CN104315989A - Method for measuring deformation of rock area - Google Patents
Method for measuring deformation of rock area Download PDFInfo
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- CN104315989A CN104315989A CN201410604263.3A CN201410604263A CN104315989A CN 104315989 A CN104315989 A CN 104315989A CN 201410604263 A CN201410604263 A CN 201410604263A CN 104315989 A CN104315989 A CN 104315989A
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Abstract
A method for measuring deformation of a rock area is provided. The method comprises the following steps: (1) forming thin film paper; (2) making the plastic thin film face cling to the surface of a rock sample to be measured and integrating the rock sample to be measured with the plastic thin film face; (3) placing a camera on the upper layer of an iron support, fixing the rock sample to be measured to the lower layer of the iron support, and shooting a distribution situation graph of grids or points on the paper before the deformation of rocks; (4) exerting force on the rock sample and generating deformation, and using the camera to shoot a distribution situation graph of the grids or the points on the paper after the deformation of the rocks; (5) using graphic processing software to processing the distribution situation graphs of the grids or the points on the paper before the deformation of the rocks and after the deformation of the rocks, and completing measurement of the deformation of the rock area by measuring the position change of the grids or the points. By means of the method for measuring the deformation of the rock area, the problems that expensive instruments are needed, the technical requirement is high, and the operation is complex can be solved. The operation method is easy to implement, high in precision, economical and wide in application range. In addition, the experiment devices are simple.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method measuring rock deformation, especially a kind of method measuring rocky areas deformation.
Background technology
The qualification of rock deformation and to measure scientific research and real world applications more and more important, so create many measuring methods, existing method mainly contains two kinds:
1, real-time digital holography method is measured
The ultimate principle of the method application laser real-time digital holographic interferometry, the testing & measuring system of the horizontal pressurized deformation process of design construction real-time digital holographic measurement poly (methyl methacrylate) plate, the continuous Dynamical capture video file of the real-time digital holographic interferometric fringe pattern of poly (methyl methacrylate) plate in horizontal pressurized process, the video file of object is reduced dynamically by MATLAB programmed process, by Digital Image Processing interference fringe picture, by least square method, interference fringe picture solution is wrapped up to the phase place situation of change obtained in the horizontal pressurized process of poly (methyl methacrylate) plate.Finally to test gained result analyze, obtain the change of stress field situation of poly (methyl methacrylate) plate in lateral stressed process, predict rock stressed under fission process, complete the simulation to rock fission process.-Li Xingyu; " real-time digital holography method measures object miniature deformation " [D]; Kunming University of Science and Technology; 2009.
2, based on boring section deformation method (CBDM)
A kind of boring section deformation method (CB-DM) of monitoring rock stress change based on drilling technique, the method can be used for measuring and change perpendicular to the two-dimensional state of stress of the rock mass of drilling axis.-" measuring rock stress change based on boring section deformation method (CBDM) " International Seismic is dynamic; 1st phase in 2011.
In addition, Chinese patent 201220410403 discloses a kind of rock volume deformation measurement sensor, comprises and measures oil cylinder, piston, piston rod and displacement transducer; Piston is positioned at measures oil cylinder, measurement oil cylinder is divided into the first chamber and the second chamber; Piston rod is two, and one end of two-piston bar is connected with the centre of side face of piston ring respectively, and their other end stretches out from the end cap measuring oil cylinder two ends respectively; Displacement transducer is arranged on the lateral wall of measurement oil cylinder, and the free end of its displacement measurement bar is connected with the piston rod being positioned at oil transportation main line endpiece by web member.A kind of rock sample cubic deformation measuring method, rock sample is arranged on the sample bench in the diaxon pressure chamber of diaxon pressure testing machine, use above-mentioned rock volume deformation measurement sensor to measure, show the cubic deformation of rock by the control system record of diaxon pressure testing machine.
The method of above-mentioned measurement rock deformation uses laser device or microscope to measure, and these method precision are high, but are only beneficial to the measurement to a single point, can not show out the deformation in region.Need expensive instrument, technical requirement is high simultaneously, and complicated operation.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of method measuring rocky areas deformation, the expensive instrument of needs can be solved, technical requirement is high, and the problem of complicated operation, method of operating is simple, precision is high, experiment equipment is simple, economical, applied widely.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of method measuring rocky areas deformation, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) paper of grid paper or even cloth being worked to the last minute and plastic sheeting are close to formation and are made into integration film paper;
2) by step 1) grid surface of film paper made or point-like towards upper, plastic sheeting face be close to the surface that need measure rock sample and with need measure rock sample and form one;
3) place video camera on iron stand upper strata, and make it fix, in iron stand lower floor fixing step 2) obtained need measure rock sample, take the distribution situation figure of grid before rock deformation on paper or point with video camera;
4) make the stressed generation deformation of rock sample, take the distribution situation figure of grid after rock deformation on paper or point with video camera;
5) with PaintShop respectively treatment step 3) and step 4) the distribution situation figure of grid on the forward and backward paper of rock deformation that obtains or point, by the measurement of the change in location of grid or point, complete the measurement to rocky areas deformation.
When using grid paper, step 5) with PaintShop respectively treatment step 3) and step 4) step of distribution situation figure of grid on the forward and backward paper of rock deformation that obtains is:
5-1) carry out color filling by Photoshop software, make the grid after the grid before rock deformation on paper and rock deformation on paper with distinct contrast;
5-2) superposition is through step 5-1) two pictures after process, adjustment picture transparency, by the measure of the change of the forward and backward grid position of rock deformation, draws the direction of rock stress and deformation and the size of deformation quantity, completes the measurement to rocky areas deformation.
On grid paper, the length of grid is 3 ~ 10mm, and wide is 3 ~ 10mm.
When the paper using even cloth to work to the last minute, step 5) with PaintShop respectively treatment step 3) and step 4) step of distribution situation figure of point on the forward and backward paper of rock deformation that obtains is:
5-1) processed by Photoshop software, make the point after the point before rock deformation on paper and rock deformation on paper with distinct contrast;
5-2) superposition is through step 5-1) two pictures after process, adjustment picture transparency, obtains rock deformation forward and backward point-like superposition panorama sketch;
5-3) in step 5-2) obtained rock deformation forward and backward point-like superposition panorama sketch chooses at least one point-like Local map, the displacement size and Orientation of the forward and backward point of point-like Local map rock deformation is measured by the survey instrument of Photoshop, draw the direction of rock stress and deformation and the size of deformation quantity, complete the measurement to rocky areas deformation.
Step 5-3) quantity of point-like Local map chosen is preferably three, from the close-by examples to those far off intercept respectively according to the position of stress point on distance rock, the displacement size and Orientation of the forward and backward point of each point-like Local map rock deformation is measured by the survey instrument of Photoshop, draw the direction of rock stress and deformation and the size of deformation quantity, analyze the Changing Pattern of the stressed position of rock and deformation conduction, complete the measurement to rocky areas deformation.
On the paper that even cloth is worked to the last minute, spacing is between points vertical 3 ~ 10mm, laterally 3 ~ 10mm.
Step 4) be: make the stressed generation deformation of rock sample, photograph in real time with video camera, take the distribution situation process over time of grid after rock deformation on paper or point, carry out the intercepting of required moment picture with computer software.
A kind of method measuring rocky areas deformation provided by the invention, the grid paper figure to the forward and backward superposition of rock deformation is obtained by the figure that PaintShop process rock deformation is forward and backward, the direction of rock stress and deformation can be found out intuitively from the change of lines, it can also be seen that the size that stress and deformation changes, make qualitative analysis; Also rock deformation forward and backward point-like superposition panorama sketch is obtained by the figure that PaintShop process rock deformation is forward and backward, directly can measure the Distance geometry direction of the change in displacement of each point, displacement isoline figure can be drawn out, can with numerical simulation regional value Accurate Analysis, make quantitative test, thus complete the measurement to rocky areas deformation.Both be applicable to on-the-spot body of wall, reinforcing rod are coagulated to native deformed region and measure, also the measurement of laboratory to the deformation region of the materials such as rocklet is applicable to, regional deformation measurement can also be carried out to the material such as plastics, timber, the method method of operating is simple, precision is high, experiment equipment is simple, economical, applied widely; Paper and plastic film thickness little, meet water not yielding, can reuse, can fit tightly with rock again, make paper and rock deform in same pace, ensure that measurement data accuracy.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described:
Fig. 1 is the embodiment of the present invention one when adopting grid paper, step 5-2) superposition is through step 5-1) schematic diagram of two pictures after process;
Fig. 2 be the embodiment of the present invention two and three adopt even cloth to work to the last minute paper time, step 5-2) superpose the rock deformation that obtains forward and backward point-like superposition panorama sketch, in figure, dotted line frame is three point-like Local maps that embodiment three is chosen;
Fig. 3 is the survey sheet of the first point-like Local map chosen in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the survey sheet of the second point-like Local map chosen in Fig. 2;
Fig. 5 is the survey sheet of the thirdly shape Local map chosen in Fig. 2;
Fig. 6 be the embodiment of the present invention four by three phases before, during and after stressed for rock being divided into, superpose the survey sheet of the rock deformation that obtains forward and backward point-like superposition panorama sketch.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
Measure a method for rocky areas deformation, the method is made up of following steps:
1) make a surface with the paper of grid, grid paper and plastic sheeting glue are close to formation and are made into integration film paper;
2) by step 1) grid surface of film paper made upwards, plastic sheeting face be close to by glue the surface that need measure rock sample and with need measure rock sample and form one;
3) place video camera on iron stand upper strata, and make it fix, in iron stand lower floor fixing step 2) obtained need measure rock sample, take the distribution situation figure of the grid before rock deformation on paper with video camera;
4) make the stressed generation deformation of rock sample, photograph in real time with video camera, take the distribution situation process over time of the grid after rock deformation on paper, carry out the intercepting of required moment picture with computer software.
5) with PaintShop respectively treatment step 3) and step 4) the distribution situation figure of grid on the forward and backward paper of rock deformation that obtains, by the measurement of the change in location of grid, complete the measurement to rocky areas deformation.
Step 5) with PaintShop respectively treatment step 3) and step 4) step of distribution situation figure of grid on the forward and backward paper of rock deformation that obtains is:
5-1) because picture color is single, color filling is carried out by Photoshop software, grid after grid before making rock deformation on paper and rock deformation on paper with distinct contrast (rock stressed before adopts redness to fill grid, the stressed rear employing black of rock is filled grid);
5-2) superposition through step 5-1) process after two pictures, adjustment picture transparency to 50%, obtain through step 5-1) schematic diagram of two pictures after process, as shown in Figure 1, the change in location of grid from Fig. 1, directly can find out the direction of rock stress and deformation, between grid, spacing is larger, then rock deformation is larger, by the measure of the change of the forward and backward grid position of rock deformation, draw the direction of rock stress and deformation and the size of deformation quantity, complete the measurement to rocky areas deformation.
On grid paper, the length of grid is 3 ~ 10mm, and wide is 3 ~ 10mm.This mesh scale can adjust according to measurement schedule requirement and test surfaces area.
Embodiment two
Measure a method for rocky areas deformation, the method is made up of following steps:
1) print with CAD software the paper that even cloth works to the last minute, the paper of work to the last minute even cloth and plastic sheeting glue are close to formation and are made into integration film paper;
2) by step 1) point-like of film paper made towards upper, plastic sheeting face be close to by glue the surface that need measure rock sample and with need measure rock sample and form one;
3) place video camera on iron stand upper strata, and make it fix, in iron stand lower floor fixing step 2) obtained need measure rock sample, take the distribution situation figure of the point before rock deformation on paper with video camera;
4) make the stressed generation deformation of rock sample, photograph in real time with video camera, take the distribution situation process over time of the point after rock deformation on paper, carry out the intercepting of required moment picture with computer software;
5) with PaintShop respectively treatment step 3) and step 4) the distribution situation figure of point on the forward and backward paper of rock deformation that obtains, by the measurement of change in location of putting, complete the measurement to rocky areas deformation.
When the paper using even cloth to work to the last minute, step 5) with PaintShop respectively treatment step 3) and step 4) step of distribution situation figure of point on the forward and backward paper of rock deformation that obtains is:
The point color contrast distinctness on the distribution situation figure of the point on the forward and backward paper of rock deformation (the stressed front redness that adopts of rock is filled point, and the stressed rear employing black of rock is filled point) 5-1) is made by Photoshop software pencil tool;
5-2) superposition is through step 5-1) two pictures after process, adjustment picture transparency to 50%, obtains rock deformation forward and backward point-like superposition panorama sketch, as shown in Figure 2;
5-3) in step 5-2) obtained rock deformation forward and backward point-like superposition panorama sketch chooses at least one point-like Local map, utilize Photoshop survey instrument directly can measure the size and Orientation of the change in displacement of each point, displacement isoline figure can be drawn out, can with numerical simulation regional value Accurate Analysis, carry out quantitative test, draw the direction of rock stress and deformation and the size of deformation quantity, complete the measurement to rocky areas deformation.
On the paper that even cloth is worked to the last minute, spacing is between points vertical 3 ~ 10mm, laterally 3 ~ 10mm.This point and dot spacing can according to measuring schedule requirement and test surfaces area adjusts.
Embodiment three
Measure a method for rocky areas deformation, the method is made up of following steps:
1) print with CAD software the paper that even cloth works to the last minute, the paper of work to the last minute even cloth and plastic sheeting glue are close to formation and are made into integration film paper;
2) by step 1) point-like of film paper made towards upper, plastic sheeting face be close to by glue the surface that need measure rock sample and with need measure rock sample and form one;
3) place video camera on iron stand upper strata, and make it fix, in iron stand lower floor fixing step 2) obtained need measure rock sample, take the distribution situation figure of the point before rock deformation on paper with video camera;
4) make the stressed generation deformation of rock sample, photograph in real time with video camera, take the distribution situation process over time of the point after rock deformation on paper, carry out the intercepting of required moment picture with computer software;
5) with PaintShop respectively treatment step 3) and step 4) the distribution situation figure of point on the forward and backward paper of rock deformation that obtains, by the measurement of change in location of putting, complete the measurement to rocky areas deformation.
When the paper using even cloth to work to the last minute, step 5) with PaintShop respectively treatment step 3) and step 4) step of distribution situation figure of point on the forward and backward paper of rock deformation that obtains is:
The point color contrast distinctness on the distribution situation figure of the point on the forward and backward paper of rock deformation (the stressed front redness that adopts of rock is filled point, and the stressed rear employing black of rock is filled point) 5-1) is made by Photoshop software pencil tool;
5-2) superposition is through step 5-1) two pictures after process, adjustment picture transparency to 50%, obtains rock deformation forward and backward point-like superposition panorama sketch, as shown in Figure 2;
5-3) before, during and after rock deformation, point-like superposition panorama sketch chooses three point-like Local maps, from the close-by examples to those far off intercept respectively according to the position of stress point on distance rock, utilize Photoshop survey instrument directly can measure the size and Orientation of the change in displacement of each point, as shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, displacement isoline figure can be drawn out, can with numerical simulation regional value Accurate Analysis, carry out quantitative test, draw the direction of rock stress and deformation and the size of deformation quantity, complete the measurement to rocky areas deformation.
On the paper that even cloth is worked to the last minute, spacing is between points vertical 3 ~ 10mm, laterally 3 ~ 10mm.This point and dot spacing yardstick can according to measuring schedule requirement and test surfaces area adjusts.
From Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, away from the distance from stress point constantly becomes, the deformation quantity of rock is ascending, more descending.Directly can find out the Changing Pattern of the position that rock is stressed and deformation conduction.Not only can obtain the direction of deformation, the accurate data of deformation quantity size can also be obtained.
Embodiment four
Measure a method for rocky areas deformation, the method is made up of following steps:
1) print with CAD software the paper that even cloth works to the last minute, the paper of work to the last minute even cloth and plastic sheeting glue are close to formation and are made into integration film paper;
2) by step 1) point-like of film paper made towards upper, plastic sheeting face be close to by glue the surface that need measure rock sample and with need measure rock sample and form one;
3) place video camera on iron stand upper strata, and make it fix, in iron stand lower floor fixing step 2) obtained need measure rock sample, take the distribution situation figure of the point before rock deformation on paper with video camera;
4) make the stressed generation deformation of rock sample, take the distribution situation figure of the point in rock deformation on paper with video camera;
5) continue, to rock sample force, to take the distribution situation figure of the point after rock deformation on paper with video camera;
6) with PaintShop respectively treatment step 3) and step 4) the distribution situation figure of point before, during and after the rock deformation that obtains on paper, by the measurement of change in location of putting, complete the measurement to rocky areas deformation.
When the paper using even cloth to work to the last minute, step 5) with PaintShop respectively treatment step 3) and step 4) step of distribution situation figure of point before, during and after the rock deformation that obtains on paper is:
6-1) made the some color contrast on the distribution situation figure of the point before, during and after rock deformation on paper distinct by Photoshop software pencil tool;
6-2) superposition is through step 6-1) three pictures after process, adjustment picture transparency to 50%, obtains point-like superposition panorama sketch before, during and after rock deformation;
6-3) before, during and after rock deformation, point-like superposition panorama sketch chooses a point-like Local map, utilize Photoshop survey instrument directly can measure the size and Orientation of the change in displacement of each point, as shown in Figure 6, displacement isoline figure can be drawn out, can with numerical simulation regional value Accurate Analysis, carry out quantitative test, to draw before, during and after rock stress deformation the direction of deformation and the size of deformation quantity in three state transitional processes, complete the measurement to rocky areas deformation.
On the paper that even cloth is worked to the last minute, spacing is between points vertical 3 ~ 10mm, is laterally 3 ~ 10mm.This point and dot spacing yardstick can according to measuring schedule requirement and test surfaces area adjusts.
Step 4) and 5) in, make the stressed generation deformation of rock sample, photograph in real time with video camera, take the distribution situation process over time of the point after rock deformation on paper, carry out the intercepting of required moment picture with computer software.
As shown in Figure 6, upper arrow is the vector shift of respective point on each point to stressed middle rock on stressed front rock, below arrow is the vector shift for respective point on each point on stressed middle rock to stressed rear rock, makes the measurement result of measurement rock deformation more accurate.
Also can be divided into the more multistage by stressed for rock, make the measurement result measuring rock deformation more accurate.
A kind of method measuring rocky areas deformation provided by the invention, the grid paper figure to the forward and backward superposition of rock deformation is obtained by the figure that PaintShop process rock deformation is forward and backward, the direction of rock stress and deformation can be found out intuitively from the change of lines, it can also be seen that the size that stress and deformation changes, make qualitative analysis; Also rock deformation forward and backward point-like superposition panorama sketch is obtained by the figure that PaintShop process rock deformation is forward and backward, directly can measure the Distance geometry direction of the change in displacement of each point, displacement isoline figure can be drawn out, can with numerical simulation regional value Accurate Analysis, make quantitative test, thus complete the measurement to rocky areas deformation.Both be applicable to on-the-spot body of wall, reinforcing rod are coagulated to native deformed region and measure, also the measurement of laboratory to the deformation region of the materials such as rocklet is applicable to, regional deformation measurement can also be carried out to the material such as plastics, timber, the method method of operating is simple, precision is high, experiment equipment is simple, economical, applied widely; Paper and plastic film thickness little, meet water not yielding, can reuse, can fit tightly with rock again, make paper and rock deform in same pace, ensure that measurement data accuracy.
Claims (7)
1. measure a method for rocky areas deformation, it is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
1) paper of grid paper or even cloth being worked to the last minute and plastic sheeting are close to formation and are made into integration film paper;
2) by step 1) grid surface of film paper made or point-like towards upper, plastic sheeting face be close to the surface that need measure rock sample and with need measure rock sample and form one;
3) place video camera on iron stand upper strata, and make it fix, in iron stand lower floor fixing step 2) obtained need measure rock sample, take the distribution situation figure of grid before rock deformation on paper or point with video camera;
4) make the stressed generation deformation of rock sample, take the distribution situation figure of grid after rock deformation on paper or point with video camera;
5) with PaintShop respectively treatment step 3) and step 4) the distribution situation figure of grid on the forward and backward paper of rock deformation that obtains or point, by the measurement of the change in location of grid or point, complete the measurement to rocky areas deformation.
2. a kind of method measuring rocky areas deformation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that when using grid paper, step 5) with PaintShop respectively treatment step 3) and step 4) step of distribution situation figure of grid on the forward and backward paper of rock deformation that obtains is:
5-1) carry out color filling by Photoshop software, make the grid after the grid before rock deformation on paper and rock deformation on paper with distinct contrast;
5-2) superposition is through step 5-1) two pictures after process, adjustment picture transparency, by the measure of the change of the forward and backward grid position of rock deformation, draws the direction of rock stress and deformation and the size of deformation quantity, completes the measurement to rocky areas deformation.
3. a kind of method measuring rocky areas deformation according to claim 2, is characterized in that: on grid paper, the length of grid is 3 ~ 10mm, wide is 3 ~ 10mm.
4. a kind of method measuring rocky areas deformation according to claim 1, when it is characterized in that the paper when using even cloth to work to the last minute, step 5) with PaintShop respectively treatment step 3) and step 4) step of distribution situation figure of point on the forward and backward paper of rock deformation that obtains is:
5-1) processed by Photoshop software, make the point after the point before rock deformation on paper and rock deformation on paper with distinct contrast;
5-2) superposition is through step 5-1) two pictures after process, adjustment picture transparency, obtains rock deformation forward and backward point-like superposition panorama sketch;
5-3) in step 5-2) obtained rock deformation forward and backward point-like superposition panorama sketch chooses at least one point-like Local map, the displacement size and Orientation of the forward and backward point of point-like Local map rock deformation is measured by the survey instrument of Photoshop, draw the direction of rock stress and deformation and the size of deformation quantity, complete the measurement to rocky areas deformation.
5. a kind of method measuring rocky areas deformation according to claim 4, it is characterized in that step 5-3) quantity of point-like Local map chosen is three, from the close-by examples to those far off intercept respectively according to the position of stress point on distance rock, the displacement size and Orientation of the forward and backward point of each point-like Local map rock deformation is measured by the survey instrument of Photoshop, draw the direction of rock stress and deformation and the size of deformation quantity, analyze the Changing Pattern of the stressed position of rock and deformation conduction, complete the measurement to rocky areas deformation.
6. a kind of method measuring rocky areas deformation according to claim 4, is characterized in that: evenly on the cloth paper of working to the last minute, spacing is between points vertical 3 ~ 10mm, laterally 3 ~ 10mm.
7. a kind of method measuring rocky areas deformation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that step 4) be: make the stressed generation deformation of rock sample, photograph in real time with video camera, take the distribution situation process over time of grid after rock deformation on paper or point, carry out the intercepting of required moment picture with computer software.
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| CN106104200A (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2016-11-09 | 3M创新有限公司 | Sheet material and malformation assessment goods |
| CN106225709A (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2016-12-14 | 江西洪都航空工业集团有限责任公司 | A kind of rocket booster device for detecting deformation |
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| CN104315989B (en) | 2017-01-25 |
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