CN104304426A - Method for uniformly drying agaricus bisporus slices through variable-frequency ultrasound-assisted impregnation pretreatment and vacuum microwaves - Google Patents

Method for uniformly drying agaricus bisporus slices through variable-frequency ultrasound-assisted impregnation pretreatment and vacuum microwaves Download PDF

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CN104304426A
CN104304426A CN201410545443.9A CN201410545443A CN104304426A CN 104304426 A CN104304426 A CN 104304426A CN 201410545443 A CN201410545443 A CN 201410545443A CN 104304426 A CN104304426 A CN 104304426A
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agaricus bisporus
white mushroom
drying
ultrasonic
vacuum
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CN104304426B (en
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江宁
李大婧
刘春泉
刘宗博
张钟元
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Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for uniformly drying agaricus bisporus slices through variable-frequency ultrasound-assisted impregnation pretreatment and vacuum microwaves, and belongs to the field of deep processing of agricultural products. The method comprises the following steps: cleaning agaricus bisporus and cutting into 5-8mm thick slices, protecting color by using a mixed solution of vitamin C, citric acid and calcium chloride, and carrying out variable-frequency staged ultrasound impregnation treatment on the color-protected agaricus bisporus slices: a first stage: putting the agaricus bisporus slices in clear water according to a ratio of agaricus bisporus slice to water of 1:5, and setting the water temperature to 45-50 DEG C, the ultrasonic frequency to 45KHz, the ultrasonic power to 120-150W, and the treatment time to 30-40min; a second stage: taking out the agaricus bisporus slices and putting into a mixed solution of 50-60% by mass fraction of sucrose and 5% by mass fraction of salt according to a ratio of agaricus bisporus slice to mixed solution of 1:10, and setting the water temperature to 35-40 DEG C, the ultrasonic frequency to 100KHz, the ultrasonic power to 210-240W and the treatment time to 40-50min; finally, carrying out vacuum microwave drying, and setting the microwave transmitting power to 15-20W/g, the degree of vacuum to 70-80kPa and the drying time to 15-25min. The agaricus bisporus slices subjected to variable-frequency ultrasound-assisted impregnation treatment has uniformly distributed dielectrics; when the vacuum microwave drying is carried out, a material is uniformly heated in a microwave field, and moisture is rapidly evaporated, so that the dried agaricus bisporus slice is uniformly distributed in color and luster, and is uniform in shape and better in rehydration.

Description

The method of the pretreatment of a kind of variable-frequency ultrasonic assistant soakage and the even dry White mushroom sheet of vacuum microwave combining
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for the pretreatment of a kind of variable-frequency ultrasonic assistant soakage and the even dry White mushroom sheet of vacuum microwave combining, belong to agricultural product intensive processing field.
Background technology
White mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is the edible mushroom that output is the highest, consumption figure is maximum in the world.China's White mushroom output and export volume all rank first in the world, and 2007 annual productions reach 2,440,000 t.White mushroom is nutritious, containing 6 seed amino acids that human body is necessary, also containing abundant Cobastab 1, Cobastab 2, nicotinic acid, nucleotides, nicotinic acid, ascorbic acid and vitamin D etc., the lentinan simultaneously contained by White mushroom and M-band also have certain active anticancer, can the generation of Tumor suppression.But due to moisture content high, White mushroom is as easy as rolling off a log to rot, and adopts drying processing, can extend its storage life, is convenient to storage and transport, significant to alleviation production and marketing contradiction.Its main drying methods is heated-air drying and freeze drying at present, but drying shrinkage and browning phenomenon easily appear in the dehydrated agaricus bisporus of heated-air drying processing, and rehydration is poor, and destroys the functional component in product.Freeze drying energy consumption is high, the production cycle is long, and product cost is higher, affects its market competitiveness.
Vacuum microwave drying is combined with vacuum technique by microwave, and the advantage of comprehensive microwave and vacuum, both reduced baking temperature, accelerated rate of drying again, also reduced the adverse effects such as oxidizing brown stain, has fast, low temperature, the feature such as efficient.As far back as the eighties in last century, the state such as the U.S., Canada just begins one's study fruits and vegetables vacuum microwave drying technology.The content of research mainly concentrates on fruits and vegetables vacuum microwave drier reason, heat and mass, dry dynamic model, energy consumption for drying, and the vacuum microwave drying technique of various dissimilar material (as pea, garlic slice, pineapple etc.).At present, existing scholar studies White mushroom vacuum microwave drying.As the research such as external Giri compares White mushroom vacuum microwave drying and heated-air drying kinetic model and product rehydration characteristics, and adopt Response Surface Method to be optimized vacuum microwave drying White mushroom technique, find that White mushroom vacuum microwave drying efficiency and product rehydration will be much better than heated-air drying.Domestic Li Bo waits investigation and comparison heated-air drying, vacuum drying, freeze drying and vacuum microwave drying 4 kinds of drying means processing dehydrated agaricus bisporus, find that vacuum microwave drying is in the index of quality such as the reconstitution rate of product, color and luster and Vc content, all obviously be better than heated-air drying and vacuum drying, close with lyophilisation product, and the vacuum microwave drying time will shorten much than freeze drying.Therefore, for White mushroom drying for, vacuum microwave drying is the very potential novel drying technology of one.
But recent domestic shows about vacuum microwave drying technical research, affect the heterogeneity that fruits and vegetables vacuum microwave drying technology industrialization application subject matter is microwave drying material.Present invention applicant research team, once a large amount of to White mushroom vacuum microwave drying technological experiments, same discovery uniform drying difference problem is very remarkable.At present, both at home and abroad about the research of two born of the same parents mushroom vacuum microwave drying, be only confined to drying property and process optimization category, research do not carried out to the homogeneity question of White mushroom vacuum microwave drying.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem
The object of this invention is to provide the method for the pretreatment of a kind of variable-frequency ultrasonic assistant soakage and the even dry White mushroom sheet of vacuum microwave combining.For the problem that there is lack of homogeneity in White mushroom vacuum microwave drying, set up a kind of Novel variable-frequency ultrasonic assistant impregnation process method, improve the dielectric property of White mushroom material, White mushroom sheet dielectric medium is evenly distributed, strengthen electrical conductivity and the dielectric loss factor ε of material simultaneously "; thus improve the microwave absorbability of material in White mushroom sheet vacuum microwave drying (MVD) process and absorb distribution consistency degree, and then produce the dehydrated agaricus bisporus flake products that color and luster is evenly distributed, profile is homogeneous.
Technical scheme
The method of a kind of variable-frequency ultrasonic assistant soakage provided by the present invention pretreatment and the even dry White mushroom sheet of vacuum microwave combining, comprises the following steps:
(1) color retention: select mushroom type complete, not damaged, the White mushroom without brown stain is raw material; By the White mushroom after cleaning, with microtome, mushroom sheet thickness is 5-8mm; White mushroom sheet is placed in colour protecting liquid, and colour protecting liquid is the mixed solution of w/v 0.2% vitamin C, 0.25% citric acid and 0.5% calcium chloride, protects look time 30min;
(2) first stage ultrasonic wave process: White mushroom sheet is placed in clear water, and material-water ratio is 1: 5, arranges water temperature 45-50 DEG C, ultrasonic frequency 45KHz, ultrasonic power are 120-150W, and the processing time is 30-40min;
(3) second stage ultrasonic wave process: White mushroom sheet is taken out, insert in the sucrose and salt mixed liquor that mass fraction is respectively 40-50% and 5%, material-water ratio 1: 10, solution temperature 35-40 DEG C is set, ultrasonic frequency 100KHz, ultrasonic power 210-240W, the processing time is 40-50min;
(4) vacuum microwave drying: arranging Microwave emission power is 15-20W/g, vacuum 70-80kPa, drying time 15-25min.
(5) pack: obtained dehydrated agaricus bisporus sheet nitrogen filling packing machine is carried out nitrogen-filled packaging.
Beneficial effect
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, by variable-frequency ultrasonic assistant soakage processing method of the present invention, effectively can improve the vacuum microwave drying uniformity of White mushroom material, be verified from following several respects:
1) uniformity of dehydrated agaricus bisporus sheet Temperature Distribution: the central point detecting dried White mushroom, intermediate layer and nearly surface temperature, the temperature difference of these three positions is no more than 0.5 DEG C, and the White mushroom of conventional impregnation process, the temperature difference of these three positions is then at 3-5 DEG C;
2) uniformity of dehydrated agaricus bisporus sheet aberration: by visual inspection dried dehydrated agaricus bisporus sheet color and luster, appearance, the uniform color of every sheet are consistent; By the mensuration of value of chromatism, the L value (brightness) of every sheet, a value (red degree), the difference between b value (yellow chromaticity) is all less than 1%;
3) uniformity of dehydrated agaricus bisporus sheet shrinkage factor: by the detection of contractibility, shrinkage factor between White mushroom sheet average individual after drying is basically identical, between difference within 0.8%, after also namely showing drying, the profile of product is uniform.
4) uniformity of dehydrated agaricus bisporus sheet moisture distribution: by the detection of moisture, moisture between White mushroom sheet average individual after drying is basically identical, between difference within 1.2%, after also namely showing drying, the moisture distribution of product is uniform.
Other index: a. shortens drying time: adopt variable-frequency ultrasonic assistant soakage method, same treating capacity, shortens drying time large between 15-20%; B. dehydrated agaricus bisporus sheet reconstitution rate index: by the detection of product reconstitution rate, through the White mushroom sheet reconstitution rate of variable-frequency ultrasonic assistant soakage process, improves 10-15% than the dehydrated agaricus bisporus product of conventional impregnation process.
Comprehensively opinion, the present invention utilizes variable-frequency ultrasonic assistant soakage method, improves the uniformity of White mushroom vacuum microwave drying, and drying time shortens, and product color is evenly distributed, and profile is homogeneous, and rehydration is better.
Accompanying drawing explanation
White mushroom eucaryotic cell structure tem observation figure under Fig. 1 different disposal
(the fresh sample of note: A-; B-variable-frequency ultrasonic impregnation process; The conventional impregnation process of C-)
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention may be better understood for the following examples, but do not limit the present invention in any way.
Embodiment
1. select to physically well develop, mechanical wound, be raw material without the White mushroom of brown stain, cut into slices by the semi-automatic slicer of SA-300D type (Guangzhou Min Hong Food Machinery Co., Ltd.) after cleaning, slice thickness is 5-8mm;
2. White mushroom sheet is placed in colour protecting liquid rapidly, colour protecting liquid is the mixed solution of w/v 0.2% vitamin C, 0.25% citric acid and 0.5% calcium chloride, protects look time 30min;
3. take out protecting the White mushroom sheet after look, insert KQ-300GVDV ultrasonic cleaner (Kunshan Ultrasonic Instruments Co., Ltd.) and carry out first stage ultrasonic wave process, maceration extract is clear water, material-water ratio is 1: 5, water temperature 45-50 DEG C is set, ultrasonic frequency 45KHz, ultrasonic power are 135W, and the processing time is 36min;
4. the White mushroom sheet through ultrasonic wave process is taken out, maceration extract is replaced as sucrose and the salt mixed liquor that mass fraction is respectively 45% and 5%, material-water ratio 1: 10, continue to adopt KQ-300GVDV ultrasonic cleaner to carry out the process of second stage ultrasonic wave, arrange ultrasonic frequency 100KHz, ultrasonic power is 225W, the processing time is 42min;
5. the White mushroom sheet through ultrasonic wave impregnation process is taken out, after draining surface moisture, insert XM6SZGW-2 type vacuum microwave drying device (Xiao Ma mechanical & electrical equipment factory, Nanjing): arranging Microwave emission power is 17.4W/g, vacuum 75kPa, drying time 19.5min;
6. the dehydrated agaricus bisporus sheet will obtained through vacuum microwave drying, adopts Pu to get over vacuum nitrogen filling packing machine (Shanghai Pu Yue package packing machine Co., Ltd) and carries out nitrogen-filled packaging.
7. index of correlation detects: the drying uniformity of dehydrated agaricus bisporus sheet sample moisture (MC), aberration (Δ E) and SR prepared by said method is respectively 1.3%, 7.4% and 8.6%, far below the MC of MVD sample under conventional impregnation process, the drying uniformity (8.3% of Δ E and SR, 14.6%, 16.7%); The reconstitution rate of dehydrated agaricus bisporus flake products is 2.25, for the dehydrated agaricus bisporus product than conventional impregnation process improves 12.5%.
These results show: the process of variable-frequency ultrasonic assistant soakage can improve the uniformity of White mushroom sheet vacuum microwave drying product significantly, improves reconstitution rate, concrete experimental design and index determining method as follows:
Experimental design:
In experimental study, the drying uniformity of dehydrated agaricus bisporus flake products is defined as relative standard deviation (RSD), i.e. the ratio of standard deviation (SD) and average measurement value.Comprise that temperature standard difference, standards of chromatic aberration are poor, shrinkage factor standard deviation and moisture standard deviation.In MVD process, the central temperature of position (center and edge) the on-line measurement White mushroom sheet using fibre optic temperature sensor different above sample disc in drying chamber.Adopt and measure for sample moisture, aberration and the shrinkage factor uniformity from often criticizing random choose 12 dehydrated agaricus bisporus pretreatment sample.First measure their weight, color and luster and volume before 12 dehydrated agaricus bisporus dryings, then fasten dehydrated agaricus bisporus sheet as distinguishing mark with the fine rule fine needle of different colours.When carrying out MVD, the dehydrated agaricus bisporus of 12 marks puts into dryness storehouse together with other sample of same batch, is arranged in sample disc according to the radial position of sample disc with other sample of same batch.The weight of sample adopts precision to be that the assay balance of 0.0001g weighs.All pendulous frequency are 3 times, and mean value is used for the analysis of experimental data.
Index determining method:
1. shrinkage factor (SR) measure: shrinkage factor be used for calculation sample before it is dried after Volume Changes, the shrinkage factor of dehydrated agaricus bisporus sheet represents with following formula, sample volume is measured and is adopted isostere area method, and choosing the bead that diameter is about 0.107-0.211mm is filled media.
SR = V d V 0
Wherein: V 0and V drepresent respectively dry before and White mushroom sheet sample volume after drying.
2. color and luster (Δ E) measures: the color and luster of White mushroom sheet sample surfaces adopts WSC-S color difference meter to measure, the change of sample color and luster in dry run is described with aberration (Δ E), value of chromatism adopts the color and luster value of fresh White mushroom as reference standard value, calculates according to following formula.
ΔE = ( L 0 * - L * ) 2 + ( a 0 * - a * ) 2 + ( b 0 * - b * ) 2
Wherein: L * 0, a * 0, b * 0refer to the color and luster reading of fresh White mushroom.
3. reconstitution rate (RR) measures: be immersed in the pure water of 20 DEG C by White mushroom sheet later for drying and carry out rehydration test, after the constant mass (about 12h) of rehydration White mushroom sheet, it pulled out from water and removes its surface moisture with filter paper, weighing now White mushroom tablet quality W r, and with rehydration before weight W dcompare, calculate the reconstitution rate of drying sample.
4. moisture (MC) calculates: calculate not White mushroom moisture content in the same time according to the following formula:
W T = ( G T - G g ) / G T = [ G T - G 0 ( 1 - W 0 ) ] G T × 100 %
In formula: G t---T moment White mushroom sheet weight, g; G g---White mushroom sheet dry weight, g; G 0---White mushroom sheet initial weight,
G; W 0---White mushroom sheet initial aqueous rate, %; W t---White mushroom sheet T moment moisture content.

Claims (2)

1. a method for the pretreatment of variable-frequency ultrasonic assistant soakage and the even dry White mushroom sheet of vacuum microwave combining, is characterized in that first selecting White mushroom, cleans, cuts into slices and protect the pre-treatments such as look; Then first stage ultrasonic wave impregnation process is carried out to White mushroom, adjust corresponding ultrasonic frequency, power and time parameter; Again second stage ultrasonic wave impregnation process is carried out to White mushroom, the relevant parameter of adjustment maceration extract and ultrasonic wave process further; Finally carry out vacuum microwave drying and packaging process:
(1) color retention: select mushroom type complete, not damaged, the White mushroom without brown stain is raw material; By the White mushroom after cleaning, with microtome, mushroom sheet thickness is 5-8mm; White mushroom sheet is placed in colour protecting liquid, and colour protecting liquid is the mixed solution of w/v 0.2% vitamin C, 0.25% citric acid and 0.5% calcium chloride, protects look time 30min;
(2) first stage ultrasonic wave process: White mushroom sheet is placed in clear water, and material-water ratio is 1: 5, arranges water temperature 45-50 DEG C, ultrasonic frequency 45KHz, ultrasonic power are 120-150W, and the processing time is 30-40min;
(3) second stage ultrasonic wave process: White mushroom sheet is taken out, insert in the sucrose and salt mixed liquor that mass fraction is respectively 40-50% and 5%, material-water ratio 1: 10, arranging solution temperature is 35-40 DEG C, ultrasonic frequency 100KHz, ultrasonic power 210-240W, the processing time is 40-50min;
(4) vacuum microwave drying: arranging Microwave emission power is 15-20W/g, vacuum 70-80kPa, drying time 15-25min;
(5) pack: obtained dehydrated agaricus bisporus sheet nitrogen filling packing machine is carried out nitrogen-filled packaging.
2. the dehydrated agaricus bisporus flake products of technique acquisition described in claim 1.
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CN105962180A (en) * 2016-04-27 2016-09-28 江苏省农业科学院 Method for increasing preservation rate of oxidation resistance ingredients in okra microwave vacuum-dried products by low-frequency ultrasonic wave hot scalding
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CN111657487A (en) * 2020-06-01 2020-09-15 南京农业大学 Pretreatment method for relieving browning and texture collapse of agaricus bisporus and prepared dish

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CN105962180A (en) * 2016-04-27 2016-09-28 江苏省农业科学院 Method for increasing preservation rate of oxidation resistance ingredients in okra microwave vacuum-dried products by low-frequency ultrasonic wave hot scalding
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CN110959669A (en) * 2019-12-09 2020-04-07 南京林业大学 Method for improving color change of dried medlar
CN111657487A (en) * 2020-06-01 2020-09-15 南京农业大学 Pretreatment method for relieving browning and texture collapse of agaricus bisporus and prepared dish
CN111657487B (en) * 2020-06-01 2023-01-24 南京农业大学 Pretreatment method for relieving browning and texture collapse of agaricus bisporus and prepared dish

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