CN104316554A - Method for testing mobility of pore water of reservoir - Google Patents
Method for testing mobility of pore water of reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- CN104316554A CN104316554A CN201410581854.3A CN201410581854A CN104316554A CN 104316554 A CN104316554 A CN 104316554A CN 201410581854 A CN201410581854 A CN 201410581854A CN 104316554 A CN104316554 A CN 104316554A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing mobility of pore water of a reservoir stratum, which comprises the following steps: performing a nuclear magnetic resonance experiment after the experiment rock core is completely saturated with water to obtain a first T2 spectrum; restoring the core to a water-containing state under the original condition of the reservoir, and then performing a nuclear magnetic resonance experiment to obtain a second T2 spectrum; adding confining pressure to the core recovered to the water-containing state under the original condition of the reservoir; carrying out a displacement experiment on the confined-pressure rock core in a step-by-step pressurizing air water displacement mode, and carrying out a nuclear magnetic resonance experiment in each step of pressurizing process to obtain a corresponding third T2 spectrum; and obtaining the water mobility of the reservoir pores by a predetermined algorithm by using the obtained first T2 spectrum, second T2 spectrum and a plurality of third T2 spectra. The mobility testing method for the pore water of the reservoir can accurately test and analyze the mobility of the pore water of the reservoir in the gas reservoir development process so as to predict the water production rule of the gas well and guide the production and working system arrangement of the gas well.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil-gas field development core experiment analysis technology, particularly a kind of reservoir pore space water mobility method of testing.
Background technology
All there is certain water saturation in most Gas Reservoir, when gas reservoir does not drop into exploitation, gas phase, aqueous phase keep balance in reservoir pore space.And when gas reservoir is in after in performance history, along with reservoir pressure constantly declines, in reservoir pore space, the displacement effect of gas phase to aqueous phase strengthens gradually, the mobility of aqueous phase and percolation law very important for gas reservoir development work.
In gas reservoir development process, the mobility of reservoir pore space water refers to the amount of the reservoir pore space water of Obtaining Accurate gas phase displacement aqueous phase output in gas reservoir reservoir pressure change procedure.
The experimental technique of current Study In Reservoir pore water mobility, normally utilizes nuclear magnetic resonance technique, obtains the T2 spectrum of rock, then gets cutoff according to the T2 spectrum signature of rock and calculate.
But all different for its parameter such as lithology, permeability of different rock cores, therefore the cutoff of rock core is difficult to unified.Existing method, normally by core experiment, by experience accumulation, gives a fixing cutoff for a certain class rock core.The described a certain cutoff provided by experience, can only draw corresponding with a described cutoff static water saturation.And in actual production, water saturation is a process constantly changed.Therefore, existing method can not carry out accurate testing and analysis to the mobility of reservoir pore space water in gas reservoir development process, to predict that gas well produces water rule, instructs gas well liquid loading and working system arrangement.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of reservoir pore space water mobility method of testing, accurate testing and analysis can be carried out to the mobility of reservoir pore space water in gas reservoir development process, to predict that gas well produces water rule, instruct gas well liquid loading and working system arrangement.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention can adopt following technical proposal to realize: a kind of reservoir pore space water mobility method of testing, comprising:
A T2 spectrum is obtained by carrying out nuclear magnetic resonance experiment after complete for experiment rock core saturation water; Carry out nuclear magnetic resonance experiment after rock core being returned to the saturation state under reservoir initial condition and obtain the 2nd T2 spectrum; Rock core after the saturation state returned under reservoir initial condition is added confined pressure; Carry out displacement test and in every grade of pressurization, carry out nuclear magnetic resonance experiment obtaining corresponding 3rd T2 spectrum to the described rock core adding confined pressure by the water of supercharging gas drive step by step mode; Utilize a T2 spectrum of described acquisition, the 2nd T2 spectrum, multiple 3rd T2 spectrum by pre-defined algorithm acquisition reservoir pore space water mobility.
In a preferred embodiment, in described gas drive water mode, the gas of displacement is moisture moisture, and described moisture moisture obtains by passing in rock core after the gas of displacement is first passed into water again.
In a preferred embodiment, the mode of described supercharging gas drive step by step comprises:
Set initial gas drive pressure, carry out gas drive;
When rock core no longer water outlet and airshed stable after, improve gas drive pressure step by step, carry out repetition gas drive;
When all not flowing to rock core air water, experiment terminates.
In a preferred embodiment, the overburden pressure P that bears under formation conditions with reference to rock core of described confined pressure size
oB, described overburden pressure P
oBvalue calculated by depth of stratum h residing for rock sample,
P
OB＝ρ×g×h/1000
P
oB---overburden pressure, unit is MPa;
ρ---the average rock density of superincumbent stratum, unit is gram/cc;
G---acceleration of gravity, unit be ox/kilogram;
H---the degree of depth in the middle part of sampling layer, unit is rice.
In a preferred embodiment, describedly rock core being returned to saturation state under reservoir initial condition by the two ends of described rock core being immersed in the water respectively Absorb Water respectively, making rock core inside reach target water saturation; Or the mode by vacuumizing, after making the complete saturation water of described rock core, adopt high pressure gas drive or type of heating, reach target water saturation.
In a preferred embodiment, described rock core initial water saturation, for reaching the difference of the core quality before the rock core of target water saturation and unsaturated water.
In a preferred embodiment, described core sample is the piston-shaped rock core of rule, and the diameter of rock core is 2.5 centimetres, and length is less than 5 centimetres.
In a preferred embodiment, in described reservoir pore space water mobility the size of moveable water composed by a certain described 3rd T2 spectrum and described 2nd T2 between the area of envelope and the area ratio of a described T2 spectrum envelope obtain.
The features and advantages of the invention are: the invention provides a kind of reservoir pore space water mobility method of testing, cross and select suitable experiment gas reservoir rock core, by testing T2 spectrum after complete for described rock core saturation water, detect water distribution characteristics in pore throat; The original water saturation size of combining target gas reservoir, makes the saturation degree of rock core match with it, again carries out T2 spectrum and detects, the original moisture distribution characteristics in pore throat of test gas reservoir; Then the experiment of gas drive water is carried out, after under each pressure, gas drive experiment terminates, nuclear magnetic resonance T 2 spectrum detection is carried out to rock core, form is composed according to the T2 under different displacement pressure, quantitatively evaluating can be carried out to reservoir pore space water mobility Changing Pattern in gas reservoir development process and accumulative moveable water size, thus to predict that gas well produces water rule, gas well liquid loading and working system arrangement can be instructed.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of reservoir pore space water mobility method of testing block diagram in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is displacement test block diagram in a kind of reservoir pore space water mobility method of testing in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 uses the experimental curve diagram that in the embodiment of the present invention, a kind of reservoir pore space water mobility method of testing test obtains;
Fig. 4 uses the moveable water and accumulative moveable water result figure that in the embodiment of the present invention, a kind of reservoir pore space water mobility method of testing obtains.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, technical scheme of the present invention is elaborated, these embodiments should be understood only be not used in for illustration of the present invention and limit the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, the amendment of those skilled in the art to the various equivalent form of value of the present invention has all fallen in the application's claims limited range.
The invention provides a kind of reservoir pore space water mobility method of testing, can along with the increase of gas phase driving pressure in reservoir pressure decline process causes the process of reservoir pore space water dynamic change in analog development process, to predict that gas well produces water rule, instruct gas well liquid loading and working system arrangement.
Referring to Fig. 1, is reservoir pore space water mobility method of testing block diagram of the present invention.In described rock core, air water two phase fluid flow dynamic testing method comprises the steps:
S1: obtain a T2 spectrum by carrying out nuclear magnetic resonance experiment after complete for experiment rock core saturation water;
S2: carry out nuclear magnetic resonance experiment after rock core being returned to the saturation state under reservoir initial condition and obtain the 2nd T2 spectrum;
S3: the rock core after the saturation state returned under reservoir initial condition is added confined pressure;
S4: carry out displacement test and carry out nuclear magnetic resonance experiment in every grade of pressurization obtaining corresponding 3rd T2 spectrum to the described rock core adding confined pressure by the water of supercharging gas drive step by step mode;
S5: utilize a T2 spectrum of described acquisition, the 2nd T2 spectrum, multiple 3rd T2 spectrum by pre-defined algorithm acquisition reservoir pore space water mobility.
Before the test, select to need the core sample carrying out experiment test.Described core sample is chosen as the piston-shaped rock core of rule, and the diameter of rock core is 2.5 centimetres, and length is generally and is less than 5 centimetres.Described rock core is before testing in addition, if containing fluid in rock core, then need to carry out rock core oil washing and rock core drying and processing, to obtain not containing the clean rock core of fluid.
S1: obtain a T2 spectrum by carrying out nuclear magnetic resonance experiment after complete for experiment rock core saturation water;
First will test the complete saturation water of rock core; Then magnetic resonance detection is carried out to the rock core after described complete saturation water, obtain nuclear magnetic resoance spectrum, be i.e. a T2 spectrum, thus the pore structure characteristic of rock core can be obtained further.
The pore structure characteristic of described rock core refer to the hole that rock has and venturi geometric configuration, size, distribute and the relation that is interconnected.The pore structure characteristic of described rock core is the principal element affecting the ability of preserving of reservoir fluid (oil, gas, water) and producing oil, gas, and therefore, the pore structure characteristic of specifying rock core plays the production capacity of hydrocarbon zone and improves the key of the rate of oil and gas recovery.
By carrying out magnetic resonance detection, the atomic nucleus magnetic of research mesoporosity, stratum fluid and the vibration characteristics under additional magnetic fields thereof, obtain T2 spectrum, come geometric configuration, the size of hole that study of rocks has and venturi, distribute and the relation that is interconnected, evaluate the pore structure characteristic of rock.
S2: carry out nuclear magnetic resonance experiment after rock core being returned to the saturation state under reservoir initial condition and obtain the 2nd T2 spectrum;
Gas reservoir all has certain initial water saturation under initial condition, and described rock core initial water saturation is the actual original water saturation value of Gas Reservoir.Described initial water saturation of setting up is for returning to the saturation state under reservoir initial condition by laboratory core.
Described rock core initial water saturation of setting up has two kinds of methods:
Be a method for Absorb Water, first by the different end face invasion waters of experiment rock core, make rock core inside reach target water saturation by Absorb Water.Then undertaken calculating rock core initial water saturation by weight change before and after rock core saturation water.Described rock core initial water saturation is the difference of the core quality before reaching the rock core of target water saturation and unsaturated water.
Another kind vacuumizes complete saturation water method, first adopts high pressure gas drive or type of heating to make rock core reach target water saturation.Then undertaken calculating rock core initial water saturation by weight change before and after rock core saturation water.Described rock core initial water saturation is the difference of the core quality before reaching the rock core of target water saturation and unsaturated water.
Described nuclear magnetic resonance experiment carries out nuclear magnetic resonance experiment to the rock core establishing initial water saturation, to obtain the 2nd T2 spectrum.
S3: the rock core after the saturation state returned under reservoir initial condition is added confined pressure;
The experiment rock core building up initial water saturation is loaded core holding unit and adds confined pressure.Described core holding unit is full diameter and has high pressure resistant property, top pressure 70 MPa that can be resistance to.
The described confined pressure that adds adopts the high-pressure spray pump with automatic control function to carry out pressurized control.Described high-pressure spray pump realizes supercharging by the water in compression core holding unit annular space or gas, and for wrapping up the rock core in core holding unit, the water or the gas that add confined pressure can only contact with rubber sleeve, directly can not contact with core surface.
The overburden pressure P that described confined pressure size and rock core bear under formation conditions
oBclose, its value is calculated by depth of stratum h residing for rock sample, and computing formula is as follows:
P
OB＝ρ×g×h/1000
P
oB---overburden pressure, namely top covering layer is added in the pressure on the rock unit of bottom, and unit is MPa (MPa);
ρ---the average rock density in rock stratum, top, unit is a gram/cc (g/cm
3), general value 2.36;
G---acceleration of gravity, unit is ox/kilogram (N/kg);
H---the degree of depth in the middle part of sampling layer, unit is rice (m).
S4: carry out displacement test and carry out nuclear magnetic resonance experiment in every grade of pressurization obtaining corresponding 3rd T2 spectrum to the described rock core adding confined pressure by the water of supercharging gas drive step by step mode;
Refer to Fig. 2, in reservoir pore space water mobility method of testing of the present invention, displacement test specifically comprises the steps:
S41: set initial gas drive pressure, carry out gas drive;
S42: when rock core no longer water outlet and airshed stable after, improve gas drive pressure, carry out gas drive;
S43: the process repeating described S42, when all not flowing to rock core air water, experiment terminates.
Being moisture moisture by the gas of displacement in described gas drive water mode, obtaining by passing in rock core again after the gas of displacement is first passed into water.Namely described gas drive water mode adopts moisture, carries out the experiment of gas drive water by the mode of supercharging step by step to experiment rock core.Described supercharging gas drive step by step simulates a process of produced on-site pressure reduction dynamic change.Described moisture is the gas for displacement, and it can by the gas of common gas drive first by obtaining after the intermediate receptacle of a dress water.
Described employing moisture carries out gas drive, can reduce the air-dry effect to rock core in lean-gas drive process, can measure the water saturation of rock core better.According to lean-gas drive, described rock core water saturation can next lands vertically low at the drying function of gas drive, the rock core water containing saturability recorded and actually have relatively large deviation, also just can not reflect air water two phase fluid flow feature completely.
The mode of described supercharging gas drive step by step refers to that gas drive pressure is by low pressure, and in low pressure gas drive process, the stable and rock core of airshed is no longer after water outlet, or displacement 2 hours gas, under all immobilising condition of water, improve pressure successively, gas drive pressure in experimentation, from low to high, general from 0.01 MPa, be promoted to 0.05 MPa step by step, 0.1 MPa, 0.2 MPa, 0.3 MPa, 0.4 MPa, 0.5 MPa, until the stable and rock core of airshed is no longer after water outlet, experiment terminates.
Described nuclear magnetic resonance experiment is that gas drive experiment carries out nuclear magnetic resonance T 2 spectrum test to rock core after terminating under setting displacement pressure, and for each different pressure gas drives experiment, carries out nuclear magnetic resonance experiment respectively to rock core, obtains corresponding 3rd T2 spectrum.
S5: utilize a T2 spectrum of described acquisition, the 2nd T2 spectrum, multiple 3rd T2 spectrum by pre-defined algorithm acquisition reservoir pore space water mobility.In described reservoir pore space water mobility the size of moveable water composed by a certain described 3rd T2 spectrum and described 2nd T2 between the area of envelope and the area ratio of a described T2 spectrum envelope obtain.
Reservoir pore space water mobility method of testing of the present invention, can carry out accurate testing and analysis to the mobility of reservoir pore space water in gas reservoir development process, to predict that gas well produces water rule, instructs gas well liquid loading and working system arrangement.
Refer to Fig. 3, be the experimental curve diagram using the test of a kind of reservoir pore space water of the present invention mobility method of testing to obtain, in figure, curve is the different T2 spectral curves obtained in comprehensive above-mentioned reservoir pore space water mobility method of testing.
Wherein horizontal ordinate represents that T2 composes the relaxation time, and unit is millisecond.Ordinate represents T2 spectrum signal amplitude.
Compose relaxation time boundary according to the T2 that fluid distributes in rock, the tax fluid combined in blowhole can be divided into movable fluid and constraint fluid.Movable fluid percentage (Sm) refers to and to affect by solid-liquid interface, pore throat character and fluid matasomatism etc., causes the flow of the fluid in porous medium under certain flowing pressure gradient.
Reservoir physics implication based on movable fluid percentage and factor of porosity defines movable fluid factor of porosity parameter.Movable fluid factor of porosity (Ф m) refers to that aperture is greater than the percentage that the volume of voids ending aperture accounts for rock sample cumulative volume, i.e. the movable fluid volume of unit volume rock sample.It combines the information of reservoir energy collecting power and fluid bearing features two aspect, more can reflect Ultra Low Permeable Sandstone Reservoir feature definitely.Holes all in rock sample are divided into fluid flowing pore volume and fluid not flowing pore volume by movable fluid factor of porosity parameter, and its numerical value equals the product of movable fluid percentage and rock sample factor of porosity.
The 3rd T2 spectrum of testing after each gas drive pressure experiment is contrasted, according to actual gas well liquid loading magnitude of pressure differential, select certain corresponding two article of the 3rd T2 spectral curve, such as gas well liquid loading pressure reduction is increased to 6Mpa from 5Mpa, the 3rd T2 testing acquisition under testing the 3rd T2 and 6Mpa of acquisition under just can selecting 5Mpa contrasts, according to the area of these two T2 envelopes of curve, contrast with the area of the T2 spectral curve envelope tested under the complete saturation water of rock core, can calculate as mobile water saturation size under this pressure differential.Every bar T2 spectrum have a signal and, this signal and the size of water cut can be represented.
Layer pore water mobility method of testing of the present invention can also compose the relation of relaxation time size quantitative description moveable water and pore throat according to T2 in addition.
Refer to Fig. 4, for using the moveable water and accumulative moveable water result figure that in the embodiment of the present invention, a kind of reservoir pore space water mobility method of testing obtains.Wherein horizontal ordinate is displacement pressure reduction, and unit is MPa (Mpa), and ordinate is mobile water saturation.
In gas reservoir development process, accumulative moveable water size refers to along with reservoir pressure decline process gas phase adds up the size of the reservoir pore space water that can drive.In described gas reservoir development process accumulative moveable water size by test after a certain displacement pressure experiment terminates the 2nd T2 under the 3rd T2 spectrum of acquisition and initial water saturation compose between under the area of envelope and original water saturation the area ratio of a T2 spectrum envelope obtain.
Reservoir pore space water mobility method of testing of the present invention, by selecting suitable experiment gas reservoir rock core, by testing T2 spectrum after complete for described rock core saturation water, detects water distribution characteristics in pore throat; The original water saturation size of combining target gas reservoir, makes the saturation degree of rock core match with it, again carries out T2 spectrum and detects, the original moisture distribution characteristics in pore throat of test gas reservoir; Then the experiment of gas drive water is carried out, after under each pressure, gas drive experiment terminates, nuclear magnetic resonance T 2 spectrum detection is carried out to rock core, form is composed according to the T2 under different displacement pressure, quantitatively evaluating can be carried out to reservoir pore space water mobility Changing Pattern in gas reservoir development process and accumulative moveable water size, thus to predict that gas well produces water rule, gas well liquid loading and working system arrangement can be instructed.
The foregoing is only several embodiments of the present invention, although the embodiment disclosed by the present invention as above, the embodiment that described content just adopts for the ease of understanding the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.Any those skilled in the art; under the prerequisite not departing from the spirit and scope disclosed by the present invention; any amendment and change can be done on the formal of embodiment and details; but scope of patent protection of the present invention, the scope that still must define with appended claims is as the criterion.
Claims (8)
1. a reservoir pore space water mobility method of testing, is characterized in that, comprising:
A T2 spectrum is obtained by carrying out nuclear magnetic resonance experiment after complete for experiment rock core saturation water;
Carry out nuclear magnetic resonance experiment after rock core being returned to the saturation state under reservoir initial condition and obtain the 2nd T2 spectrum;
Rock core after the saturation state returned under reservoir initial condition is added confined pressure;
Carry out displacement test and in every grade of pressurization, carry out nuclear magnetic resonance experiment obtaining corresponding 3rd T2 spectrum to the described rock core adding confined pressure by the water of supercharging gas drive step by step mode;
Utilize a T2 spectrum of described acquisition, the 2nd T2 spectrum, multiple 3rd T2 spectrum by pre-defined algorithm acquisition reservoir pore space water mobility.
2. reservoir pore space water mobility method of testing as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in described gas drive water mode, the gas of displacement is moisture moisture, and described moisture moisture obtains by passing in rock core after the gas of displacement is first passed into water again.
3. reservoir pore space water mobility method of testing as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the mode of described supercharging gas drive step by step comprises:
Set initial gas drive pressure, carry out gas drive;
When rock core no longer water outlet and airshed stable after, improve gas drive pressure step by step, carry out repetition gas drive;
When all not flowing to rock core air water, experiment terminates.
4. reservoir pore space water mobility method of testing as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the overburden pressure P that described confined pressure size is born under formation conditions with reference to rock core
oB, described overburden pressure P
oBvalue calculated by depth of stratum h residing for rock sample,
P
OB＝ρ×g×h/1000
P
oB---overburden pressure, unit is MPa;
ρ---the average rock density of superincumbent stratum, unit is gram/cc;
G---acceleration of gravity, unit be ox/kilogram;
H---the degree of depth in the middle part of sampling layer, unit is rice.
5. reservoir pore space water mobility method of testing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: describedly rock core is returned to saturation state under reservoir initial condition by the two ends of described rock core being immersed in the water respectively Absorb Water respectively, making rock core inside reach target water saturation; Or the mode by vacuumizing, after making the complete saturation water of described rock core, adopt high pressure gas drive or type of heating, reach target water saturation.
6. reservoir pore space water mobility method of testing as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: described rock core initial water saturation, for reaching the difference of the core quality before the rock core of target water saturation and unsaturated water.
7. reservoir pore space water mobility method of testing as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described core sample is the piston-shaped rock core of rule, and the diameter of rock core is 2.5 centimetres, and length is less than 5 centimetres.
8. reservoir pore space water mobility method of testing as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in described reservoir pore space water mobility the size of moveable water composed by a certain described 3rd T2 and described 2nd T2 compose between the area of envelope and the area ratio of a described T2 spectrum envelope obtain.
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