Background technology
Tung tree deciduous tree, bark grey, branch is sturdy, leaf oval, flower monoecism, close by the micro-pubescence of brown outside calyx, and petal white, have incarnadine vein, obovate, ovary is close by pubescence, and drupe is closely spherical, and seed coat is wooden.The flowering fruit bearing stage 3-9 month.Tung oil is essential industry oil, and manufacture paint and coating, economic worth is high especially.Tung oil and wood oil golden yellow color or pale brown are all excellent siccative oil, glossy, can not eat, have waterproof, airtight, do not conduct electricity, antiacid alkali, protection against corrosion, the feature such as cold-hot.Be widely used in the production such as painting, plastics, electrical equipment, synthetic chloroprene rubber, imitation leather, synthetic petroleum, ink.Tung oil tree is Chinese peculiar commodity trees, and it and oil tea, walnut, Chinese tallow tree also claim China four large traditional oil trees.Tung oil tree has the cultivation history of more than thousand at least, tung oil tree has higher economic worth, the plantation of tung oil tree be unable to do without fertilizer, common fertilizer is after arable land applies, a part is rising, dissipation and outflowing with water, a part is fixed by soil and soil microorganisms and is utilized, and only has the just absorbed by crops and utilization of a part wherein.Show after deliberation: the utilization ratio of urea, carbon ammonium is 20% one 46%, phosphate fertilizer (two ammoniums, an ammonium, coarse whiting) is 10% one 25%, potash fertilizer 45% one 60%.As can be seen here, common fertilizer utilization ratio is very low.For this reason, the present inventor is for the feature of tung oil tree and a kind of method preparing tung oil tree special fertilizer of the fertile characteristic research of happiness, need in a growth cycle of tung oil tree to absorb more nutritive substance, be not only nitrogen that common fertilizer provides, phosphorus, potassium, as lacked other nutrients, just can not grow by normal growth, the present invention is the synthesis containing multiple nutrient, not the chemical fertilizer that nutrient is single, it is except nitrogenous, phosphorus, the macronutrients such as potassium are also rich in calcium outward, iron, the element that the crops such as magnesium are required, serve the effect regulating soil balanced nutrients, it is a kind of new and effective no-pollution full nutrition chelating dedicated fertilizer.This special fertilizer be grow normally according to tung oil tree, cultivation feature, irrigate habit, prepared by the nutritive element of needs.Add various nutrient elements, protection tung oil tree is healthy, and fertility is more lasting, and effective regulating plant body defensive ability/resistance ability, alleviates disease, improves output.Greatly improve crop quality, improve the immunizing power of tung oil tree self, can well prevent tung oil tree regular incidence.
Potassium primary phosphate, agriculturally be used as efficient phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer, be widely used in the crop of the almost all types such as all types of cash crop, grain, melon and fruit, vegetables, there is remarkable increasing both production and income, the amount of changing optimizes many excellent effects such as quality, resistant to lodging, disease and insect resistance, control early ageing, and have and overcome the aging receptivity of plant growth later stage root system and decline and the malnourished effect that causes.The production method of potassium primary phosphate is a lot, is roughly summarised as neutralisation, extraction process, ion exchange method, double decomposition, direct method, crystallization process and electrolytic process etc.In China, production technique many employings neutralisation, secondly also has organic extraction, double decomposition, ion exchange method.
As the publication number patent document that is CN100999312A discloses the coproduction side of a kind of potassium primary phosphate, S-based compound fertilizer and polymerize aluminum chloride, not only solve the impurity interference problem that phosphoric acid by wet process prepares potassium primary phosphate, and can also the free from chloride S-based compound fertilizer of by-product, coproducing polymerized aluminum chloride simultaneously, raw material availability is high, improves economic benefit.
The technology of preparing of mixing composite fertilizer is also had at present for farm crop, but in Patents file and open source literature, do not find that difference for variety of crops is by the research of element needed for crop, the technical scheme of element being carried out the composite fertilizer of the chemical combination state of arranging in pairs or groups exists, and does not also find that the technical scheme preparing coproduction tung oil tree composite fertilizer special in potassium primary phosphate process occurs.
Therefore, the present inventor is main by a large amount of research and practices from element collocation needed for tung oil tree, adjusts whole production technique and parameter produces the special efficient composite fertilizer being applicable to tung oil tree while raising phosphoric acid prepares the purity of potassium dihydrogen phosphate product for the specific absorption of crop to required element.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of preparation method preparing potassium primary phosphate coproduction tung oil tree composite fertilizer special, it has, and environmental pollution is low, equipment requirements is low, production cost is low, potassium dihydrogen phosphate product purity advantages of higher, and the tung oil tree composite fertilizer special of by-product fully can be absorbed by plant, composite fertilizer's nutritive element collocation is proper, has certain value of environmental protection and economic worth.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of method preparing potassium primary phosphate coproduction tung oil tree composite fertilizer special, with urea and phosphoric acid in molar ratio 1:1.3-1.7 mix, temperature is risen to 100-130 DEG C, stirring reaction 2.2h, separation obtains intermediate, by intermediate and alkaline potassium hybrid reaction, control pH value is 3.6-3.9, obtain containing nitrogen after reaction terminates, phosphorus, the mother liquor of potassium, mother liquor is put and decrease temperature crystalline in cooling crystallizer, monitoring analysis is carried out to mother liquor simultaneously, when nitrogen content is 15.2-15.6%, phosphorus pentoxide content is 7.2-7.6%, when potassium oxide content is 8.2-8.6%, stop crystallization and filter, namely the filter cake obtained is potassium primary phosphate, then in the filtrate obtained, add the element needed for tung oil tree, and take the heat-up rate of 5 DEG C/min filtrate to be warming up to 25 DEG C to carry out drying, after dry 20min, when water content is 4.5%, obtain tung oil tree composite fertilizer special finished product.
Specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) raw material hybrid reaction: use urea and phosphoric acid in molar ratio 1:1.3-1.6 mix, and temperature is risen to 100-129 DEG C, and stirring velocity is 65-75r/min stirring reaction 2.2h, is separated and obtains intermediate;
(2) prepare potassium primary phosphate: by step 1) in the intermediate that obtains and alkaline potassium hybrid reaction, control pH value is 3.6-3.8, the mother liquor containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is obtained after reaction terminates, mother liquor is put and decrease temperature crystalline in cooling crystallizer, monitoring analysis is carried out to mother liquor simultaneously, when nitrogen content is 15.2-15.5%, phosphorus pentoxide content is 7.2-7.5%, when potassium oxide content is 8.2-8.5%, stop crystallization and filter, namely the filter cake obtained is potassium primary phosphate;
(3) prepare tung oil tree composite fertilizer special: then to step 2) in add element needed for tung oil tree in the filtrate that obtains, and take the heat-up rate of 5 DEG C/min filtrate to be warming up to 25 DEG C to carry out drying, after dry 20min, when water content is 4.5%, obtain tung oil tree composite fertilizer special finished product;
The reaction of described urea and phosphoric acid is that urea solid and phosphoric acid solution react.
The concentration of described phosphoric acid is 70%.
Described alkaline potassium is potassium hydroxide.
The cooling temperature of described crystallisation by cooling is 23 DEG C.
Element needed for described tung oil tree is calcium, iron, magnesium.
Described tung oil tree composite fertilizer special is chemical combination state Chemical Mixed Fertilizer.
Described chemical combination state Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, containing following N P and K chemical combination state structural formula in its composition:
wherein, the dotted line between carbon atom and Sauerstoffatom represents to there is coordinate bond between C atom and O atom.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: prepare potassium primary phosphate by phosphoric acid and urea reaction, make the potassium dihydrogen phosphate product purity of output high, compensate for conventional wet phosphoric acid when preparing potassium primary phosphate, the problem of impurity treatment difficulty, reduce production cost, and in the process preparing potassium primary phosphate, by to raw material, temperature, the control of constituent content, obtain the filtrate that can be prepared into tung oil tree composite fertilizer special, use this filtrate to prepare composite fertilizer can not only meet the demand of tung oil tree to nutritive element, and there will not be the problem causing Soil Environmental Pollution because fertile amount is residual, there is the higher value of environmental protection and economic worth.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is further described, but described in claimed scope is not limited to.
Reaction principle illustrates:
Urea and phosphatase reaction generate Ureaphil, and Ureaphil can form the ion double salt that a kind of positive and negative charge attracts mutually under containing phosphoric acid and hot environment, and under the environment that exists at phosphoric acid of Ureaphil ion double salt, H wherein
2nCONH
3 +ion and phosphoric acid close, form the intermediate-ion of C → O coordinate bond, be CO
5pN
2h
8 +ion, and then make in Ureaphil intermediate containing a large amount of H
2pO
4 -and CO
5pN
2h
8 +ion, when adding excessive and appropriate potassium ion, dihydrogen phosphate and potassium ion form potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal and are precipitated, unnecessary potassium ion and CO
5pN
2h
8 +ionic reaction, and displace part NH4+, make in solution containing CO
5pNH
4k
+double salt ion, by element adjustment, finally adding dried filtrate can obtain composite fertilizer.Concrete reaction equation is as follows:
Reaction equation one:
H
2PO
3+CO(NH
2)
2—CO(NH
2)
2·H
3PO
4
Reaction equation two:
CO(NH
2)
2·H
3PO
4—H
2NCONH
3 ++H
2PO
4 -
Reaction equation three:
H
2PO
4 -+K
+—KH
2PO
4
Reaction equation four:
Reaction equation five:
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated:
Embodiment 1
Prepare a method for potassium primary phosphate coproduction tung oil tree composite fertilizer special, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material hybrid reaction: use urea and phosphoric acid in molar ratio 1:1.3 mix, and temperature is risen to 100 DEG C, stirring velocity is 65-75r/min stirring reaction 2.2h, is separated and obtains intermediate;
(2) prepare potassium primary phosphate: by step 1) in the intermediate that obtains and 1mol potassium hydroxide hybrid reaction, controlling pH value is 3.6, the mother liquor containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is obtained after reaction terminates, mother liquor is put and decrease temperature crystalline in cooling crystallizer, monitoring analysis is carried out to mother liquor simultaneously, when nitrogen content is 15.2%, phosphorus pentoxide content is 7.2%, when potassium oxide content is 8.2%, stop crystallization and filter, namely the filter cake obtained is potassium primary phosphate;
(3) prepare tung oil tree composite fertilizer special: then to step 2) in add calcium, iron, magnesium elements needed for tung oil tree in the filtrate that obtains, and take the heat-up rate of 5 DEG C/min filtrate to be warming up to 25 DEG C to carry out drying, after dry 20min, when water content is 4.5%, obtain tung oil tree composite fertilizer special finished product;
Embodiment 2
Prepare a method for potassium primary phosphate coproduction tung oil tree composite fertilizer special, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material hybrid reaction: use urea and phosphoric acid in molar ratio 1:1.4 mix, and temperature is risen to 105 DEG C, stirring velocity is 65-75r/min stirring reaction 2.2h, is separated and obtains intermediate;
(2) prepare potassium primary phosphate: by step 1) in the intermediate that obtains and 1mol potassium hydroxide hybrid reaction, controlling pH value is 3.6, the mother liquor containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is obtained after reaction terminates, mother liquor is put and decrease temperature crystalline in cooling crystallizer, monitoring analysis is carried out to mother liquor simultaneously, when nitrogen content is 15.3%, phosphorus pentoxide content is 7.3%, when potassium oxide content is 8.3%, stop crystallization and filter, namely the filter cake obtained is potassium primary phosphate;
(3) prepare tung oil tree composite fertilizer special: then to step 2) in add calcium, iron, magnesium elements needed for tung oil tree in the filtrate that obtains, and take the heat-up rate of 5 DEG C/min filtrate to be warming up to 25 DEG C to carry out drying, after dry 20min, when water content is 4.5%, obtain tung oil tree composite fertilizer special finished product;
Embodiment 3
Prepare a method for potassium primary phosphate coproduction tung oil tree composite fertilizer special, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material hybrid reaction: use urea and phosphoric acid in molar ratio 1:1.4 mix, and temperature is risen to 110 DEG C, stirring velocity is 65-75r/min stirring reaction 2.2h, is separated and obtains intermediate;
(2) prepare potassium primary phosphate: by step 1) in the intermediate that obtains and 1mol potassium hydroxide hybrid reaction, controlling pH value is 3.7, the mother liquor containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is obtained after reaction terminates, mother liquor is put and decrease temperature crystalline in cooling crystallizer, monitoring analysis is carried out to mother liquor simultaneously, when nitrogen content is 15.4%, phosphorus pentoxide content is 7.4%, when potassium oxide content is 8.4%, stop crystallization and filter, namely the filter cake obtained is potassium primary phosphate;
(3) prepare tung oil tree composite fertilizer special: then to step 2) in add calcium, iron, magnesium elements needed for tung oil tree in the filtrate that obtains, and take the heat-up rate of 5 DEG C/min filtrate to be warming up to 25 DEG C to carry out drying, after dry 20min, when water content is 4.5%, obtain tung oil tree composite fertilizer special finished product;
Embodiment 4
Prepare a method for potassium primary phosphate coproduction tung oil tree composite fertilizer special, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material hybrid reaction: use urea and phosphoric acid in molar ratio 1:1.5 mix, and temperature is risen to 115 DEG C, stirring velocity is 65-75r/min stirring reaction 2.2h, is separated and obtains intermediate;
(2) prepare potassium primary phosphate: by step 1) in the intermediate that obtains and 1mol potassium hydroxide hybrid reaction, controlling pH value is 3.7, the mother liquor containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is obtained after reaction terminates, mother liquor is put and decrease temperature crystalline in cooling crystallizer, monitoring analysis is carried out to mother liquor simultaneously, when nitrogen content is 15.5%, phosphorus pentoxide content is 7.5%, when potassium oxide content is 8.5%, stop crystallization and filter, namely the filter cake obtained is potassium primary phosphate;
(3) prepare tung oil tree composite fertilizer special: then to step 2) in add calcium, iron, magnesium elements needed for tung oil tree in the filtrate that obtains, and take the heat-up rate of 5 DEG C/min filtrate to be warming up to 25 DEG C to carry out drying, after dry 20min, when water content is 4.5%, obtain tung oil tree composite fertilizer special finished product;
Embodiment 5
Prepare a method for potassium primary phosphate coproduction tung oil tree composite fertilizer special, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material hybrid reaction: use urea and phosphoric acid in molar ratio 1:1.6 mix, and temperature is risen to 115 DEG C, stirring velocity is 65-75r/min stirring reaction 2.2h, is separated and obtains intermediate;
(2) prepare potassium primary phosphate: by step 1) in the intermediate that obtains and 1mol potassium hydroxide hybrid reaction, controlling pH value is 3.8, the mother liquor containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is obtained after reaction terminates, mother liquor is put and decrease temperature crystalline in cooling crystallizer, monitoring analysis is carried out to mother liquor simultaneously, when nitrogen content is 15.5%, phosphorus pentoxide content is 7.2%, when potassium oxide content is 8.3%, stop crystallization and filter, namely the filter cake obtained is potassium primary phosphate;
(3) prepare tung oil tree composite fertilizer special: then to step 2) in add calcium, iron, magnesium elements needed for tung oil tree in the filtrate that obtains, and take the heat-up rate of 5 DEG C/min filtrate to be warming up to 25 DEG C to carry out drying, after dry 20min, when water content is 4.5%, obtain tung oil tree composite fertilizer special finished product;
Embodiment 6
Prepare a method for potassium primary phosphate coproduction tung oil tree composite fertilizer special, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material hybrid reaction: use urea and phosphoric acid in molar ratio 1:1.6 mix, and temperature is risen to 129 DEG C, stirring velocity is 65-75r/min stirring reaction 2.2h, is separated and obtains intermediate;
(2) prepare potassium primary phosphate: by step 1) in the intermediate that obtains and 1mol potassium hydroxide hybrid reaction, controlling pH value is 3.8, the mother liquor containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is obtained after reaction terminates, mother liquor is put and decrease temperature crystalline in cooling crystallizer, monitoring analysis is carried out to mother liquor simultaneously, when nitrogen content is 15.2%, phosphorus pentoxide content is 7.5%, when potassium oxide content is 8.5%, stop crystallization and filter, namely the filter cake obtained is potassium primary phosphate;
(3) prepare tung oil tree composite fertilizer special: then to step 2) in add calcium, iron, magnesium elements needed for tung oil tree in the filtrate that obtains, and take the heat-up rate of 5 DEG C/min filtrate to be warming up to 25 DEG C to carry out drying, after dry 20min, when water content is 4.5%, obtain tung oil tree composite fertilizer special finished product;
Below in conjunction with specific experiment example, product of the present invention and technique effect are further described.
Experimental example 1
The embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3, embodiment 4, embodiment 5, embodiment 6, in the tung oil tree composite fertilizer special prepared detect according to GB1887-2002 standard, its result is as shown in table 1:
The detection of content of element of table 1 tung oil tree composite fertilizer special of the present invention
Test item |
Criterion of acceptability |
Embodiment 1 |
Embodiment 2 |
Embodiment 3 |
Embodiment 4 |
Embodiment 5 |
Embodiment 6 |
N P and K |
30% |
30.6% |
30.9% |
31.2% |
31.5% |
31% |
31.2% |
Nitrogen |
15% |
15.2% |
15.3% |
15.4% |
15.5% |
15.5% |
15.2% |
Phosphorus |
7% |
7.2% |
7.3% |
7.4% |
7.5% |
7.2% |
7.5% |
Potassium |
8/% |
8.2% |
8.3% |
8.4% |
8.5% |
8.3% |
8.5% |
[0072]?
Water content |
≤10% |
4.5% |
4.5% |
4.5% |
4.5% |
4.5% |
4.5% |
By learning in table 1 that the constituent content of tung oil tree composite fertilizer special prepared by the present invention not only reaches criterion of acceptability, and be much better than criterion of acceptability, illustrate that this composite fertilizer can meet the nutritive element demand of tung oil tree, technique effect has progress significantly.
Experimental example 2
The embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3, embodiment 4, embodiment 5, embodiment 6, in the potassium dihydrogen phosphate product prepared detect by the detection method of GBT278-1997.
Table 2 potassium dihydrogen phosphate product purity detecting of the present invention
As can be seen from Table 2, the potassium primary phosphate that technical scheme of the present invention is produced not only reaches criterion of acceptability, and the purity of product is also higher, illustrates that present method is prepared potassium dihydrogen phosphate product and had significant progress.