CN104322036B - 具有优先级标记的自适应流认知网络节点、客户端和方法 - Google Patents
具有优先级标记的自适应流认知网络节点、客户端和方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
在自适应流中,视频段在一个或多个质量等级上可用,并且每个视频段被以从客户端(103)接收到的请求中指定的质量等级传递至客户端(103)。为了降低缓冲器欠载的风险,自适应流认知网络节点(101)包括:‑会话监控装置(111),用于收集指示在所述客户端(101)处被视频会话占用的缓冲器容量的缓冲器填充信息;‑优先级计算装置(112),用于依据所述缓冲器填充信息确定所述会话的视频段的优先等级;以及‑视频段标记装置(113),用于以所述优先等级标记所述会话的视频段。
Description
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及视频段的自适应流,即可以用不同质量等级传递的视频流的固定大小或可变大小的片段,所述片段典型地具有数秒的长度。这些视频片段也被称为组块或段。本发明特别地的目的在于利用自适应流来降低用于视频传递的缓冲器欠载的风险。
背景技术
视频越来越多地使用自适应流(AS)的技术来传递,例如基于自适应流(HAS)的HTTP。采用自适应流,例如文件或流的视频项被编码并在不同质量等级上可用。视频客户端基于其自己的测量结果预测最高的可持续质量等级,并以这个最高的可持续质量等级请求视频项。例如在HTTP自适应流的情况下,通过伴有清单文件的HTTP服务器使得每个段可用,所述清单文件在用于播放的可用质量等级以及请求的段方面对视频项进行描述。视频客户端通过从HTTP服务器请求清单文件来启动播放。此后,视频客户端通过发送对每一段的HTTP-GET请求来开始对视频段的下载。在HTTP-GET请求中对每个段指定期望的质量。视频客户端之中包含有自动确定每个请求的视频段的质量等级的客户端启发模式(clientheuristic)。客户端启发模式的质量选择基于客户端终端规格,例如显示器尺寸、支持的解码器、客户端设备的处理能力、诸如客户端的缓冲器中的填充等级之类的与正在进行的会话相关的信息,以及客户端自身对网络状况的预测,所述对网络状况的预测典型地为通过测量以前接收到的视频段的传送速率所感知的链路带宽。
由于视频客户端自动地确定所请求的质量等级,每个客户端应试图优化其自身的体验。视频服务器和中间单元不能对被客户端选中的质量等级进行任何的控制。由于如网络拥塞或质量等级判定算法的次优决策,在客户端侧可能发生缓冲器饥饿或缓冲器欠载,从而导致视频播放的中断或观看该视频流的用户的不适。
本发明的目的是公开了一种克服或减少上边指出的缓冲器欠载或缓冲器饥饿问题的自适应流认知系统和方法。
发明内容
根据本发明,通过能够向客户端流送视频会话的视频段的自适应流认知网络节点来实现上边确定的目标,所述视频段在一个或多个质量等级上可用,并且每个视频段被以从所述客户端接收到的请求所指定的质量等级传递到所述客户端,所述自适应流认知网络节点包括:
-会话监控装置,用于收集指示在所述客户端处已被所述视频会话占用的缓冲器容量的缓冲器填充信息;
-优先级计算装置,用于依据所述缓冲器填充信息确定所述会话的视频段的优先等级;和
-视频段标记装置,用于以所述优先等级标记所述会话的视频段。
因此,与现有系统相反,本发明将自适应视频流与会话监控和优先级设置相结合,利用在网络中实施的服务质量(QoS)机制以在网络中为由处于缓冲器器饥饿/欠载的风险中的客户端请求的视频段提供更好的处理,而现有系统中,不可能对来自由处于缓冲器饥饿的风险中的客户端请求的段的普通视频段的处理进行区分。更具体地,根据本发明的自适应流认知网络节点操作将监控客户端处由视频会话占用的缓冲器容量,并基于所述监控配置属于该视频会话的视频包或段的优先级。
根据可选的方面,根据本发明的所述自适应流认知网络节点中的所述会话监控装置可适于接收和解释来自所述客户端的专用消息,所述专用消息指示所述视频会话占用的缓冲器容量低于预先确定的阈值。
因此,收集缓冲器填充信息的一种方法可以依靠每当特定视频会话的段所占用的缓冲器容量下降到低于阈值时由客户端发送专用消息。这种实现将导致基于阈值的网络中视频包的优先级设置。显然,如果有多个优先级可用,则可预先确定多个阈值以使得当相应会话的缓冲器填充等级下降到低于不同(减少的)阈值时,网络逐渐增加视频段的优先等级。
可替代地或补充的,根据本发明的所述自适应流认知网络节点中的会话监控装置可适于接收和解释来自所述客户端的周期性报告,所述周期性报告提供关于所述视频会话占用的实际缓冲器容量的信息。
因此,为了及时发现检测到客户端接近特定视频会话的缓冲器饥饿,客户端可以在正在进行的自适应流会话过程中周期性地报告缓冲器填充等级。这样的周期性报告会增加网络中的信令,但可使配置优先级的自适应流认知网络节点能够及时估计和预见缓冲器饥饿/欠载。如果缓冲器填充等级下降到低于阈值,周期性报告可以与或可以不与专用消息进行组合。
可替代地或补充的,根据本发明的所述自适应流认知网络节点中的会话监控装置可适于捕获通过所述自适应流认知节点的视频段的数据,并可适于从所捕获的数据估计所述客户端缓冲器填充等级。
因此,获得缓冲器填充等级和缓冲器饥饿/欠载风险的知识的另一种方式可以依赖于监控通过该节点的流量。通过对经过节点的特定会话的视频段的数量或速率进行计数,所述节点能够估计客户端处的缓冲器填充等级并从中获得用于进一步处理属于该会话的视频段的优先级。这样的流量监控的优势在于不依赖发自客户端的消息,特别是在网络拥塞的情况下所述消息有可能会迟到。本领域技术人员也将认识到,在基于本地流量监控的估算不准确的情况下,这样的监控可以与来自客户端的周期或专用的消息相结合,以进一步降低缓冲器饥饿/欠载风险。
可选地,根据本发明的所述自适应流认知网络节点中的会话监控装置可进一步适于收集以下中的一个或多个:
-指示用户的订购类型的信息;
-指示下载的质量的信息;
-指示网络负载的信息;
-指示内容标识符的信息;
-指示内容源的信息;和/或
-关于请求的质量的信息。
事实上,除了客户端侧的缓冲器填充等级之外,可以考虑其他信息来配置特定视频会话的视频段的优先等级。例如,关于订购类型的信息可有助于确定传递给某个用户的视频会话的段是否以及何时必须被优先区分。缓冲器填充等级一旦低于某一阈值,关于请求的或下载的质量等级的信息可以帮助确定请求的优先等级以避免缓冲器饥饿/欠载。同样,在缓冲器饥饿/前载的风险下,当确定发送到客户端的视频段的优先等级时,可考虑实际网络负载或对客户端的可用容量的知识。进一步,视频会话中内容的标识和/或内容的源的标识可以帮助根据本发明的节点来确定优先等级以及因此施加至网络上的工作来更好地处理该会话的视频段,以便避免该客户端上的缓冲器饥饿/欠载。本领域技术人员将认识到,以上被考虑用于设置处于缓冲器饥饿/欠载的风险中的客户端的自适应流会话中视频包/段的优先等级的信息清单并不是穷举的。
在本发明的第一可能的实施中:
-优先级计算装置,适于在缓冲器容量下降至低于预先确定的阈值时,确定DSCP(区分服务代码点)值;和
-视频段标记装置,适于在属于会话的包的包头部插入DSCP值。
因此,本发明可以使用现有的用于以优先级标记视频包的DiffServ技术来实现。
可替代地或补充地:
-所述优先级计算装置可适于根据所述缓冲器容量超过的一个或多个阈值确定L-LSP(标签只推断标签交换路径)或确定EXP(实验)比特值;以及
-所述视频段标记装置可适于在属于所述会话的包的E-LSP(实验位推断的标签交换路径)MPLS(多协议标签交换)头部配置L-LSP或插入EXP比特值。
因此,本发明也可以结合用于以优先级标记视频包的现有MPLS技术来实施。
根据可选的方面,根据本发明自适应流认知网络节点可进一步包括:
-调度装置,适于以影响来自所述客户端的未来请求的质量等级方式来调度至所述客户端的视频段传递。
因此,实施本发明的节点可以额外地配备调度功能以控制视频段的传递速率或传递持续时间。这将使得节点能够影响例如客户端的质量等级选择算法以致特定的质量等级与正常被请求的不同。
除了自适应流认知节点,本发明还涉及在自适应流认知网络节点中向客户端流送视频会话的视频段的相应方法,所述视频段在一个或多个质量等级上可用,并且每个视频段以从所述客户端接收到的请求所指定的质量等级被传递到所述客户端,所述方法包括:
-在所述自适应流认知网络节点中收集指示在所述客户端处被所述视频会话占用的缓冲器容量的缓冲器填充信息;
-在所述自适应流认知网络节点中依据所述缓冲器填充信息确定所述会话的视频段的优先等级;以及
-在所述自适应流认知网络节点中以所述优先等级标记所述会话的视频段。
本发明还进一步涉及相应的能够接收视频会话的视频段的自适应流认知客户端,所述视频段在一个或多个质量等级上可用,并且所述客户端能够在请求中指定传递所述视频段的质量等级,所述自适应流认知客户端包括:
-优先级检测装置,适于检测被以优先等级标记的视频段。
实际上,有利的是,所述客户端适于检测正在被使用的优先级。确定视频段的被请求质量等级的客户端算法随后可考虑特定的会话的包/段以增加的优先级进行传送。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明的自适应流认知节点的实施例的功能框图。
具体实施方式
图1展示了实施本发明的系统的功能块。图1更详细的展示了实施本发明的HTTP自适应流(HAS)客户端103、HAS服务器102,以及两者之间的HAS认知节点101。
HAS认知节点101包括监控功能111、优先级配置逻辑112、包标记器113和调度器114。此外,根据节点101所表示的中间节点的类型,它可以包括路由或交换功能、高速缓存功能、包处理功能等等。图1还示出了用于从HAS服务器102接收视频段的输入端口115、用于将请求发送到HAS服务器102的输出端口116、用于发送视频段到HAS客户端103的输出端口117以及用于从HAS客户端103接收请求的输入端口118。
在HTTP自适应流(HAS)中,视频被以多个比特率进行编码并以典型的为若干秒的块来形成段。视频段从HAS服务器102向HAS客户端103的传递或从中间高速缓存节点到HAS客户端103的传递通过标准的HTTP完成。安装在客户端103的客户端应用程序监控网络带宽,并基于该监控到的带宽以及可能的其他信息,如客户端侧的缓冲器填充,确定为段请求哪个质量版本/比特率。这里所述的缓冲器被用于视频段的临时存储和视频流的播放,并且在任何时候都必须包含若干视频段以便避免播放过程中的中断。关于对哪个段的哪个版本/比特率可用的信息典型地位于所谓清单文件中。HAS客户端103通过请求来自HAS服务器102的清单文件而初始化播放。之后,HAS客户端103通过发送对每个段的HTTP-GET请求开始下载视频段。在HTTP GET请求中为每段指定所期望的质量。视频段的传递是从中央服务器或从内容分发网络(CDN),即分散的服务器系统来完成。这种类型的服务的传递通过尽力而为型因特网完成。
中间HAS认知节点101的监控功能111收集关于HAS客户端103处由特定HAS会话的段占用的缓冲器容量的信息。最后,监控功能111还收集诸如订购的类型、所请求的质量等级、实际网络负载和/或关于内容或内容源的信息的其他参数。该信息被与优先级确定逻辑112共享以便使后者对优先级做出确定,所述优先等级将被指派给HAS会话的后续段,以便避免HAS客户端103处的缓冲器饥饿/欠载。
如图1的箭头121所示,监控功能111从HAS客户端103接收信息。此外,HAS客户端103被配置为周期性地报告正在进行的HAS会话的缓冲器填充等级和/或每当HAS会话的缓冲器填充等级下降到预先确定的阈值时——例如3秒播放时间——发送信号至监控功能111。此外,监控功能111从经过节点101的视频段中捕获数据,如图1中箭头122和123所示。通过对例如某一时间间隔内经输出端口116发往HAS服务器102的对视频段的请求数量进行计数和/或对经输出端口117传递至HAS客户端103的视频段的数量进行计数,监控功能111可以估计在客户端103处被属于受监控的HAS会话的段填充的缓冲器空间的数量。该信息可与从HAS客户端103接收到的信息进行组合,以便对HAS客户端103处的缓冲器饥饿/欠载风险有更准确的预测。
优先级确定逻辑112考虑从监控功能111接收到的信息,并确定特定HAS会话的视频包/段是否应该在高优先级信道上发送。例如,优先级判定逻辑可将由监控功能111估计的缓冲器填充等级信息与一个或多个阈值比较。只要所估计的缓冲器填充等级下降至低于阈值,对该HAS会话增加优先等级。
DiffServ支持的网络中的优先级确定逻辑112的示例性实施将监控到的缓冲器填充等级与预先确定的阈值——例如3秒视频播放时间——进行比较。当监控到的特定HAS会话的缓冲器填充等级下降至低于3秒的视频播放时间时,将属于该HAS会话的视频包的包头部中的DSCP(区分服务代码点)值设置为最高优先级。
在MPLS系统中的优先级确定逻辑112的示例性实施同样将监控到的缓冲器填充等级与预先确定的阈值如3秒的视频播放时间进行比较。一旦监控到的特定HAS会话的缓冲器填充等级下降至低于3秒的阈值,选择适当的L-LSP(标签只推断标签交换路径)或设置E-LSP的EXP(实验)位。(实验位推断标签交换路径)。在这种情况下,由选定的LSP确定属于该HAS会话的包/段的处理的优先级。L-LSP中的所有包将以相同的优先级进行处理。在E-LSP中,通过MPLS头部的EXP位推断优先级。在E-LSP中,可传输具有不同优先级的包。
包标记器113以选定的优先级生成所被请求的安排(arrangements),以对处于缓冲器饥饿/欠载风险中的受监控的HAS会话的后续视频段/包进行传送。其将通过例如在包头部中插入适当的DSCP值或可对LSP进行配置来对包进行标记。
当视频包/段优先级的优先级标记有效时,调度器114影响被客户端103选定的质量等级。所述调度器由此以这样的方式对已标记了优先级的视频段的传递速率进行控制,即HAS客户端103开始对特定质量等级进行请求。
虽然本发明已经通过参考特定的实施例示出,对于本领域技术人员来说,显而易见的是,本发明并不限于前述说明性实施例的细节,并且本发明可以用各种变化和改进实施,而不脱离其范围。本发明的实施例因此在所有方面都将被认为是示例性的而非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是由前面的描述来表示,并且因此旨在包含所有在权利要求的含义和等同范围之中内的改变。换言之,本发明预期覆盖落入本专利申请中所要求的本质属性以及基本原理的范围之内的任何及所有的修改、变化或等同物。本专利申请的读者应当进一步理解词语“包括”或“包含”不排除其他组件或步骤,词语“一”或“一个”不排除多个,并且单个组件,诸如计算机系统、处理器或其他集成单元,可实现权利要求中列举的多个装置的功能。权利要求中的任何参考标记,不应被解释为对各相关权利要求的限制。术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“a”、“b”、“c”等在说明书或权利要求中使用时用于介绍以便在类似的组件或步骤之间做出区分,并非必然地描述顺序或时间次序。类似地,术语“顶部”、“底部”、“之上”、“之下”等被引入用于描述的目的,并非必然地表示相对位置。应当理解,如此使用的术语在适当的情况下是可以互换的,并且本发明的实施例能够以不同于以上描述或示出的其它顺序或方向根据本发明进行操作。
Claims (10)
1.一种能向客户端(103)流送视频会话的视频段的自适应流认知网络节点(101),所述视频段在一个或多个质量等级上可用,并且每个视频段以从所述客户端(103)接收到的请求中所指定的质量等级被传递至所述客户端(103),其特征在于所述自适应流认知网络节点(101)包括:
-会话监控装置(111),用于收集指示在所述客户端(103)处被所述视频会话占用的缓冲器容量的缓冲器填充信息;
-优先级计算装置(112),用于依据所述缓冲器填充信息确定所述会话的视频段的优先等级;和
-视频段标记装置(113),用于以所述优先等级标记所述会话的视频段。
2.如权利要求1所述的自适应流认知网络节点(101),其中,所述会话监控装置(111)适于接收和解释来自所述客户端(103)的专用消息,所述专用消息指示被所述视频会话占用的缓冲器容量低于预先确定的阈值。
3.如权利要求1所述的自适应流认知网络节点(101),其中,所述会话监控装置(111)适于接收和解释来自所述客户端(103)的周期性报告,所述周期性报告提供关于被所述视频会话占用的实际缓冲器容量的信息。
4.如权利要求1所述的自适应流认知网络节点(101),其中,所述会话监控装置(111)适于捕获通过所述自适应流认知节点(101)的视频段上的数据(122,123),并且适于从所述捕获到的数据估计所述客户端(103)处的缓冲器填充等级。
5.如权利要求1所述的自适应流认知网络节点(101),其中,所述会话监控装置(111)进一步适于收集以下的一个或多个:
-指示用户的订购类型的信息;
-指示下载的质量的信息;
-指示网络负载的信息;
-指示内容标识符的信息;
-指示内容源的信息;和/或
-关于请求的质量的信息。
6.如权利要求1所述的自适应流认知网络节点(101),其中:
-所述优先级计算装置(112)适于在所述缓冲器容量下降至低于预先确定的阈值时确定区分服务代码点DSCP值;以及
-所述视频段标记装置(113)适于在属于所述会话的包的包头插入所述DSCP值。
7.如权利要求1所述的自适应流认知网络节点(101),其中:
-所述优先级计算装置(112)适于根据所述缓冲器容量超过的一个或多个阈值确定实验EXP比特值或确定只标签推断的标签交换路径L-LSP;以及
-所述视频段标记装置(113)适于在属于所述会话的包的实验位推断的标签交换路径多协议标签交换E-LSP MPLS头部插入所述EXP比特值或配置所述L-LSP。
8.如权利要求1所述的自适应流认知网络节点(101),进一步包括:
-调度装置(114),适于以影响来自所述客户端(103)的未来请求中的质量等级方式来调度至所述客户端(103)的视频段的传递。
9.一种在自适应流认知网络节点(101)中向客户端(103)流送视频会话的视频段的方法,所述视频段在一个或多个质量等级上可用,并且每个视频段以从所述客户端(103)接收到的请求中指定的质量等级被传递至所述客户端(103),
其特征在于,所述方法包括:
-在所述自适应流认知网络节点(101)中收集指示所述客户端(103)处被所述视频会话占用的缓冲器容量的缓冲器填充信息;
-在所述自适应流认知网络节点(101)中依据所述缓冲器填充信息确定所述会话的视频段的优先等级;以及
-在所述自适应流认知网络节点(101)中以所述优先等级标记所述会话的视频段。
10.一种能够接收视频会话的视频段的自适应流认知客户端(103),所述视频段在一个或多个质量等级上可用,并且所述客户端(103)能够在请求中为所述视频段的传递指定质量等级,
其特征在于,所述自适应流认知客户端(103)包括:
-优先级检测装置,适于检测视频段被优先等级所标记,其中,所述优先等级是依据指示在所述自适应流认知客户端(103)处被所述视频会话占用的缓冲器容量的缓冲器填充信息来确定的。
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CN1663205A (zh) * | 2002-06-26 | 2005-08-31 | 摩托罗拉公司 | Voip发射机和接收机设备及其方法 |
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WO2013171082A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
US9723049B2 (en) | 2017-08-01 |
JP2015521434A (ja) | 2015-07-27 |
KR20150008479A (ko) | 2015-01-22 |
CN104322036A (zh) | 2015-01-28 |
JP5990640B2 (ja) | 2016-09-14 |
EP2665239A1 (en) | 2013-11-20 |
US20150134784A1 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
EP2665239B1 (en) | 2016-08-31 |
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