CN104306653A - 治疗气管炎合并哮喘的中药组合物及制备方法 - Google Patents
治疗气管炎合并哮喘的中药组合物及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗气管炎合并哮喘的中药组合物，由下列原料药制备而成，均为重量份：板蓝根0.8-1.6，生石膏0.3-0.5，钩藤0.6-1.5，墨旱莲0.6-1.0，漏芦0.8-1.2，长春花0.8-1.2，木莲果1.0-1.5，蚤休0.6-1.2，葛根1.0-2.0，三百银0.5-1.2，荆芥穗0.8-1.2。本发明的优良效果还表现在：本发明基于祖国医学对气管炎、哮喘病的发病机理的认识，从祖国医学宝库中筛选出益气补肾、清肺化痰、止咳平喘的天然药物组方而成；本组方在清肺化痰、止咳平喘的同时，加强了益气补肾、疏肝活血之功，所选材料皆为传统中药材料，无任何毒副作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中医中药领域，特别是涉及一种治疗气管炎合并哮喘的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
气管炎合并哮喘是危害人类生命的主要病症，患者可能会因为哮喘而引起喘息反复发作，出现严重的气急胸闷现象，甚至会逐渐发展成为肺气肿或肺源性心脏病，严重影响患者的正常生活，给人们带来的极大的痛苦。
气管炎和哮喘属于中医学“咳嗽”、“痰饮”、“喘证”的范畴。《黄帝内经》对咳嗽的论述颇详。如《素问·宣明篇》曰：“五气所病...肺为咳”、“皮毛者肺之合也，皮毛先受邪气，邪气以从其合也”、正如《素问·咳论篇》日：“五脏六腑皆令人咳，非独肺也”。现代医家认为，无论气管炎或哮喘的发作期或缓解期都是虚实夹杂，本虚标实之证。罗凤萍认为其病机多为肺气虚，痰饮伏肺，肺络瘀滞，复感痰湿、风热、风寒之邪，致肺失宣肃，水湿不化，湿聚生痰，壅阻气道，痰气搏结，肺气上逆，咳喘之证作矣。反之，气虚无力化痰，痰湿的存在又是加重咳痰喘的重要因素。多属肺肾气虚。所以，应采取中医辩证施治。
公开号 CN 1899556 A（申请号200610019666.7）的中国发明专利公开了一种治疗气管炎、哮喘的药物，各组分的重量比为：雪蚕2-8，白豆蔻5-15，番红花0.1-1，熟地黄5-12，甘草2-9，冬虫夏草0.1-0.6，大黄6-15，葛根3-10，天门冬4-12，薏苡仁5-10，绿豆3-10，麦门冬4-12，人参1-8，贝母8-15。公开号CN 101279063 A（申请号200810103757.8）的中国发明专利公开了一种治疗哮喘、气管炎的药物组合为，它包括重量单位按份计的以下原料制成的：川芎15-30份，白芷10-20份，百部5-15份，徐长卿3-10份，菊花15-30蜂蜜，忍冬藤10-20份，山楂5-15份，五味子5-15份，川楝子10-20份，苦杏仁5-15份，山茱萸10-20份，法半夏5-15份，茯苓15-30份，皂角刺10-20份，香附3-10份。公开号 CN 1907388 A（申请号200610051176.5）的中国发明专利公开了一种治疗支气管炎和支气管哮喘的中药，它由以下原料药制成：麻黄6-8，杏仁10-15，石膏18-25，贝母5-10，僵蚕10-15，甘草6-8，射干8-10，桔梗6-8，苏子10-15。
目前关于气管炎合并哮喘的治疗，西药通常使用抗生素，治标不治本，对人体的副作用大，复发率高。药效的延续时间短。反复使用又容易产生耐药性，轻者损伤脾胃，重者导致肝肾损伤，后患无穷。临床上也有病人中西药兼服，但仍存在服用量较大和效果相对差的弊端。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的是提供一种制备简单、服用方便、便于携带的治疗气管炎合并哮喘的中药组合物及其制备方法。该中药组合物疗效确切且无毒副作用。
本发明的技术方案是：
治疗气管炎合并哮喘的中药组合物，由下列原料药制备而成，均为重量份：板蓝根0.8-1.6，生石膏0.3-0.5，钩藤0.6-1.5，墨旱莲0.6-1.0，漏芦0.8-1.2，长春花0.8-1.2，木莲果1.0-1.5，蚤休0.6-1.2，葛根1.0-2.0，三百银0.5-1.2，荆芥穗0.8-1.2。
优选的方案中，板蓝根1.0-1.4，生石膏0.35-0.45，钩藤0.8-1.3，墨旱莲0.7-0.9，漏芦0.9-1.1，长春花0.9-1.1，木莲果1.1-1.4，蚤休0.8-1.0，葛根1.3-1.7，三百银0.7-1.0，荆芥穗0.9-1.1（优选的：板蓝根1.2，生石膏0.4，钩藤1.0，墨旱莲0.8，漏芦1.0，长春花1.0，木莲果1.2，蚤休0.9，葛根1.5，三百银0.85，荆芥穗1.0）。
治疗气管炎合并哮喘的中药组合物，所述稠膏剂的制备方法是：
（1）将漏芦洗净，除去杂质，加清水浸泡20-30min后取出，置笼屉内加热蒸透为度，取出晒干；三百银洗净、切段，用黄酒喷淋拌匀，焖润后，置锅内炒至微干，取出放凉；
（2）蚤休洗净，入炒锅内，慢火炒至焦黄色，取出，放凉，研末，过60-80目筛（优选过70目筛）；生石膏捣碎，过100-140目筛（优选过120目筛）；将蚤休粉与生石膏粉混匀，置于通透袋中，备用；
（3）将板蓝根、钩藤、墨旱莲、长春花、木莲果、葛根和荆芥穗洗净，置于砂锅内，同时加入步骤（1）处理过的漏芦、三百银和步骤（2）所得混合细粉；向砂锅中加入7-9倍量的纯净水，浸泡30-60分钟，然后加热煮沸，煎煮3-5小时（优选的，煎煮3.5-4.5小时；更加优选的，煎煮4小时），过滤，得第一次滤液；再向砂锅中加入4-6倍量的纯净水，加热煎煮2-3小时（优选的，加热煎煮2.2-2.8小时；更加优选的，加热煎煮2.5小时），过滤，得第二次滤液；
（4）将步骤（3）所得两次滤液混合，减压浓缩成1:1，加入乙醇，边加边搅拌，使含醇量达50%-70%，静置12-24小时，取上清液回收乙醇，浓缩至相对密度为1.28-1.32（80℃）的稠膏，即得稠膏剂。
上述治疗气管炎合并哮喘中药稠膏剂的制备方法，优选的方案是，步骤（3）中浸泡时间为40-50分钟（优选浸泡时间为45分钟）。
上述治疗气管炎合并哮喘中药稠膏剂的制备方法，优选的方案是，步骤（4）中使含醇量达55%-65%（优选使含醇量达60%）。
上述治疗气管炎合并哮喘中药稠膏剂的制备方法，优选的方案是，步骤（4）中加入质量浓度为80%-100%的乙醇（优选的加入质量浓度为85%-95%的乙醇，更加优选的加入质量浓度为90%的乙醇）。
上述治疗气管炎合并哮喘中药稠膏剂的制备方法，优选的方案是，步骤（4）中静置时间为16-20小时（优选静置时间为18小时）。
所述颗粒剂的制备方法是：
（1）将漏芦洗净，除去杂质，加清水浸泡20-30min后取出，置笼屉内加热蒸透为度，取出晒干；三百银洗净、切段，用黄酒喷淋拌匀，焖润后，置锅内炒至微干，取出放凉；
（2）蚤休洗净，入炒锅内，慢火炒至焦黄色，取出，放凉，研末，过60-80目筛（优选过70目筛）；生石膏捣碎，过100-140目筛（优选过120目筛）；将蚤休粉与生石膏粉混匀，置于通透袋中，备用；
（3）将板蓝根、钩藤、墨旱莲、长春花、木莲果、葛根和荆芥穗洗净，置于砂锅内，同时加入步骤（1）处理过的漏芦、三百银和步骤（2）所得混合细粉；向砂锅中加入7-9倍量的纯净水，浸泡30-60分钟，然后加热煮沸，煎煮3-5小时（优选的，煎煮3.5-4.5小时；更加优选的，煎煮4小时），过滤，得第一次滤液；再向砂锅中加入4-6倍量的纯净水，加热煎煮2-3小时（优选的，加热煎煮2.2-2.8小时；更加优选的，加热煎煮2.5小时），过滤，得第二次滤液；
（4）将步骤（3）所得两次滤液混合，减压浓缩成1:1，加入乙醇（优选质量浓度为90%的乙醇），边加边搅拌，使含醇量达50%-70%，静置12小时，取上清液回收乙醇，浓缩至相对密度为1.28-1.32（80℃）的稠膏；
（5）向步骤（4）所得稠膏中，加入蔗糖粉与糊精的混合物（蔗糖：糊精=4：1），搅拌混合成软材，挤压过筛得颗粒，于60℃干燥，整粒，分装（每袋10g），密封，即得颗粒剂。
所述汤剂的制备方法是：
（1）将漏芦洗净，除去杂质，加清水浸泡20-30min后取出，置笼屉内加热蒸透为度，取出晒干；三百银洗净、切段，用黄酒喷淋拌匀，焖润后，置锅内炒至微干，取出放凉；
（2）蚤休洗净，入炒锅内，慢火炒至焦黄色，取出，放凉，研末，过60-80目筛（优选过70目筛）；生石膏捣碎，过100-140目筛（优选过120目筛）；将蚤休粉与生石膏粉混匀，置于通透袋中，备用；
（3）将板蓝根、钩藤、墨旱莲、长春花、木莲果、葛根和荆芥穗洗净，置于砂锅内，同时加入步骤（1）处理过的漏芦、三百银和步骤（2）所得混合细粉；向砂锅中加入7-9倍量的纯净水，浸泡30-60分钟，然后加热煮沸，煎煮3-5小时（优选的，煎煮3.5-4.5小时；更加优选的，煎煮4小时），过滤，得第一次滤液；再向砂锅中加入4-6倍量的纯净水，加热煎煮2-3小时（优选的，加热煎煮2.2-2.8小时；更加优选的，加热煎煮2.5小时），过滤，得第二次滤液；
（4）将步骤（3）所得两次滤液混合，减压浓缩，冷却，无菌封装，即得中药汤剂。
所述散剂的制备方法是：
（1）将漏芦洗净，除去杂质，加清水浸泡20-30min后取出，置笼屉内加热蒸透为度，取出晒干；三百银洗净、切段，用黄酒喷淋拌匀，焖润后，置锅内炒至微干，取出放凉；蚤休洗净，入炒锅内，慢火炒至焦黄色，取出，放凉；
（2）生石膏捣碎，过120-160目筛（优选过140目筛），得石膏粉；
（3）将处理后的漏芦、三百银、蚤休与板蓝根、钩藤、墨旱莲、长春花、木莲果、葛根和荆芥穗一起置于粉碎机中粉碎，过60-100目筛（优选过80目筛），得混合细粉；
（4）将步骤（2）所得石膏粉加入到上述混合细粉中，混匀，无菌封装，每袋7g，即得散剂。
本发明所用主要中药原料的药理如下：
板蓝根：基原：为十字花科植物菘篮和草大青的根；或爵床科植物马蓝的根茎及根。化学成份：菘蓝的根部含靛甙、β-谷甾醇、靛红、板蓝根结晶乙、板蓝根结晶丙、板蓝根结晶丁。又含植物性蛋白、树脂状物、糖类等。根中氨基酸有精氨酸、脯氨酸、谷氨酸、酪氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、缬氨酸和亮氨酸。又含芥子甙。还含有抗革兰氏阳性和阴性细菌的抑菌物质及动力精。药理作用：①抗菌抗病毒作用；②抗钩端螺旋体作用，③解毒作用；性味：苦，寒。归经：《本草便读》：“入肝、胃血分。”功能主治：清热，解毒，凉血。治流感，流脑，乙脑，肺炎，丹毒，热毒发斑，神昏吐衄，咽肿，痄腮，火眼，疮疹，舌绛紫暗，喉痹，烂喉丹痧，大头瘟疫，痈肿；可防治流行性乙型脑炎、急慢性肝炎、流行性腮腺炎、骨髓炎。
生石膏：基原：为硫酸盐类矿物石膏的矿石。性味：辛，甘，微寒。归经： 归肺、胃经。功效：清热泻火，除烦止渴，收敛生肌。主治：中风寒热，心下逆气惊喘，口干舌焦，胃热肺热，缓脾益气。
长春花：基原：为夹竹桃科长春花属植物长春花，黄长春花的全草。成分：长春花中含有吲哚类生物碱70余种，包含长春碱、长春新碱、洛柯定碱、洛柯辛碱、去乙酰文朵尼定碱、长春花碱、长春尼定、洛柯宁碱等。根含生物碱，包括帽柱木碱、阿枯米辛碱、长春西定、洛柯文碱、硫酸卡文辛碱、硫酸留绕西文碱，阿模楷灵碱、硫酸派绕生等。药理作用：1.抗肿瘤作用 长春花含有的长春碱、长春新碱、环氧长春碱、异长春碱具有明显的抗肿瘤作用。2.抗肿瘤作用机理 长春花抗肿瘤作用与药物对微管蛋白结合的高亲和力直接有关，抑制核酸合成是它的另一机制。3.降血压与扩血管作用 长春花总生物碱不论灌胃、肌注或静注对麻醉犬均有降压作用，还有扩张冠状血管的作用。4.降血糖和降血脂作用 本品叶的水提取物对正常或四氧嘧啶糖尿病兔和犬有降低血糖作用。药性：苦，寒，有毒。功用主治：解毒抗癌，清热平肝。主治多种癌肿，高血压病，痈肿疮毒，烫伤。
木莲果：基原：为木兰科木莲属植物木莲的果实。化学成分：主要有棕榈酸，油酸，亚油酸。药性：1、《天目山药用植物志》：“具有芳气，味淡。” 2、《全国中草药汇编》：“止咳，通便。”功用主治：通便，止咳。主治实热便秘，老人咳嗽。
钩藤：钩藤：基原：为茜草科植物钩藤或华钩藤及其同属多种植物的带钩枝条。化学成份：带钩茎枝叶含钩藤碱、异钩藤碱、柯诺辛因碱、异柯诺辛因碱、柯楠因碱、二氢柯楠因碱、硬毛帽柱木碱、硬毛帽柱木因碱。性味：甘，凉。归经：入肝、心经。药理作用：①镇静作用；②降压作用。功能主治：清热平肝，熄风定惊。治小儿惊痫瘈疭，大人血压偏高，头晕、目眩，妇人子痫。
墨旱莲：基原：为菊科植物鳢肠的全草。性状：干燥全草全体被白色茸毛。茎圆柱形，长约30厘米，直径约3毫米：绿褐色或带紫红色，有纵棱。叶片卷曲，皱缩或破碎，绿褐色。茎顶带有头状花序，多已结实，果实很多，呈黑色颗粒状。浸水后搓其茎叶，则呈黑色。化学成份：全草含皂甙1.32％，烟碱约0.08％，鞣质，维生素A，鳢肠素，多种噻吩化合物如α-三联噻吩基甲醇及其乙酸酯，2-（丁二炔基）-5-（乙烯乙炔基）噻吩，2-（丁-二炔基）-5-（4-氯-3-羟丁炔-1-基）噻吩，2-（4-氯-3-羟丁炔-1-基）-5-（戊二炔-1，3-基）噻吩，乙酸（丁烯-3-炔-1-基）二联噻吩基甲醇酯等。叶含蟚蜞菊内酯、去甲基蟚蜞菊内酯、去甲基蟚蜞菊内酯-7-葡萄糖甙。性味：甘酸，凉。归经：入肝、肾经。功能主治：凉血，止血，补肾，益阴。治吐血，咳血，衄血，尿血，便血，血痢，刀伤出血，须发早白，白喉，淋浊，带下，阴部湿痒。
漏芦：基原：为菊科植物祁州漏芦或禹州漏芦的根。化学成份：祁州漏芦根含挥发油。性味：苦咸，寒。归经：入胃、大肠经。功能主治：清热解毒，消肿排脓，下乳，通筋脉。治痈疽发背，乳房肿痛。乳汁不通，瘰疬恶疮，湿痹筋脉拘牵，骨节疼痛，热毒血痢，痔疮出血。
蚤休：基原：为百合科植物七叶一枝花、金线重楼及其数种同属植物的根茎。性状：干燥根茎呈灰黄至灰褐色，圆柱形，略扁压，长4.5～8.5厘米，径2.5～3.5厘米，节结密生，呈盘状隆起，棕色鳞叶多已脱落，残留须根及其痕迹。茎基处下陷，时有灰白的残茎，周围密被棕色菲薄鳞叶。质坚实，不易折断。断面平坦，粉质，黄白色至浅灰黄色。气微，略有辣味。化学成份：七叶一枝花根含蚤休甙、薯蓣皂甙，薯蓣皂甙元的3-葡萄糖甙、3-鼠李糖葡萄糖甙、3-鼠李糖阿拉伯糖葡萄糖甙和3-四糖甙，娠二烯醇酮-3-查考茄三糖甙等多种皂甙。药理作用：①平喘、止咳作用，②抗菌作用。性味：苦辛，寒，有毒。归经：入心、肝经。功能主治：清热解毒，平喘止咳，熄风定惊。治痈肿，疔疮，瘰疬，喉痹，慢性气管炎，小儿惊风抽搐，蛇虫咬伤。
葛根：基原:本品为豆科植物野葛的干燥根。性状:本品呈纵切的长方形厚片或小方块。外皮淡棕色，有纵皱纹，粗糙。切面黄白色，纹理不明显。质韧，纤维性强。性味:甘、辛，凉。归经:归脾、胃经。功效:解肌退热，生津，透疹，升阳止泻。主治:用于外感发热头痛、项背强痛，口渴，消渴，麻疹不透，热痢，泄泻；高血压颈项强痛。
三百银：基原：为萝蘼科牛奶莱属植物牛奶菜的全株或根。化学成分：全草含三萜和脂肪烃类。三萜类:α-香树脂醇乙酸酯，羽扇豆醇己酸酯,α-香树脂醇丁酸酯和α-香树脂醇丙酸酯。脂肪烃娄：三十一烷，二十九烷和三十三烷。药性：《云南中草药》：“微苦，平。”功能主治：祛风湿，强筋骨，解蛇毒。主治风湿性关节炎，跌打扭伤，毒蛇咬伤。
荆芥穗：基原: 本品为唇形科植物荆芥的干燥花穗。性状: 本品穗状轮伞花序呈圆柱形，长3-15cm．直径约7mm。花冠多脱落，宿萼黄绿色，钟形．质脆易碎，内有棕黑色小坚果。性味: 辛，微温。归经: 归肺、肝经。功效: 解表散风，透疹。主治: 用于感冒，头痛，麻疹，风疹，疮疡初起。
本发明提供的中药组合物组方科学，各种剂型的制备方法简单，所得产品服用方便、便于携带。除此之外，本发明的优良效果还表现在：
1、本发明基于祖国医学对气管炎、哮喘病的发病机理的认识，从祖国医学宝库中筛选出益气补肾、清肺化痰、止咳平喘的天然药物组方而成；
2、本组方对因情志所伤，脾肾阳虚、外邪侵犯而致气管炎、哮喘病有显著疗效；
3、本组方在清肺化痰、止咳平喘的同时，加强了益气补肾、疏肝活血之功，所选材料皆为传统中药材料，无任何毒副作用；
4、药源易得，药材成本低廉，能够减轻患者负担。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和实验例详细说明本发明的技术方案，但保护范围不限于此。
实施例1 治疗气管炎合并哮喘的中药组合物，由下列原料药制备而成，均为重量份（35g/份）：板蓝根0.8份，生石膏0.3份，钩藤0.6份，墨旱莲0.6份，漏芦0.8份，长春花0.8份，木莲果1.0份，蚤休0.6份，葛根1.0份，三百银0.5份，荆芥穗0.8份。
上述治疗气管炎合并哮喘的中药稠膏剂的制备方法是：
（1）将漏芦洗净，除去杂质，加清水浸泡20-30min后取出，置笼屉内加热蒸透为度，取出晒干；三百银洗净、切段，用黄酒喷淋拌匀，焖润后，置锅内炒至微干，取出放凉；
（2）蚤休洗净，入炒锅内，慢火炒至焦黄色，取出，放凉，研末，过60目筛；生石膏捣碎，过100目筛；将蚤休粉与生石膏粉混匀，置于通透袋中，备用；
（3）将板蓝根、钩藤、墨旱莲、长春花、木莲果、葛根和荆芥穗洗净，置于砂锅内，同时加入步骤（1）处理过的漏芦、三百银和步骤（2）所得混合细粉；向砂锅中加入7-9倍量的纯净水，浸泡30-60分钟，然后加热煮沸，煎煮3小时，过滤，得第一次滤液；再向砂锅中加入4-6倍量的纯净水，加热煎煮2小时，过滤，得第二次滤液；
（4）将步骤（3）所得两次滤液混合，减压浓缩成1:1，加入质量浓度为85%的乙醇，边加边搅拌，使含醇量达50%-70%，静置12-24小时，取上清液回收乙醇，浓缩至相对密度为1.28-1.32（80℃）的稠膏，即得稠膏剂。
本发明稠膏剂的服用方法是：取两到三汤匙膏滋，放在杯中，用白开水冲服，每天两次，10天一个疗程。
典型病例： xxx，男，56岁，新乡人。患者自述：2009年初检查出患有气管炎、哮喘，每逢季节交替时，病症发作。最后发展到一年四季经常发作，发作时，咳嗽剧烈，气喘声厚重，常年靠吃西药维持，服药后咳嗽、气喘缓解，但不久又复发。患者因常年病痛和西药折磨，身体消瘦，目光呆滞，免疫力下降，小病不断。在家人的劝导下，来我处尝试用中药治疗。
服用本实施例所得治疗气管炎合并哮喘的中药稠膏剂，服用两个疗程后，患者气喘缓解，咳嗽咳痰减轻，继续服用两个疗程，患者气管炎、哮喘消失，检查发现患者胸片正常，痊愈。患者至今再没有服用过其他药物，气管炎、哮喘没再复发。
实施例2 治疗气管炎合并哮喘的中药组合物，由下列原料药制备而成，均为重量份（15g/份）：板蓝根1.6份，生石膏0.5份，钩藤1.5份，墨旱莲1.0份，漏芦1.2份，长春花1.2份，木莲果1.5份，蚤休1.2份，葛根2.0份，三百银1.2份，荆芥穗1.2份。
上述治疗气管炎合并哮喘的中药颗粒剂的制备方法是：
（1）将漏芦洗净，除去杂质，加清水浸泡20-30min后取出，置笼屉内加热蒸透为度，取出晒干；三百银洗净、切段，用黄酒喷淋拌匀，焖润后，置锅内炒至微干，取出放凉；
（2）蚤休洗净，入炒锅内，慢火炒至焦黄色，取出，放凉，研末，过70目筛；生石膏捣碎，过120目筛；将蚤休粉与生石膏粉混匀，置于通透袋中，备用；
（3）将板蓝根、钩藤、墨旱莲、长春花、木莲果、葛根和荆芥穗洗净，置于砂锅内，同时加入步骤（1）处理过的漏芦、三百银和步骤（2）所得混合细粉；向砂锅中加入7-9倍量的纯净水，浸泡30-60分钟，然后加热煮沸，煎煮4小时，过滤，得第一次滤液；再向砂锅中加入4-6倍量的纯净水，加热煎煮2.5小时，过滤，得第二次滤液；
（4）将步骤（3）所得两次滤液混合，减压浓缩成1:1，加入质量浓度为90%的乙醇，边加边搅拌，使含醇量达50%-70%，静置12小时，取上清液回收乙醇，浓缩至相对密度为1.28-1.32（80℃）的稠膏；
（5）向步骤（4）所得稠膏中，加入蔗糖粉与糊精的混合物（蔗糖：糊精=4：1），搅拌混合成软材，挤压过筛得颗粒，于60℃干燥，整粒，分装（每袋10g），密封，即得颗粒剂。
本发明颗粒剂的服用方法是：每次1-2袋，每天两次，温开水冲服，10天一个疗程。
典型病例：xxx，年龄：45岁；性别：男；主诉：间断咳嗽、咳痰伴喘息3年；现病史：咳嗽以晨起和夜间明显，咳白色粘痰，时有痰量增多、痰液变稠或呈黄色，不易咳出。讨论：X片显示双下肺纹理增粗、紊乱。经化验、X片和肺功能检查确诊为气管炎合并哮喘。
服用本实施例所得治疗气管炎合并哮喘的中药颗粒剂，每次1-2袋，每天两次，10天一个疗程。服用两个疗程后，患者咳嗽、咳痰、气促明显减轻，纳量增，精神可。又服用一个疗程药物，患者病灶部位明显改善及趋于正常。继服一个疗程加以巩固，患者服用时未出现任何不适，患者自感痊愈。至今无复发。
实施例3 治疗气管炎合并哮喘的中药组合物，由下列原料药制备而成，均为重量份（30g/份）：板蓝根1.0份，生石膏0.35份，钩藤0.8份，墨旱莲0.7份，漏芦0.9份，长春花0.9份，木莲果1.1份，蚤休0.8份，葛根1.3份，三百银0.7份，荆芥穗0.9份。
上述治疗气管炎合并哮喘的中药汤剂的制备方法是：
（1）将漏芦洗净，除去杂质，加清水浸泡20-30min后取出，置笼屉内加热蒸透为度，取出晒干；三百银洗净、切段，用黄酒喷淋拌匀，焖润后，置锅内炒至微干，取出放凉；
（2）蚤休洗净，入炒锅内，慢火炒至焦黄色，取出，放凉，研末，过70目筛；生石膏捣碎，过120目筛；将蚤休粉与生石膏粉混匀，置于通透袋中，备用；
（3）将板蓝根、钩藤、墨旱莲、长春花、木莲果、葛根和荆芥穗洗净，置于砂锅内，同时加入步骤（1）处理过的漏芦、三百银和步骤（2）所得混合细粉；向砂锅中加入7-9倍量的纯净水，浸泡30-60分钟，然后加热煮沸，煎煮4小时，过滤，得第一次滤液；再向砂锅中加入4-6倍量的纯净水，加热煎煮2.5小时，过滤，得第二次滤液；
（4）将步骤（3）所得两次滤液混合，减压浓缩，冷却，无菌封装，即得中药汤剂。
本发明汤剂的服用方法是：每天服用两次（温热），每次80m1-120m1，10天一个疗程。
典型病例：田xx，女，51岁，教师。患者自述：2011年3月检查发现患有哮喘病。发病初期，表现为痰多、喉管异物感。后来病情加重，发作时，行动困难，稍一活动则气喘不已，有时教学时突然发作，咳嗽剧烈，无法正常工作。患者曾在当地医院检查，治疗无果。经学生家长介绍来我处治疗。检查发现缓则肋间隙增宽，肺纹理粗重，紊乱。哮喘病确诊无误。
服用本实施例所得治疗气管炎合并哮喘的中药汤剂，每天服用两次（温热），每次80m1-120m1，10天一个疗程。患者服用两个疗程后即痊愈，经随访检查，患者胸片恢复正常，哮喘不再发作。至今无复发。
实施例4 治疗气管炎合并哮喘的中药组合物，由下列原料药制备而成，均为重量份（20g/份）：板蓝根1.4份，生石膏0.45份，钩藤1.3份，墨旱莲0.9份，漏芦1.1份，长春花1.1份，木莲果1.4份，蚤休1.0份，葛根1.7份，三百银1.0份，荆芥穗1.1份。
上述治疗气管炎合并哮喘的中药散剂的制备方法是：
（1）将漏芦洗净，除去杂质，加清水浸泡20-30min后取出，置笼屉内加热蒸透为度，取出晒干；三百银洗净、切段，用黄酒喷淋拌匀，焖润后，置锅内炒至微干，取出放凉；蚤休洗净，入炒锅内，慢火炒至焦黄色，取出，放凉；
（2）生石膏捣碎，过140目筛，得石膏粉；
（3）将处理后的漏芦、三百银、蚤休与板蓝根、钩藤、墨旱莲、长春花、木莲果、葛根和荆芥穗一起置于粉碎机中粉碎，过80目筛，得混合细粉；
（4）将步骤（2）所得石膏粉加入到上述混合细粉中，混匀，无菌封装，每袋7g，即得散剂。
本发明散剂的服用方法是，每次一袋，每天两次，开水冲服，10天一个疗程。
典型病例：张xx，35岁，男性；主述：因咳嗽，咯痰7天，加重伴发热2天入院。现病史：咳嗽，咯痰，痰液呈白色泡沫样，伴气紧，咯血，发热，胸痛，盗汗，心累。讨论：双肺纹理增强，B超显示肝大、脾大、左肾囊肿。经确诊为气管炎。
服用本实施例所得治疗气管炎合并哮喘的中药散剂，每次一袋，每天两次，开水冲服，10天一个疗程。服用两个疗程后，患者咳嗽，咯痰减轻，纳量增，精神可。继续服用一个疗程，患者无咳嗽，气紧、胸痛、心累消失。患者自感痊愈。检查双肺纹理正常。随访至今无复发。
实施例5 治疗气管炎合并哮喘的中药组合物，由下列原料药制备而成，均为重量份（25g/份）：板蓝根1.2份，生石膏0.4份，钩藤1.0份，墨旱莲0.8份，漏芦1.0份，长春花1.0份，木莲果1.2份，蚤休0.9份，葛根1.5份，三百银0.85份，荆芥穗1.0份。
上述治疗气管炎合并哮喘的中药稠膏剂的制备方法是：
（1）将漏芦洗净，除去杂质，加清水浸泡20-30min后取出，置笼屉内加热蒸透为度，取出晒干；三百银洗净、切段，用黄酒喷淋拌匀，焖润后，置锅内炒至微干，取出放凉；
（2）蚤休洗净，入炒锅内，慢火炒至焦黄色，取出，放凉，研末，过70目筛；生石膏捣碎，过120目筛；将蚤休粉与生石膏粉混匀，置于通透袋中，备用；
（3）将板蓝根、钩藤、墨旱莲、长春花、木莲果、葛根和荆芥穗洗净，置于砂锅内，同时加入步骤（1）处理过的漏芦、三百银和步骤（2）所得混合细粉；向砂锅中加入7-9倍量的纯净水，浸泡45分钟，然后加热煮沸，煎煮4小时，过滤，得第一次滤液；再向砂锅中加入4-6倍量的纯净水，加热煎煮2.5小时，过滤，得第二次滤液；
（4）将步骤（3）所得两次滤液混合，减压浓缩成1:1，加入质量浓度为90%的乙醇，边加边搅拌，使含醇量达60%，静置18小时，取上清液回收乙醇，浓缩至相对密度为1.28-1.32（80℃）的稠膏，即得稠膏剂。
本发明稠膏剂的服用方法是：取两到三汤匙膏滋，放在杯中，用白开水冲服，每天两次，10天一个疗程。
试验例1 实施例5所得治疗气管炎合并哮喘的中药稠膏剂的临床应用：
1、 资料和方法
1.1 一般资料
2010年3月-2012年9月，在4所医院筛选316例患者，其中男性175例，女性141例，年龄30-78岁，平均年龄54.5岁。
1.2 选取标准
患者均符合气管炎合并哮喘病症。排除患有高血压或消化性溃疡等疾病，并且至少两周内未使用过糖皮质激素或抗生素。
1.3 治疗方法
所有患者随机分为两组，实验组和对照组，实验组服用实施例5所得产品，服用方法为：取两到三汤匙膏滋，放在杯中，用白开水冲服，每天两次，10天一个疗程。对照组服用其它药品（如盐酸妥洛特罗片、喘嗽宁胶囊、海珠喘息定片等常规药品）。共治疗三个疗程。
1.4 疗效评定标准
治愈：服用本品三个疗程，X光片显示肺纹理清晰，不适症状消失，精力及体力明显增强；显效：服用本品三个疗程，X光片显示肺纹理略粗，不适症状减轻或部分消失，精力及体力增强；无效：服用本品三个疗程，X光片无明显改变，不适症状无变化。
1.5 治疗结果
结果如表1所示。
表1：服用实施例5产品30-78岁患者治疗结果
治疗效果：治愈145例（72.5%）， 显效52例（26%），无效3例（1.5%），总有效率98.5%。效果明显优于对照组。
本中药组合物配方科学合理，其中板蓝根与漏芦、蚤休合用增强清热，解毒，凉血之功效；生石膏具有清热泻火，除烦止渴，收敛生肌的功效；长春花中含有吲哚类生物碱多余种，具有解毒抗癌，清热平肝之效；墨旱莲凉血止血、补肾益阴。诸药并用在止咳平喘的同时起安神、调和补气等作用。实验组中服用三个疗程，有效率可达98.5%，而对照组仅为82.8%。
应当指出的是，具体实施方式只是本发明比较有代表性的例子，显然本发明的技术方案不限于上述实施例，还可以有很多变形。本领域的普通技术人员，以本发明所明确公开的或根据文件的书面描述毫无异议的得到的，均应认为是本专利所要保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.治疗气管炎合并哮喘的中药组合物，其特征在于，由下列原料药制备而成，均为重量份：板蓝根0.8-1.6，生石膏0.3-0.5，钩藤0.6-1.5，墨旱莲0.6-1.0，漏芦0.8-1.2，长春花0.8-1.2，木莲果1.0-1.5，蚤休0.6-1.2，葛根1.0-2.0，三百银0.5-1.2，荆芥穗0.8-1.2。
2.如权利要求1所述的中药组合物，其特征在于，板蓝根1.0-1.4，生石膏0.35-0.45，钩藤0.8-1.3，墨旱莲0.7-0.9，漏芦0.9-1.1，长春花0.9-1.1，木莲果1.1-1.4，蚤休0.8-1.0，葛根1.3-1.7，三百银0.7-1.0，荆芥穗0.9-1.1（优选的：板蓝根1.2，生石膏0.4，钩藤1.0，墨旱莲0.8，漏芦1.0，长春花1.0，木莲果1.2，蚤休0.9，葛根1.5，三百银0.85，荆芥穗1.0）。
3.如权利要求1-2所述的中药组合物，其特征在于，所述稠膏剂的制备方法是：
（1）将漏芦洗净，除去杂质，加清水浸泡20-30min后取出，置笼屉内加热蒸透为度，取出晒干；三百银洗净、切段，用黄酒喷淋拌匀，焖润后，置锅内炒至微干，取出放凉；
（2）蚤休洗净，入炒锅内，慢火炒至焦黄色，取出，放凉，研末，过60-80目筛（优选过70目筛）；生石膏捣碎，过100-140目筛（优选过120目筛）；将蚤休粉与生石膏粉混匀，置于通透袋中，备用；
（3）将板蓝根、钩藤、墨旱莲、长春花、木莲果、葛根和荆芥穗洗净，置于砂锅内，同时加入步骤（1）处理过的漏芦、三百银和步骤（2）所得混合细粉；向砂锅中加入7-9倍量的纯净水，浸泡30-60分钟，然后加热煮沸，煎煮3-5小时（优选的，煎煮3.5-4.5小时；更加优选的，煎煮4小时），过滤，得第一次滤液；再向砂锅中加入4-6倍量的纯净水，加热煎煮2-3小时（优选的，加热煎煮2.2-2.8小时；更加优选的，加热煎煮2.5小时），过滤，得第二次滤液；
（4）将步骤（3）所得两次滤液混合，减压浓缩成1:1，加入乙醇，边加边搅拌，使含醇量达50%-70%，静置12-24小时，取上清液回收乙醇，浓缩至相对密度为1.28-1.32（80℃）的稠膏，即得稠膏剂。
4.如权利要求3所述稠膏剂的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）中浸泡时间为40-50分钟（优选浸泡时间为45分钟）。
5.如权利要求3所述稠膏剂的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（4）中使含醇量达55%-65%（优选使含醇量达60%）。
6.如权利要求3所述稠膏剂的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（4）中加入质量浓度为80%-100%的乙醇（优选的加入质量浓度为85%-95%的乙醇，更加优选的加入质量浓度为90%的乙醇）。
7.如权利要求3所述稠膏剂的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（4）中静置时间为16-20小时（优选静置时间为18小时）。
8.如权利要求1-2所述的中药组合物，其特征在于，所述颗粒剂的制备方法是：
（1）将漏芦洗净，除去杂质，加清水浸泡20-30min后取出，置笼屉内加热蒸透为度，取出晒干；三百银洗净、切段，用黄酒喷淋拌匀，焖润后，置锅内炒至微干，取出放凉；
（2）蚤休洗净，入炒锅内，慢火炒至焦黄色，取出，放凉，研末，过60-80目筛（优选过70目筛）；生石膏捣碎，过100-140目筛（优选过120目筛）；将蚤休粉与生石膏粉混匀，置于通透袋中，备用；
（3）将板蓝根、钩藤、墨旱莲、长春花、木莲果、葛根和荆芥穗洗净，置于砂锅内，同时加入步骤（1）处理过的漏芦、三百银和步骤（2）所得混合细粉；向砂锅中加入7-9倍量的纯净水，浸泡30-60分钟，然后加热煮沸，煎煮3-5小时（优选的，煎煮3.5-4.5小时；更加优选的，煎煮4小时），过滤，得第一次滤液；再向砂锅中加入4-6倍量的纯净水，加热煎煮2-3小时（优选的，加热煎煮2.2-2.8小时；更加优选的，加热煎煮2.5小时），过滤，得第二次滤液；
（4）将步骤（3）所得两次滤液混合，减压浓缩成1:1，加入乙醇（优选质量浓度为90%的乙醇），边加边搅拌，使含醇量达60%，静置12小时，取上清液回收乙醇，浓缩至相对密度为1.28-1.32（80℃）的稠膏；
（5）向步骤（4）所得稠膏中，加入蔗糖粉与糊精的混合物（蔗糖：糊精=4：1），搅拌混合成软材，挤压过筛得颗粒，于60℃干燥，整粒，分装（每袋10g），密封，即得颗粒剂。
9.如权利要求1-2所述的中药组合物，其特征在于，所述汤剂的制备方法是：
（1）将漏芦洗净，除去杂质，加清水浸泡20-30min后取出，置笼屉内加热蒸透为度，取出晒干；三百银洗净、切段，用黄酒喷淋拌匀，焖润后，置锅内炒至微干，取出放凉；
（2）蚤休洗净，入炒锅内，慢火炒至焦黄色，取出，放凉，研末，过60-80目筛（优选过70目筛）；生石膏捣碎，过100-140目筛（优选过120目筛）；将蚤休粉与生石膏粉混匀，置于通透袋中，备用；
（3）将板蓝根、钩藤、墨旱莲、长春花、木莲果、葛根和荆芥穗洗净，置于砂锅内，同时加入步骤（1）处理过的漏芦、三百银和步骤（2）所得混合细粉；向砂锅中加入7-9倍量的纯净水，浸泡30-60分钟，然后加热煮沸，煎煮3-5小时（优选的，煎煮3.5-4.5小时；更加优选的，煎煮4小时），过滤，得第一次滤液；再向砂锅中加入4-6倍量的纯净水，加热煎煮2-3小时（优选的，加热煎煮2.2-2.8小时；更加优选的，加热煎煮2.5小时），过滤，得第二次滤液；
（4）将步骤（3）所得两次滤液混合，减压浓缩，冷却，无菌封装，即得中药汤剂。
10.如权利要求1-2所述的中药组合物，其特征在于，所述散剂的制备方法是：
（1）将漏芦洗净，除去杂质，加清水浸泡20-30min后取出，置笼屉内加热蒸透为度，取出晒干；三百银洗净、切段，用黄酒喷淋拌匀，焖润后，置锅内炒至微干，取出放凉；蚤休洗净，入炒锅内，慢火炒至焦黄色，取出，放凉；
（2）生石膏捣碎，过120-160目筛（优选过140目筛），得石膏粉；
（3）将处理后的漏芦、三百银、蚤休与板蓝根、钩藤、墨旱莲、长春花、木莲果、葛根和荆芥穗一起置于粉碎机中粉碎，过60-100目筛（优选过80目筛），得混合细粉；
（4）将步骤（2）所得石膏粉加入到上述混合细粉中，混匀，无菌封装，每袋7g，即得散剂。
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