CN104313570B - Co3W3C鱼骨状硬质相增强Fe基耐磨涂层及制备 - Google Patents

Co3W3C鱼骨状硬质相增强Fe基耐磨涂层及制备 Download PDF

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CN104313570B
CN104313570B CN201410610715.9A CN201410610715A CN104313570B CN 104313570 B CN104313570 B CN 104313570B CN 201410610715 A CN201410610715 A CN 201410610715A CN 104313570 B CN104313570 B CN 104313570B
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CN104313570A (zh
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陶庆
刘建阳
沈承金
赖伟
王聪
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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Abstract

一种Co3W3C鱼骨状硬质相增强Fe基耐磨涂层及制备，属于材料表面耐磨涂层及制备方法。耐磨涂层为：C：1.89‑3.77％、Cr：5.4‑11.7％、Ni：3.3‑7.15％、W：28.81‑57.83％、Co：4.2‑8.4％、Si：0.03‑0.065％，余量为Fe；制备工艺耐磨涂层为：(1)等离子熔覆前对基体进行预处理；(2)对铁基合金粉末进行预处理；(3)调整等离子熔覆工艺参数，制备规定宽度和厚度的熔覆层，在空气中自然冷却。该耐磨涂层的工艺简单，制备的熔覆层与基体组织的冶金结合性强，可以实现熔覆层陶瓷相和基体间的最佳性能匹配，鱼骨状硬质相Co3W3C硬度值很高，在摩擦过程中起到骨架的作用减少基体组织的磨损，耐磨性能优良，且等离子熔覆便于操作，可实现自动化，制作耐磨层尺寸精度高，可广泛应用于机械零部件的表面改性。

Description

Co3W3C鱼骨状硬质相增强Fe基耐磨涂层及制备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种材料表面耐磨涂层及制备，特别是一种Co3W3C鱼骨状硬质相增强Fe基耐磨涂层及其制备方法。
背景技术
在机械零件的使用过程中，大部分的磨损发生在工件的表面部分，特别是在恶劣的工作环境中如高腐蚀、强摩擦、高温高压等，机械零件的磨损失效尤其严重。因此，要求在使用过过程中存在摩擦副的机械零件表面有较高的硬度和耐磨性。表面工程技术可以制备出性能优异的耐磨涂层，涂层材料多为复合材料，增强相主要为硬度和耐磨性都很高的碳化物、硼化物和氮化物等。Co3W3C鱼骨状硬质相并没有在目前的耐磨涂层的增强相中出现，也没有被用于耐磨涂层的增强相。
发明内容
本发明的目的是要提供一种操作工艺简便、且熔覆层不易脱落的Co3W3C鱼骨状硬质相增强Fe基耐磨涂层及其制备。
实现本发明目的的技术方案为：该耐磨涂层及制备方法：采用等离子熔覆工艺将Fe基WC合金粉末熔覆在金属基体表面获得一层以鱼骨状Co3W3C为强化相的耐磨高硬度涂层；
所述的Fe基WC混合合金粉末的组份按质量百分比为：C：1.89-3.77％、Cr：5.4-11.7％、Ni：3.3-7.15％、W：28.81-57.83％、Co：4.2-8.4％、Si：0.03-0.065％，余量为Fe；
等离子熔覆工艺具体步骤为：
(1)对基体进行预处理：
通过打磨去掉基体表面的氧化层，将处理好的基体放在等离子熔覆工作台，并调整好位置；
(2)对合金粉末预处理：
筛选颗粒度为280-320目的WC粉末与100-200目的Fe基合金粉末，制备所述质量百分比例的Fe基WC混合合金粉末，并放入搅拌器搅拌50-60分钟，放入干燥箱加热150℃干燥，完成以上预处理工艺即可放入等离子熔覆机；
(3)等离子熔覆：
等离子熔覆工艺的技术参数为：工作电流135-145A，工作电压11-12V，送粉气体和保护气体均采用氩气，送粉气压为280-300MPa，保护气压为700-800MPa，喷嘴距离基体表面10mm，扫描速度为80mm/min。
(4)熔覆层处理：
完成等离子熔覆工艺后，关闭等离子熔覆设备，对熔覆层的侧面与正面进行切削加工，打磨抛光后在光学显微镜和电子显微镜下即可看到鱼骨状硬质相，结合X射线衍射分析结果，可确定为Co3W3C，在硬度试验和耐磨性实验中均表现出很高的性能。
有益效果，由于采用了上述方案，等离子熔覆技术得到的熔覆层与基体材料的冶金结合性能十分优良，操作工艺简便，且设备价格较低。采用等离子熔覆工艺制备Fe基WC合金粉末获得Co3W3C鱼骨状硬质相增强Fe基耐磨涂层及其制备方法，其强化相为Co3W3C鱼骨状碳化物，该碳化物具有较高的硬度(显微硬度HV＝888-1097)和较高的耐磨性。获得增强相为鱼骨状硬质相Co3W3C的熔覆层具有高硬度高耐磨性的特点，且熔覆层不易脱落，具有很高的应用价值和创新意义。
本发明的优点是：
(1)等离子熔覆工艺简单，设备便于操作，经济效益高，可以大范围用于精密零部件的表面强化。
(2)采用以上的工艺方案，所得的熔覆层与基体的结合性强，可以实现熔覆层陶瓷相和基体间的最佳性能匹配，很大程度上提升了基体组织的综合力学性能。
(3)鱼骨状强化相Co3W3C具有高硬度高耐磨性的特征，提升了熔覆层的硬度，在摩擦中作为熔覆层的骨架减少基体组织的磨损，有效的提升了基体的使用价值。
附图说明
图1为本发明等离子熔覆耐磨涂层的XRD图谱。
图2为本发明等离子熔覆层在光学显微镜下的金相组织图。
图3为本发明等离子熔覆层在电子显微镜下的金相组织图。
图4为本发明等离子熔覆层在磨损实验后100微米的组织形貌。
图5为本发明等离子熔覆层在磨损实验后30微米的组织形貌。
具体实施方式：
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施例作进一步的描述：
本发明的耐磨涂层及制备方法：采用等离子熔覆工艺将Fe基WC合金粉末熔覆在金属基体表面获得一层以鱼骨状Co3W3C为强化相的耐磨高硬度涂层；
所述的Fe基WC混合合金粉末的组份按质量百分比为：C：1.89-3.77％、Cr：5.4-11.7％、Ni：3.3-7.15％、W：28.81-57.83％、Co：4.2-8.4％、Si：0.03-0.065％，余量为Fe；
等离子熔覆工艺具体步骤为：
(1)对基体进行预处理：
通过打磨去掉基体表面的氧化层，将处理好的基体放在等离子熔覆工作台，并调整好位置；
(2)对合金粉末预处理：
筛选颗粒度为280-320目的WC粉末与100-200目的Fe基合金粉末，制备所述质量百分比例的Fe基WC混合合金粉末，并放入搅拌器搅拌50-60分钟，放入干燥箱加热150℃干燥，完成以上预处理工艺即可放入等离子熔覆机；
(3)等离子熔覆：
等离子熔覆工艺的技术参数为：工作电流135-145A，工作电压11-12V，送粉气体和保护气体均采用氩气，送粉气压为280-300MPa，保护气压为700-800MPa，喷嘴距离基体表面10mm，扫描速度为80mm/min。
(4)熔覆层处理：
完成等离子熔覆工艺后，关闭等离子熔覆设备，对熔覆层的侧面与正面进行切削加工，打磨抛光后在光学显微镜和电子显微镜下即可看到鱼骨状硬质相，结合X射线衍射分析结果，可确定为Co3W3C，在硬度试验和耐磨性实验中均表现出很高的性能。
实施例1：通过打磨去掉基体表面的氧化层，将处理好的基体放在等离子熔覆工作台，并调整好位置。
筛选颗粒度为280-320目的WC粉末与100-200目的Fe基合金粉末，制备Fe基WC混合合金粉末，其组份按质量百分比为：C：3.24％、Cr：7.2％、Ni：4.4％、W：49.56％、Co：7.2％、Si：0.04％，余量为Fe。对粉末进行预处理，放入搅拌器搅拌50-60分钟，放入干燥箱加热150℃干燥，放入送粉器。熔覆工艺为：工作电流140A，工作电压11V，送粉气体和保护气体均采用氩气，送粉气压为300MPa，保护气压为800MPa，喷嘴距离基体表面10mm，扫描速度为80mm/min。熔覆完毕后关闭等离子熔覆机，将工件在空气中自然冷却至室温。
制备的Co3W3C鱼骨状硬质相增强Fe基耐磨涂层在M-200磨损试验机上进行对磨实验，磨损时间40min，磨损量仅为0.008g，而Q235钢相同条件下的磨损量为0.1996g，耐磨性有了明显的提升，最高硬度值达到946HV，硬度值也提升明显。
图2中，可以看到有大量的鱼骨状硬质相分布于基体之上，图3中，可以明显的看出其组织的骨架结构，在摩擦实验中，起到耐磨骨架的左右，减少了基体组织的磨损，提升了耐磨性。
实施例2：基体的预处理工艺保持与实施例1相同，制备的Fe基WC混合合金粉末，其组份按质量百分比为：C：3.77％、Cr：5.4％、Ni：3.3％、W：57.83％、Co：8.4％、Si：0.03％，余量为Fe。等离子熔覆的工艺参数保持与实施例1相同，可得到性能优良的熔覆层。
制备的Co3W3C鱼骨状硬质相增强Fe基耐磨涂层在M-200磨损试验机上进行对磨实验，磨损时间40min，磨损量为0.0032g，耐磨性十分优良，图1为实施例2的等离子熔覆层的XRD图谱，熔覆层中的Co3W3C对其性能的提升起到很大的作用。图4中，可以看出在磨损面上有大量的鱼骨状硬质相Co3W3C浮凸于基体表面，耐磨性能良好。
实施例3：基体的预处理工艺保持与实施例1相同，制备的Fe基WC混合合金粉末，其组份按质量百分比为：C：1.89％、Cr：11.7％、Ni：7.15％、W：28.81％、Co：4.2％、Si：0.065％，余量为Fe。等离子熔覆的工艺参数保持与实施例1相同，可得到性能优良的熔覆层。

Claims (1)

1.一种Co3W3C鱼骨状硬质相增强Fe基耐磨涂层的制备方法，其特征是：采用等离子熔覆工艺将Fe基WC合金粉末熔覆在金属基体表面获得一层以鱼骨状Co3W3C为强化相的耐磨高硬度涂层；耐磨涂层由以下质量百分比的合金粉末元素组成，所述的合金粉末的组份为：C：1.89-3.77%、Cr：5.4-11.7%、Ni：3.3-7.15%、W：28.81-57.83%、Co：4.2-8.4%、Si：0.03-0.065%，余量为Fe；
具体步骤为：
（1）对基体进行预处理：
通过打磨去掉基体表面的氧化层，将处理好的基体放在等离子熔覆工作台，并调整好位置；
（2）对合金粉末预处理：
筛选颗粒度为280-320目的WC粉末与100-200目的Fe基合金粉末，制备所述质量比例的Fe基WC混合合金粉末，并放入搅拌器搅拌50-60分钟，放入干燥箱加热150℃干燥，完成以上预处理工艺即可放入等离子熔覆机；
（3）等离子熔覆：
等离子熔覆工艺的技术参数为：工作电流135-145A，工作电压11-12V，送粉气体和保护气体均采用氩气，送粉气压为280-300MPa，保护气压为700-800MPa，喷嘴距离基体表面10mm，扫描速度为80mm/min；
（4）熔覆层处理：
完成等离子熔覆工艺后，关闭等离子熔覆设备，对熔覆层的侧面与正面进行切削加工，打磨抛光后在光学显微镜和电子显微镜下即可看到鱼骨状硬质相，结合X射线衍射分析结果，确定为Co3W3C，在硬度试验和耐磨性实验中均表现出很高的性能。
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