the destruction that high-temperature drying procedures causes mulberry leaf active material, better keeps the drug effect of mulberry leaf, avoids the reduction of GABA active function.
accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that embodiment 1 processing method is on the impact of mulberry leaf gamma-aminobutyric acid recovery rate.
Fig. 2 is that embodiment 2 Extracting temperature is on the impact of mulberry leaf gamma-aminobutyric acid recovery rate.
Fig. 3 is the impact of embodiment 3 extraction time on mulberry leaf gamma-aminobutyric acid recovery rate.
Fig. 4 is that embodiment 4 solid-liquid ratio is on the impact of mulberry leaf gamma-aminobutyric acid recovery rate.
detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment, set forth the present invention further.These embodiments are only not used in for illustration of the present invention and limit the scope of the invention.The experimental technique of unreceipted actual conditions in lower routine embodiment, usually according to this area normal condition or the condition according to manufacturer's suggestion.Unless otherwise defined, all specialties used in literary composition are identical with the meaning that scientific words and those skilled in the art are familiar with.
embodiment 1processing method is on the impact of mulberry leaf gamma-aminobutyric acid content
(1) three kinds of method process mulberry leaf are adopted respectively.Process 1: do not grind and directly squeeze the juice; Process 2: directly squeeze the juice after grinding; Process 3: squeeze the juice for freezing 24 hours after grinding.Get 1mL sample liquid after squeezeding juice 10000 r/min is centrifugal and survey GABA content, calculate the content of GABA in every gram of fresh mulberry leaf, and carry out statistical analysis with SPSS 17.0, there were significant differences in 0.01 level for result such as letter representation different in Fig. 1, figure.
Not grinding the GABA yield of directly squeezing the juice is the fresh leaf of 0.4176 mg/g; The yield of directly squeezing the juice after grinding is the fresh leaf of 0.4322 mg/g; After grinding, freezing yield of squeezing the juice for 24 hours is the fresh leaf of 0.4762 mg/g.There is not significant difference between process 1 and process 2, in other words, before freezing, whether carry out milled processed to improving the yield impact of GABA not quite to mulberry leaf, milled processed can increase operational sequence.There is significant difference between process 2 and process 3, freezing processing can effectively improve GABA content in extract.
(2) whether can improve the content of GABA in mulberry leaf to inquire into freezing processing further, done again further research and analysis, method is as follows:
The content of first time sampling determination GABA.Get new fresh mulberry leaf, shred, dividing equally after mixing is six parts, and every part takes 50g, is divided into two groups to test.Often organize three parts.
First group is control group, and mulberry leaf directly dry rear pulverizing, extracting GABA, then measures the content of GABA in extract.Method for extracting is according to the dry mulberry leaf of 1g: the ratio of 30m distilled water adds distilled water, extracting 2 hours under the condition of 50 DEG C, filters, obtains filtrate.
Second group is freezing processing group, and refrigerator and cooled mulberry leaf being put into-20 DEG C freezes taking-up drying after 6 hours, then pulverizes, extracting GABA.Method for extracting is identical with first group.
The content of second time sampling determination GABA, mulberry leaf processing method, extracting method, assay method, with first time, are only that the kind of sampling is different.
Double sampling measures the mean value of GABA content in table 1
Table 1 freezing processing is on the impact of GABA content in mulberry leaf
Table 1 result shows, both control group and freezing group, without significant difference, illustrate that freezing processing can not improve the content of GABA, and what mainly play is the effect of broken cell.
Because mulberry leaf are softer, not easily pulverize, and can cause increasing of polyoses content in extract through high temperature water extraction, follow-up concentration difficulty, the present invention, for solve above technological difficulties simultaneously, have employed the GABA of freezing extraction method extraction mulberry leaf.There is research display, freezing processing can make GABA enrichment in certain plants body, but the present embodiment result illustrates that freezing processing can not improve the content of GABA in mulberry leaf, freezing processing of the present invention plays the effect of broken cell, is conducive to the stripping of GABA, and the mulberry leaf simultaneously through freezing processing freeze hardening, be conducive to squeezing the juice, remove the pre-treatment of pulverizing from, during subsequent concentration process simultaneously, polyoses content is also lower, is beneficial to and obtains solid extract.
embodiment 2cryogenic temperature is on the impact of mulberry leaf gamma-aminobutyric acid recovery rate
Be 1g mulberry leaf at solid-liquid ratio: when 1mL distilled water and 24 hours freezing processing time, cryogenic temperature is designed to 0 DEG C ,-20 DEG C ,-40 DEG C ,-80 DEG C respectively, research cryogenic temperature is on the impact of mulberry leaf GABA extracted amount, and its result as shown in Figure 2.
Result shows, mulberry leaf GABA extracted amount raises with the reduction of temperature, and the extracted amount of 0 DEG C is the fresh leaf of 0.19 mg/g, is the fresh leaf of 0.30 mg/g-20 DEG C time, and be the fresh leaf of 0.34 mg/g-40 DEG C time, when temperature is-80 DEG C, extracted amount is substantially identical with-40 DEG C.Although the recovery rate of-40 DEG C is higher than-20 DEG C, consider that the refrigerator of-20 DEG C is more conventional, price is also cheap, therefore selects-20 DEG C to carry out freezing processing, and it is more complete to ensure extraction that GABA remaining in mulberry leaf can consider to adopt repeatedly extraction method.
Under the condition that temperature reduces, the content of GABA increases, and its possible reason is that temperature is low and is conducive to breaking of leaf cell, and is easy to directly squeeze the juice, and reduces operation.
embodiment 3cooling time is on the impact of mulberry leaf gamma-aminobutyric acid recovery rate
At solid-liquid ratio 1g mulberry leaf: 1mL distilled water and cryogenic temperature are-20 DEG C, cooling time is designed to 0.5,1,3,6,12,24,36 hour respectively, research cooling time, on the impact of mulberry leaf GABA extracted amount, the results are shown in Figure 3.In 0-12h, the extracted amount of mulberry leaf GABA increases fast along with the prolongation of extraction time, after 12h, although extracted amount increases, gathers way slowly, so determine that the freezing processing time is advisable with 12h.
embodiment 4the solid-liquid ratio of mulberry leaf and distilled water is on the impact of mulberry leaf gamma-aminobutyric acid recovery rate
When cryogenic temperature be-20 DEG C and cooling time 12 hours, solid-liquid ratio is designed to 0.08g:1mL, 0.16 g:1mL, 0.24 g:1mL g:1mL, 0.32 g:1mL, 0.40 g:1mL, 0.48 g:1mL, 0.56 g:1mL respectively, research solid-liquid ratio, on the impact of mulberry leaf GABA extracted amount, the results are shown in Figure 4.
Preferably the suitableeest solid-liquid ratio, object namely to ensure that mulberry leaf GABA extracts completely, the concentration of mulberry leaf GABA in every milliliter of extract also will be made high as far as possible simultaneously, is beneficial to the operations such as follow-up concentrated and purifying.Fig. 4 shows, along with solid-liquid ratio is increased to 0.4g:1mL from 0.08g:1mL, the extracted amount of every Ke Sangye GABA increases sharply, and after solid-liquid ratio reaches 0.40g:1mL, continues to increase solid-liquid ratio, and the extracted amount change of mulberry leaf is little.GABA concentration in extract then constantly reduces along with the increase of solid-liquid ratio.In order to ensure that mulberry leaf GABA extracts completely as far as possible, consider that again the concentration of GABA in extract should be higher simultaneously, therefore select 0.32g:1mL as the solid-liquid ratio of the best, now the recovery rate of mulberry leaf is 0.54mg/g fresh mulberry leaf, and the concentration of extract is 0.17mg/mL.
Therefore the extraction conditions determined is: cooling time 12 hours, temperature-20 DEG C, solid-liquid ratio are 0.32:1 g/mL.
embodiment 5freezing extraction method extracts GABA
Pluck new fresh mulberry leaf, clean, get mulberry leaf 2 parts of each 20g, two parts of mulberry leaf are respectively charged in polybag, in polybag, respectively add 60 mL distilled water, tighten sack, then the refrigerator and cooled being placed in-20 DEG C freezes process 24 hours, utilize low temperature that mulberry leaf are frozen hardening, leaf cell breaks, and finally mulberry leaf is taken out from polybag, feeding juice extractor is squeezed the juice, obtain mulberry leaf GABA extract, measure the content of GABA and polysaccharide in extract, the results are shown in Table 2.Finally by extract vacuum drying under 50 DEG C of conditions, obtain the GABA crude extract of solid.
comparative example 1tradition water extraction extracts GABA
Get new fresh mulberry leaf 2 parts of each 20g, dry, pulverize under 80 DEG C of conditions, according to the dry mulberry leaf of 1g: the ratio of 30mL distilled water adds 180mL distilled water, extracting 2 hours under the condition of 50 DEG C, filter, obtain filtrate.Measure the content of GABA and polysaccharide in extract respectively, the results are shown in Table 2.Finally by preparation extract under the condition of 50 DEG C through long-time vacuum drying, obtain the mash of thickness.
The traditional water of table 2 is followed the example of and is compared with the GABA content of freezing extraction method and polyoses content
Table 2 result shows, in embodiment 5, the GABA content of extract is 4.62 mg/mL, in comparative example 1, the GABA content of extract is 1.64 mg/mL, when namely adopting freezing extraction method, in extract, the content of GABA is 2.82 times of traditional extraction method, and extract concentration is high is conducive to follow-up concentrated processing.And the extracted amount of every Ke Sangye, embodiment 5 is little with comparative example 1 difference.
In embodiment 5, the polyoses content of every gram of fresh mulberry leaf is 204.83g, and the polysaccharide amount of the every gram of fresh mulberry leaf extracted in comparative example 1 is 347.91g, and the polyoses content namely in embodiment 5 is only 0.59 times of comparative example 1.Embodiment 5 finally obtains the GABA crude extract of solid by vacuum drying, comparative example 1 then obtains the mash of thickness, the content of polysaccharide is increased because conventional high-temperature extraction can cause Starch Hydrolysis in part mulberry leaf, polyoses content is more few is more conducive to follow-up concentration, therefore freezing extraction method of the present invention avoids concentration process starch gelatinization and the increase of concentrate viscosity, be beneficial to high efficiency extraction GABA, better keep the drug effect of mulberry leaf.
The above is only preferred implementation method of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a preparation method for mulberry leaf gamma-aminobutyric acid crude extract, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
S1. get new fresh mulberry leaf, clean, add appropriate distilled water ,-80 ~ 0 DEG C of freezing processing 6 ~ 24 hours;
S2. the mulberry leaf after freezing processing are taken out, squeeze the juice, obtain extract;
S3. extract vacuum drying is obtained mulberry leaf gamma-aminobutyric acid crude extract.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, cryogenic temperature described in S1 is-80 ~-20 DEG C.
3. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the time of freezing processing described in S1 is 12 ~ 24 hours.
4. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in S1, the solid-liquid ratio of mulberry leaf and distilled water is 0.24 ~ 1:1(g/mL).
5. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, vacuum drying temperature described in S3 is 50 DEG C.
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Application publication date: 20150204 |