CN104303447A - Methods and apparatus for error rate estimation - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/85—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression
- H04N19/89—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression involving methods or arrangements for detection of transmission errors at the decoder
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/20—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received using signal quality detector
- H04L1/203—Details of error rate determination, e.g. BER, FER or WER
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/20—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received using signal quality detector
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
- G09G5/003—Details of a display terminal, the details relating to the control arrangement of the display terminal and to the interfaces thereto
- G09G5/006—Details of the interface to the display terminal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0006—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission format
- H04L1/0007—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission format by modifying the frame length
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Abstract
Methods and apparatus for estimating received error rates are disclosed. In one embodiment, the estimation of received error rates is conducted in relation to a bus interface such as a high-speed High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) interface, and the method utilizes corrupted symbols that violate TMDS symbol rules, the corrupted symbols being easily detected and counted. In one exemplary implementation, a symbol error rate (SER) can be estimated from the number of detected invalid symbols. The SER can be used to diagnose the performance of the HDMI interface, and optionally as a basis for selecting or implementing corrective action(s).
Description
Priority
This application claims the name submitted on January 22nd, 2013 be called " METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR ERROR RATE ESTIMATION " own together, the U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 13/747 of CO-PENDING, the priority of 383, the U.S. Provisional Patent Application sequence number 61/591 that its name requiring on January 27th, 2012 to submit to is called " METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR ERROR RATE ESTIMATION ", the priority of 735, each in above-mentioned is incorporated herein by reference all in full.
Related application
Name that the application relates on January 22nd, 2013 and submits to is called that the name submitted in " METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR THE INTELLIGENT SCRAMBLING OF CONTROL SYMBOLS " and on December 22nd, 2010 is called owning together of " METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR THE INTELLIGENT ASSOCIATION OF CONTROL SYMBOLS ", the U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 13/747 of CO-PENDING, 264 and 12/976, the name submitted on October 9th, 274 and 2012 is called the U.S. Provisional Patent Application sequence number 61/711 of " METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR THE INTELLIGENT SCRAMBLING OF CONTROL SYMBOLS ", 656, each in above-mentioned is incorporated herein by reference all in full.
Technical field
The disclosure relates generally to data network and field of telecommunications.More specifically, an illustrative aspects, the disclosure relates to the error rate received by a such as bus interface estimation.
Background technology
HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) (HDMI) is the exemplary digital display interface standard for multi-medium data source being connected to multi-media display device.Existing HDMI equipment supports video data, voice data, control data usually, and optionally network connects.Say from historical point view, HDMI is developed to improve audio frequency and video (A/V) interface capability, still supports legacy interface (such as, digital visual interface (DVI)) simultaneously.But traditional signaling message standard is around supposing no longer accurately to design for many consumption electronic products.Particularly, active devices form factor (such as spatially closely comprise metal shell or other assemblies those etc.) link reliability problems still unknown up to now may be experienced.
Such as, HDMI uses transition minimized differential signaling (TMDS) to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI), and assists to carry out clock recovery accurately.Eight (8) bit data are mapped to ten (10) bit signs by TMDS.This mapping reduces and may cause the signaling transition overshoot of bit-errors or the possibility of undershoot.In addition, TMDS guarantees that these data have regular transition, and this is that clock and data recovery is necessary.The mapping scheme of TMDS simply to being enough to process in link layer hardware completely, that is, does not need the assistance of more high layer software.
Regrettably, the existing entity of HDMI does not have during operation for diagnosing the suitable mechanism of link-quality.Owing to hereinafter discussing in more detail, use conventional error detection techniques the HDMI data damaged cannot be separated with normal HDMI data field.Such as, determine that the solution of the error rate (BER) is based in transmitting procedure to calculate the quantity of error bit.Because HDMI receiver cannot detecting position mistake, therefore this receiver can not be implemented traditional BER and measures.
Therefore, HDMI equipment (having the non-HDMI technology of similar shortcoming with other) needs for detecting and/or characterize improving one's methods and device of quality of connection.
Summary of the invention
The disclosure meets the demand by providing modifying device and method especially for being estimated the error rate received by such as bus interface.
Disclose a kind of method for estimating the error rate received.In one embodiment, the method comprises: identify one group of unblind based on one or more operator schemes; Determine possibility unblind being detected; Detect in the multiple unblinds received; And the quantity of estimate symbol mistake is carried out at least in part based on the unblind of detected one or more receptions and determined possibility.
In a variant, detect received unblind based on the significant character list corresponding with predetermined protocol format at least in part.
In other variants, the contrast at least in part based on one or more lists of received symbol and significant character detects received unblind.In this type of example, often kind of operator scheme in one or more operator schemes is all associated with the respective list of significant character.
In a variant, the method also comprises: count the quantity of the unblind of detected one or more receptions, and wherein the estimate amount of symbol error is also at least in part based on the counting of the unblind of detected one or more receptions.
In other variants, the method comprises and counting the quantity of received significant character, and wherein the estimate amount of symbol error is also at least in part based on the counting of the significant character received.
In another variant, relative to high speed bus interface, the error rate received is estimated.
Also disclose a kind of device for estimate symbol error rate.In one embodiment, this device comprises: one or more interface, and this one or more interface is configured to receive data communication from upstream equipment; And at least one controller to be communicated with this one or more interface operation, this at least one controller is configured to: detect the one or more unblinds by this one or more interface; Determine the probability of occurrence of one or more unblind that cannot detect; And the quantity of estimate symbol mistake is at least carried out based on detected one or more unblind and the probability determined.
In a variant, this at least one controller is further configured to follows the tracks of this estimate amount.In an exemplary concrete enforcement, this at least one controller is further configured to: detect when there is the change of mode of operation from the upstream equipment of one or more orifice; And after sensing, this tracking quantity is reset to initial counter value.In some cases, the change of detected mode of operation comprises upstream equipment and this one or more interface disconnects.Alternatively, the change of detected mode of operation comprises this upstream equipment and enters low-power mode.
In the second variant, this at least one controller is further configured to the quantity of the significant character being tracked through this one or more interface.
In the 3rd variant, detect unblind based on not meeting data format at least in part.
Various concrete enforcement can comprise at least one in the one or more interfaces deferring to HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) (HDMI) standard.
The invention also discloses the method that graunch is described by data-interface.In one embodiment, the method comprises: during a kind of operator scheme selected from multiple modes of operation, receive one or more symbol; The rule be associated with selected operator scheme based on one group at least in part determines the ineffectivity of received one or more symbols; Determine possibility unblind being detected; And at least in part based on determining that invalid one or more symbol and determined possibility follow the tracks of the estimate amount of the void in whole symbol in this one or more symbol.
In a variant, that carries out when received one or more symbols are invalid describedly determines also at least in part based on verifying the one or more symbols corresponding with current operation difference that receive.In some cases, when the difference of the symbol of in one or more symbol is not mated with current operation difference, determine that this received symbol is invalid.In other cases, when determining that the difference of a symbol in this one or more symbol is not mated with current operation difference, described method comprises: all differences checking symbol for all significant character ponds; And when this symbol fails to mate with any significant character, determine that this symbol is invalid.
In another variant, the method comprises carries out a corrective action when the estimate amount of unblind exceedes error thresholds.In some variants, the source device that this corrective action at least comprises to the one or more symbol of transmission points out transmission problem.
According to the detailed description of the following accompanying drawing that provides and exemplary embodiment, other feature and advantage of the present disclosure will immediately recognize by those skilled in the art.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 be in conjunction with the disclosure can the diagrammatic representation of an exemplary multimedia system.
Fig. 2 be in conjunction with the disclosure can the diagrammatic representation of data traffic of video data of formation one frame 720 × 480 pixel.
Fig. 3 is according to this disclosure shows by the logical flow chart of high speed bus interface to the generalized method that received error rate is estimated embodiment.
Fig. 4 is the logical flow chart according to this disclosure shows the exemplary embodiment implementing the logic state figure that symbol error is estimated.
Fig. 5 is the logic diagram representing the illustrative user device being configured to estimate symbol error rate.
All
all rights reserved 2012-2013 Apple Inc. all rights reserved.
Embodiment
Referring now to accompanying drawing, wherein from start to finish, like numerals will represents like.
summary
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the overall performance be associated with data link or interface is confirmed as estimate amount or the symbol error rate (SER) of symbol error.Particularly, when having identified whether any position hardly and be damaged in the data link or interface (such as meeting those links or the interface of above-mentioned HDMI standard) of some type, the bit loss of some type is bad will produce the unblind not following one or more protocol rule.Even if when the bad the unknown of bit loss, these unblinds also can be detected.
In addition, in another embodiment of the present disclosure, produce significant character because some bit loss is bad, thus disclose a kind of scheme, to carry out the sum of estimate symbol mistake according to detected unblind and detection possibility (such as probability).
When the estimate amount of the symbol error produced under above-mentioned technology is measured different from the conventional error rate (BER), the quantity of symbol error is especially for diagnosis performance problem or useful.
the embodiment of exemplary embodiment
Present detailed description exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.When discussing these embodiments in the situation mainly at HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) (HDMI) link or interface operation, consider the disclosure, those of ordinary skill will be appreciated that embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto.In fact, as described herein, for any data bus interface of being benefited from error rate estimation, various principle described herein is all useful and is easily be suitable for.
With reference now to Fig. 1, show an exemplary multimedia system.As shown in the figure, this system 100 comprises one or more multimedia sources 102 and one or more multimedia stay of two nights 104.The Common examples of multimedia sources includes but not limited to media player (such as digital video disk (DVD) player, Blu-ray player etc.), content distributing network, audio/video (A/V) equipment (such as field camera etc.), personal computer (PC) etc.The Common examples of the multimedia stay of two nights includes but not limited to multi-media display, television set, monitor etc.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, this multimedia system comprises the compatible source of HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) (HDMI) and the stay of two nights.This exemplary HDMI comprises four (4) individual Difference signal pairs, and described signal is formed by three (3) individual data channels (data channel 0, data channel 1, data channel 2) and a clock (being characterized by 1/10 bit rate frequency).In other configurations (future of such as HDMI realizes), clock differential pair can replace with another data channel.According to the transition minimized differential signaling described above (TMDS) and as is known HDMI standard configures Difference signal pair further to operate.
Fig. 2 is the diagrammatic representation of the example data flow of the video data representing frame 720 × 480 pixel.It should be pointed out that above-mentioned resolution merely illustrates common video frame size, those skilled in the art will know that other frame of video sizes can be replaced.In brief; the current entity of HDMI defines five (5) and plants dissimilar information: (i) control information, (ii) introduction, (iii) boundary belt; (iv) data islands data, and (v) video data.As shown in Figure 2, front 45 scan lines constitute this vertical banking interval.After this, front 138 pixels of each scan line are horizontal blanking gap, and remaining 720 pixels are video data.During horizontal blanking gap and vertical banking interval, these data channels can transmitting control data or data islands.Introduction and boundary belt information are provided to be convenient to identification data island and/or video data.Before introduction is close to data islands cycle and video data cycle.Video data cycle and data islands cycle all start with boundary belt.The data islands cycle also can terminate with boundary belt.
HDMI TMDS follows the unalterable rules group that a group is only enabled the subset of possibility symbol based on data type.In addition, in order to for simplicity, 10 bit patterns are only used to represent the information (that is, the length of symbol does not change) that will transmit.Particularly, the general symbol(s) of 10 codings for controlling to transmit with introduction shared be separated with 10 bit signs for other types data (boundary belt, data islands and video data) (namely not overlapping).Similarly, the 10 bit sign codings (also referred to as TERC4 (TMDS mistake reduces coding 4) coding) for data islands transmission are different.10 bit signs for the protection of band are the character-coded subsets for video data.
Regrettably, because 10 codings do not provide redundant information (different from forward error correction (FEC) code such as Hamming code, parity code, Viterbi decoding, turbine code etc.), it is impossible for therefore will detecting each single bit error that may occur in TMDS 10 bit sign.Equally, many All other routes codes (such as IBM 8B/10B) are by checking that running difference determines bit-errors.Running difference is the numerical value counted based on the operation of 1 (voltage is high) and 0 (voltage is low).Such as, 8B/10B guarantee transmitted 1 quantity and transmit 0 quantity between difference necessarily can not more than 1 ((+1 or-1) at the end of each symbol.By keeping running the strict control of difference, 8B/10B can discrimination bit mistake (if it is different for running difference between transmitter and reflector, then bit-errors occurring) immediately.Regrettably, utilize TMDS to encode, run difference and can reach difference ten (10); Therefore, when not detecting in TMDS, multiple single bit error can be there is.
In addition, if 10 bit signs have single damage position, 8 bit data of demapping can have the damage of different brackets (single bit error such as, in symbol may be mapped to the multi-bit error in data).Because 10 bit signs are transparent to the demapping of 8 bit data concerning more high layer software, therefore more high-rise error correction scheme can not solve this shortcoming.For these reasons, the conventional error rate (BER) that TMDS receiver carries out is analyzed for overall link performance being a kind of inaccurately to measure.
Therefore, in an exemplary concrete enforcement, measure overall link performance as the quantity of symbol error or symbol error rate (SER), instead of the error rate (BER).Particularly, when the BER of routine is a kind of useful software metric, BER may solve potential physical link problem for the receiver based on TMDS.More generally, for the system the enterprising line number word processing (such as demapping) of the symbol do not corrected, SER is the useful prediction index of of link performance.
As previously mentioned, it is impossible for detecting each single bit error that may occur in TMDS 10 bit sign, but can detect the damage symbol violating TMDS symbolic rule and count easily.Therefore, can according to the quantity of detected unblind and under normal operation for genuine one group of hypothesis carrys out quantity or the symbol error rate (SER) of estimate symbol mistake.Particularly, in normal running, due to intersymbol interference (ISI) (running length based on above) and the randomized jitter of accumulation, there is single bit error when place value is changed.Therefore, bit-errors is assumed that equally distributed (each position namely in 10 bit signs has equal probability of damage) and be very rare at random.
Based on previously described hypothesis, the numerical analysis of disclosure assignee shows, in the video data cycle, the single bit error of about 76% converts invalid 10 bit signs (may be detected) to by making effective TMDS 10 bit sign.When residue 24%, single bit error converts different but still effective TMDS 10 bit sign (that is, cannot detect) to by making effective TMDS 10 bit sign.
Therefore, in an exemplary concrete enforcement, the amount detection of unblind mistake is used for the sum of estimate symbol mistake; Particularly, can count the quantity of received unblind, and be multiplied by by the determined ratio of quantity of effectively-effectively damage and effectively-invalid damage.More generally, the detection probability based on the quantity of received unblind and symbol error can the sum of estimate symbol mistake.
These schemes for estimate symbol mistake can be used for the many aspects particularly greatly improving receiver operation.Such as, the symbol error rate (SER) of HDMI transceiver may be used for by using the signal of pressurization on the receiver and measuring SER and carry out jitter toleration test on the receiver.The interoperability issue that SER information identifiable design was lost efficacy (causing high SER) by signal integrity or higher level protocol lost efficacy (lower by checking SER) causes, or even take other correction/remedial measures (comprise the input of serving as higher level logical process or algorithm and carry out automatic diagnosis/correction problem).
In addition, by providing the accurate expression of link-quality, source device can adjust the monitor resolution (or other data payload) for link capability (such as reducing payload size when high SER) intelligently, or the problem (such as cable performance is poor) that channel is relevant is informed to user.SER also can be used for calibrating receiver assembly, such as inner adaptive equalizer (equalizer can determine suitable equilibrium value when not existing deficient equilibrium with excessively balanced).Other purposes of SER include but not limited to statistic property, modeling and design of feedback and manufacturing test.
method-
Fig. 3 shows an embodiment for the generalized method 300 estimated by the error rate of high speed bus interface to reception.
In the step 302 of method 302, identify one group of invalid (or effective) symbol.As used herein, term engineering noise and " ineffectivity " refer to the data structure not meeting predetermined form.On the contrary, as used herein, term " effectively " and " validity " refer to the data structure meeting predetermined form.Finally, as used herein, term " undetermined " refers to the data structure also do not assessed it and whether meet predetermined form, or does not have the data structure of predetermined form.Such as, in one exemplary embodiment, for often kind of receiver operator scheme (or situation) safeguards the list of significant character.If the symbol received in the list, then this symbol is effective.If in lists, then it is not invalid.When this programme presents " active set " and " invalid collection ", be to be understood that the collection (that is, not being regarded as effective or invalid symbol) that other schemes can comprise " determination ".
In an exemplary embodiment of the method, identify one group of unblind (or significant character) based on data format.Such as, in specifically implementing at one, HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) (HDMI) transmission was made up of several known cycle, i.e. vertical blanking period, horizontal blanking period and the video data cycle.In each in these cycles, only have the data that can be transmitted of several types, these data comprise: (i) control information; (ii) introduction; (iii) boundary belt, (iv) data islands data, and (v) video data.
In this case, the data of every type can realize some rule further.The Common examples of rule includes but not limited to: the finite subset of (i) data pattern (only have 256 patterns to be effective in such as 1024 possible patterns, etc.); (ii) repeatedly data transaction (such as, fixed qty conversion, run difference etc.); (iii) conversion (such as, maximum running length etc.) of minimum or maximum quantity; (iv) existence and disappearance (such as lacking the boundary symbol etc. of boundary symbol or double counting) etc. of symbol.
The Common examples of the data format be associated with multimedia application includes but not limited to the text data, flow data form, compressed format etc. of audio coding decoding data, video codec data, format.Other data formats more often used in the related comprise: packing data, frame data, segment data, data block etc.
In another embodiment, one group of unblind (or significant character) is identified based on receiver operator scheme.Such as, some line code is by means of only maximum " running length " that use the subset of enabled mode to come in restricting data.This type of example is the transition minimized differential signaling (TMDS) (namely 28 bit data being mapped to 10 bit signs
8(256) individual possible data pattern is mapped to and has 2
10(1024) individual may pattern symbol in; Only have 1/4th (256/1024) of whole group of 10 bit signs can use at any time).Other examples of line code comprise such as 4B3T, 8 turn of 14 coding (EFM), 4B/5B, 6B/8B, 8B/10B, 64B/66B, 128B/130B etc.
With the disclosure in conjunction with time can other examples of receiver operator scheme include but not limited to: power mode, velocity mode, master/slave pattern etc.Such as, some transceiver can support low-power/sleep pattern in various degree, and these patterns only allow the transfer of data of the data of some (data rate such as reduced) or a certain type (such as waking signaling, so-called " heartbeat " signaling etc. up).In another example, support that the transceiver of fast mode and low-speed mode can according to the dissimilar data encoding (such as line coding etc.) of velocity interpolation or agreement (such as arbitration, the letter of commitment etc.).Other transceivers can based on the holotype of transceiver, from the different agreement of the supports such as pattern, ad-hoc mode, network schemer.
Consider the disclosure, those skilled in the art will recognize easily, and multiple different scheme can be used in transceiver art to come according to one or more protocol rule identifications one group invalid (or effective) symbol.
In the step 304 of method 300, determine to detect that the possibility of invalid (or effective) symbol is measured (such as probability).In one exemplary embodiment, possibility is measured is based on the invalid detection probability with the numerical analysis of active set.Such as, in an example T MDS embodiment, the single bit error of about 76% converts 10 invalid bit signs to by making effective TMDS 10 bit sign; Or a single bit error converts different but still effective TMDS 10 bit sign to by making effective TMDS 10 bit sign.In this example, effectively-effective ratio damaged between (wherein symbol error not detected) and effectively-invalid damage (wherein may symbol error be detected) can be used for estimating whole symbol errors.In four (4) individual symbols, nearly three (3) are individually invalid and can be detected, therefore can to detected unblind bug patch 133%, to generate the estimated value of the actual quantity of symbol error.
In other embodiments, detection probability can consider other factors, such as sample size is (if sample size is less, error rate may be the actual performance distorted), more or less can each position vitiable (summation of weighted bits is damaged can be made effectively-effectively damage and the probability generation deviation of effectively-invalid damage), etc.
In the step 306 of method 300, receiver detects one in multiple invalid (or effective) symbol received.In one exemplary embodiment, in the normal operation period, receiver performs incremental count to received invalid symbol quantity.Or receiver may count significant character; Such as, infrequently sending in the embodiment of symbol, the counting of significant character may have larger amount of information than the counting of unblind.
In a variant, count in Fixed Time Interval.Standardization is contrasted to the determination of (such as historical analysis etc.) and symbol error rate (SER), Fixed Time Interval may be useful.
In another variant, counting continues until and resets; For diagnosis (such as, the test particularly by for a long time) on a large scale, so-called " RUN " counting is useful.
In another variant, enable or disable this counting according to trigger event; Trigger event is understood well in diagnostic field, and is generally used for being focused on by diagnostic work in specific interested event.Common trigger event such as comprises: software execution, particular transaction, the enabling and forbid of hardware, specific data pattern etc.
In step 308, receiver determines the estimate amount of symbol error.In one exemplary embodiment, the estimate amount of symbol error is based on detected symbol error and determined detection probability.In addition, various embodiment can enable multiple report mechanism in addition, such as inquiry, poll, triggered report etc.
exemplary operation-
As previously mentioned, HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) (HDMI) transition minimized differential signaling (TMDS) can not determine the error rate (BER) exactly.But in the situation of HDMI TMDS, this agreement have followed one group of rule, this group rule restriction can be used for the sign pattern of some receiver operation.In one exemplary embodiment, the rule for HDMI TMDS comprises:
I (), in control cycle, only significant character is control character and introduction symbol;
(ii) in introduction receiving course, only significant character is introduction symbol and boundary belt symbol;
(iii) in boundary belt receiving course, only significant character is boundary belt symbol and video data and data islands data;
(iv) in data islands DRP data reception process, only significant character is data islands data, boundary belt symbol and control character; And
V (), in video data receiving course, only significant character is video data and control character.
Even if the definite character damaged is also unknown, the received symbol not following above-mentioned rule also can be detected.
Therefore, in one exemplary embodiment, HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) (HDMI) TDMS receiver counted the quantity of received unblind in one or more operator schemes (such as vertical blanking period, horizontal blanking period and video data cycle) period.Fig. 4 shows the expression simplifying logic state figure, and this state diagram carries out the estimation of exemplary symbols mistake in two (2) kinds principal states " control cycle " 402 and " data cycle " 404 and a kind of optional status " tolerance checks " 406.
Should be appreciated that if needs, those the more complicated schemes can implementing than afore mentioned rules according to the disclosure; But inventor of the present disclosure has been found that the raising of accuracy significantly reduces.Such as, for the coding of control character and introduction from the common symbol of a small group; Therefore, can control character and introduction be divided into groups and can not be made a significant impact.Equally, boundary belt is only transmitted very short a period of time (two symbols), therefore protects signed explicit inspection unlikely to make a significant impact symbol error counting.Equally, data islands data occur relatively less.In addition, the differentiation between data islands data and video data needs to stride across this three-lines all and detects (only on a circuit, video data provides data islands data on this three-lines all) introduction.Therefore, in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, data islands data are regarded as video data.But, in other embodiments that data islands is regarded as independent of video data, then can use thinner granularity.Data islands boundary belt symbol and data islands data symbol be not in the same subset of video data symbol; Therefore, receiver can check data islands boundary belt symbol and TERC4 (TMDS mistake reduces coding 4) sign check.
Again with reference to Fig. 4, in control cycle 402, whenever receiving symbol, symbol error is counted increase by (1) by state machine, and described symbol is not introduction symbol, boundary belt symbol or control character.As the response to detection boundary belt, state machine transitions is data periodic state 404.
In data periodic state 404, state machine verifies that the symbol received is corresponding with current operation difference.The video data symbol symbol of data islands data (but not for) has the zero-sum non-zero variance symbol quantity of 0 and 1 (difference).In order to ensure run difference after a period of time has passed (in a series of symbol 1 surplus more than 0 or vice versa) remain bounded, exemplary video data use the different coding for same value.
Particularly, the scope of the current difference value (being called Cnt ()) after any symbol transmission is from-10 to+10 (Cnt () normally even numbers).Have three groups of 256 10 bit signs with negative run difference, zero run difference and just running difference corresponding.Therefore, any 8 place values are all mapped to 10 bit signs corresponding with current operation difference (negative, zero, just).
Therefore, for current operation difference, 10 received bit signs are verified.Particularly, what receive is assumed that expression bit-errors with unmatched 10 bit signs of current operation difference.As previously mentioned, numerical analysis represents, that can only intercept and capture in four (4) individual symbol errors in this way is three (3) individual.Therefore, the overall symbol error estimated is counted as 133% of calculated value.
Finally, if control character detected, then state machine transitions is control cycle state 402.
In a useful variant, state machine 400 also comprises " tolerance checks " state 406 entered when unblind being detected.During the tolerance checks operation, check all differences of institute's receiving symbol for all significant character ponds.Tolerance checks that the difference guaranteeing between reflector and receiver is not mated and do not had triggered many error counts.Particularly, the tolerance checks to identify and improves accuracy by compensating effectively-effective mistake (effectively-effective mistake does not generate unblind).Effectively-effective mistake cannot be detected, but they result in the difference value of mistake.When Cnt () is transformed into error tape (such as from bearing zero, etc.), for wrong form, correct symbol will be verified, thus the error detection led to errors.The error detection of mistake represents the symbol of actual disappearance for the first time; But error detection afterwards unnecessarily can increase error count.Tolerance checks that mark ensure that to only have incidence first can count in symbol error counting.
During the tolerance checks operation, detect that the possibility of unblind mistake is very little.Therefore, tolerance inspection mark is reset at each scan line place.Because symbol error is relatively less, therefore negligible on the impact of technology accuracy.
device-
Referring now to Fig. 5, show the exemplary means 500 being configured to estimate symbol error rate (SER).In one embodiment, this device comprises subscriber equipment (such as, personal computer (PC), such as iMac
tM, Mac Pro
tM, Mac Mini
tM, MacBook
tM, MacBook Pro
tM, MacBook Air
tMor microcomputer, no matter be desktop computer, laptop computer or mobile device, such as handheld computer, PDA, video camera, Set Top Box, personal media device (PMD), display device are (such as, meet those equipment of above-mentioned HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) (HDMI) standard), or any combination of the said equipment).Although show and discuss concrete Equipments Setting and layout, should be appreciated that and consider the disclosure, those of ordinary skill easily can realize other configurations many, and the device 500 of Fig. 5 only illustrates the principle in more wide region of the present disclosure.
Device 500 shown in Fig. 5 comprises multiple port of upstream and corresponding receiving element (such as, receiver or transceiver network interface) 502.As used herein, term " network interface " or " interface " are often referred to any signal, data or assembly, the software interface of network or flow process, include but not limited to HDMI, digital visual interface (DVI), mobile high definition link (MHL), fire-wire interfaces (such as FW400, FW800 etc.), USB (such as, USB2, USB 2.0, USB 3.0, Wireless USB), display port, Ethernet (such as 10/100, 10/100/1000 (gigabit Ethernet), 10-Gig-E etc.), MoCA, serial ATA (such as, SATA, e-SATA, SATAII), super ATA/DMA, Coaxsys (such as TVnet
tM), radio-frequency tuner (such as, band in or OOB, cable modem etc.), Wi-Fi
tM(such as 802.11a, b, g, n or any draft standard related to herein), WiMAX (802.16), PAN (802.15), IrDA or other wireless series, comprise bluetooth.
Multiple port of upstream can comprise one or more upstream channel and acceptor device (such as, multiplex switch, receive logic, clock recovery circuitry system etc.) with the receiving element 502 be associated.The monitoring of this acceptor device is also optionally enabled and forbids this one or more upstream channel.In certain embodiments, this acceptor device can be suitable for using transition minimized differential signaling (TMDS) agreement, the agreement be such as associated with previously described exemplary HDMI agreement.
Processing subsystem 506 can comprise one or more central processing unit (CPU) or digital processing unit, such as microprocessor, digital signal processor, field programmable gate array, RISC kernel or the multiple processing components be arranged on one or more substrate.Processing subsystem is coupled to exercisable memory 504, and this memory can comprise such as SRAM, FLASH and SDRAM assembly.As used herein, term " memory " comprises the integrated circuit of any type or other are suitable for storing the memory device of numerical data, includes but not limited to ROM, PROM, EEPROM, DRAM, SDRAM, DDR/2 SDRAM, EDO/FPMS, RLDRAM, SRAM, flash memory (such as NAND/NOR) and PSRAM.Processing subsystem also can comprise extra coprocessor, such as special graphics accelerator, network processing unit (NP) or audio/video processor.As shown in the figure, processing subsystem 506 comprises discrete component, but should be appreciated that in certain embodiments, and these elements can merged or shaping in SoC (SOC (system on a chip)) configuration.
This processing subsystem 506 is suitable for receiving one or more Media Stream from a upstream device 502, for the process of mediavisualizer, as video display 508 or audio tweeter 510.Processing subsystem 506 can preferably include graphic process unit, application processor and/or audio process.In " thin client ", processing subsystem 506 may significantly reduce in complexity, and is limited to simple logic, or does not exist in extreme circumstances.
In operation, the one or more unblind of processing subsystem identification (or significant character).In one exemplary embodiment, " searching " table with symbol validity safeguarded by this processor.For 10 bit signs, this array forms 1024 element arrays, and each element represents effective model or invalid mode (such as 1 represents effectively, and 0 represents invalid); 10 bit signs of each reception and the array of values at manipulative indexing place are compared and defines validity.In HDMI situation, this type of array can be used for checking the significant character received in control cycle, and three these type of arrays can represent video data difference operation (such as, just, zero-sum is born).In certain embodiments, effective or unblind can as the explicit inspection of one; Such as, boundary belt and introduction symbol can by explicitly inspection (only having 10 place values that two possible).
As shown in the figure, this device also comprises error count memory component 512.In a variant, for each channel maintenance error counter separately in one or more upstream channel.During operation, whenever mistake being detected, this error counter just increases progressively; Physical constraint can limit the maximum quantity of the mistake that can be counted, and such as 15 digit counters may can only store maximum 32,767 mistakes.In this type of concrete enforcement, this error counter be 15 long, and the I2C being mapped as two bytes may have access to data, location byte packet is containing 8 least significant bits of this error counter lower, and this higher address byte packet is containing 7 highest significant positions of this error counter.The 16th of this error checking counter can be used for indicating this counter to be effective (such as " effectively " mark).
Once receiver utilizes the input traffic on suitable circuit to achieve symbol lock, just start to carry out error checking.Once error checking starts, be just provided with criterion and know, effectively identify until this receiver disconnects from this display source or could remove this when being placed in low-power mode.Particularly, if to lose with input signal synchronous for receiver, so this significance bit keeps settings and this error counter is not cleared.
People will recognize, when describing some aspect of the present disclosure according to the particular order of steps of a method, these descriptions merely illustrate method widely of the present disclosure and can modify according to needed for application-specific.In some cases, some step can become unnecessary or optional.In addition, by some step or functionally can be added into described disclosed embodiment, or the order of the performance of two or more step can be arranged.This type of amendments all are all regarded as being comprised in disclosed herein and claimed principle.
Although detailed description above shows, describe and point out to be applied to the new feature of the present disclosure of various embodiment, but be to be understood that, when not deviating from principle described herein, those skilled in the art can carry out various omission, replacement and change to the form of illustrated equipment or flow process and details.Foregoing description is the optimal mode for implementing described principle be susceptible at present.This description is never to limit, and should be considered to be the illustration to rule described herein.The scope of the present disclosure should be determined in conjunction with claim.
Claims (29)
1., for estimating a method for the error rate received, comprising:
Based on one or more operator scheme identifications one group of unblind;
Determine possibility unblind being detected;
Detect in the unblind of multiple reception; And
The quantity of estimate symbol mistake is carried out at least in part based on the unblind of detected one or more receptions and determined possibility.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein detects the unblind of described one or more reception at least in part based on the list of the significant character corresponding with predetermined protocol format.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein at least in part based on received symbol and unblind one or more lists compare the unblind detecting described one or more reception.
4. method according to claim 3, often kind of operator scheme in one or more operator schemes wherein said is all associated with the respective list of significant character.
5. method according to claim 1, also comprises and counting the quantity of the unblind of detected one or more receptions;
Wherein the described estimate amount of symbol error is also at least in part based on the described counting of the unblind of detected one or more receptions.
6. method according to claim 1, also comprises and counting the quantity of the significant character received;
Wherein the described estimate amount of symbol error is also at least in part based on the described counting of the significant character received.
7. method according to claim 1, wherein estimates to carry out relative to high speed bus interface to the error rate received according to described method.
8., for a device for estimate symbol error rate, described device comprises:
One or more interface, described one or more interface is configured to receive data communication from upstream equipment; And
At least one controller be communicated with described one or more interface operation, at least one controller described is configured to:
Detect the one or more unblinds by described one or more interface;
Determine the probability of occurrence of one or more unblind that cannot detect; And
The quantity of estimate symbol mistake is at least carried out based on detected one or more unblind and determined probability.
9. device according to claim 8, at least one controller wherein said is further configured to follows the tracks of described estimate amount.
10. device according to claim 9, at least one controller wherein said is further configured to:
Detect when there is the change of mode of operation from the upstream equipment of described one or more orifice; And
After described detection, described tracking quantity is reset to initial counter value.
11. devices according to claim 10, the change of wherein detected mode of operation comprises described upstream equipment and described one or more interface disconnects.
12. devices according to claim 10, the change of wherein detected mode of operation comprises described upstream equipment and enters low-power mode.
13. devices according to claim 8, at least one controller wherein said is further configured to the quantity of the significant character being tracked through described one or more interface.
14. devices according to claim 8, wherein detect unblind based on not meeting data format at least in part.
15. devices according to claim 8, at least one in wherein said one or more interface meets HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) (HDMI) standard.
16. 1 kinds of methods less desirable mistake counted by data-interface, described method comprises:
One or more symbol is received during a kind of operator scheme selected from multiple modes of operation;
The ineffectivity of received one or more symbols is determined at least in part based on the one group of rule be associated with selected operator scheme;
Determine possibility unblind being detected; And
The estimate amount of the void in whole symbol in described one or more symbol is followed the tracks of at least in part based on fixed invalid one or more symbol and determined possibility.
17. methods according to claim 16, that wherein carries out when received one or more symbols are invalid describedly determines also at least in part based on verifying that one or more symbol of receiving is corresponding with current operation difference.
18. methods according to claim 17, when the difference that a symbol wherein in received one or more symbols has is not mated with current operation difference, determine that described symbol is invalid.
19. methods according to claim 17, also comprise:
When the difference that the symbol determined in described one or more symbol has is not mated with described current operation difference:
The all differences of described symbol is checked for all significant character ponds; And
When described symbol fails to mate with any described significant character, determine that described symbol is invalid.
20. methods according to claim 16, also comprise and carry out corrective action when the described estimate amount of unblind exceedes error thresholds.
21. methods according to claim 20, the source device that wherein said corrective action at least comprises to the described one or more symbol of transmission points out transmission problem.
Can estimate the device of error rate received for 22. 1 kinds, described device comprises:
For the device based on one or more operator scheme identifications one group of unblind;
For determining the device of possibility unblind being detected;
For detecting the device of in the unblind of multiple reception; And
For the device of the quantity of estimate symbol mistake, the described device wherein for estimating is configured to the quantity carrying out estimate symbol mistake at least in part based on the unblind of detected one or more receptions and determined possibility.
23. devices according to claim 22, the described device wherein for detecting is configured at least detect unblind based on the list of the significant character corresponding with predetermined protocol format.
24. devices according to claim 22, the described device wherein for detecting be configured at least in part based on received symbol with the comparing of one or more lists of unblind detect unblind.
25. devices according to claim 22, also comprise the device that the quantity for the unblind to detected one or more receptions counts;
Described device wherein for estimating is further configured to the quantity estimating described symbol error at least in part based on the described counting of the unblind of detected one or more receptions.
26. devices according to claim 22, also comprise the device counted the quantity of the significant character received;
Described device wherein for estimating is further configured to the quantity estimating described symbol error at least in part based on the counting of the significant character of detected one or more receptions.
27. 1 kinds of devices less desirable mistake counted by data-interface, described device comprises:
For receiving the device of one or more symbol during operator scheme, described operator scheme comprises the one in multiple possible operator scheme;
For determining the device of the ineffectivity of received one or more symbols at least in part based on the one group of rule be associated with described a kind of operator scheme;
For determining the device of possibility unblind being detected; And
For following the tracks of the device of the estimate amount of the void in whole symbol in described one or more symbol at least in part based on fixed invalid one or more symbol and determined possibility.
28. devices according to claim 27, wherein for determining that the described device of ineffectivity is configured to verify that the one or more symbol received is corresponding with current operation difference.
29. devices according to claim 27, also comprise the device for carrying out corrective action, and the described device wherein for carrying out corrective action is configured to carry out corrective action when the described estimate amount of unblind exceedes threshold value.
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| US20130195160A1 (en) | 2013-08-01 |
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