CN104267408A - Navigation constellation inter-satellite link transceiver device time delay calibration method - Google Patents
Navigation constellation inter-satellite link transceiver device time delay calibration method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用于导航星座星间链路收发信机设备时延标定的方法，该方法在收发信机设备上加入双向校准通道、中频开关矩阵和射频开关矩阵，并分时控制射频开关矩阵和中频开关矩阵，依次使发射通道、接收通道和双向校准通道两两连通，通过闭环时延测试得到三个时延值，最后根据所述的三个时延值计算发射通道的绝对时延Tt和接收通道的绝对时延Tr，将该时延量作为收发信机设备时延零值带入星间链路时延测量数据进行时延校准，实现收发信机设备时延标定。本方法能够满足收发信机的在轨实时测量，并且在单颗卫星内部即可完成收发信机时延的校准，即避免了静态测试的缺陷，同时与其他动态方法相比，不需要多星或者多天线参与时延测量工作。
The invention provides a method for calibrating the time delay of the transceiver equipment of the navigation constellation inter-satellite link. The method adds a bidirectional calibration channel, an intermediate frequency switch matrix and a radio frequency switch matrix to the transceiver equipment, and controls the radio frequency switch in time division The matrix and the intermediate frequency switch matrix make the transmitting channel, receiving channel and bidirectional calibration channel connect two by two in turn, and get three delay values through the closed-loop delay test, and finally calculate the absolute delay of the transmitting channel according to the three delay values Tt and the absolute time delay Tr of the receiving channel, the time delay amount is taken as the zero value of the time delay of the transceiver equipment and brought into the inter-satellite link time delay measurement data for time delay calibration to realize the time delay calibration of the transceiver equipment. This method can satisfy the on-orbit real-time measurement of the transceiver, and the calibration of the transceiver delay can be completed within a single satellite, which avoids the defects of the static test, and compared with other dynamic methods, it does not require multiple satellites. Or multiple antennas participate in the delay measurement work.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种时延校准方法，特别是一种用于导航星座星间链路收发信机设备时延标定的方法。The invention relates to a time delay calibration method, in particular to a time delay calibration method for navigation constellation inter-satellite link transceiver equipment.
背景技术Background technique
导航星座自主导航是指导航星座卫星在长时间得不到地面系统支持的情况下，通过星间双向测距、数据交换以及星载处理器滤波处理，不断修正地面站注入的卫星长期预报星历及时钟参数，并自主生成导航电文和维持星座基本构形，满足用户高精度导航定位应用需求的过程。实现星间精密测距和时间同步是决定导航星座星间链路最终实现水平的关键技术之一。星间的精密测距和时间同步等功能都是通过星上的收发信机实现的，收发信机设备时延零值的变化和通带内群时延的波动直接影响到星间双向测距的精度。因此，收发信机时延的精确测量与标校对于提高星间链路信号测量精度、实现导航星座高精度定轨与时间同步具有重要意义。Navigation constellation autonomous navigation refers to the fact that the navigation constellation satellites continuously correct the satellite long-term forecast ephemeris injected by the ground station through inter-satellite two-way ranging, data exchange and on-board processor filtering processing when the navigation constellation satellites are not supported by the ground system for a long time and clock parameters, and independently generate navigation messages and maintain the basic configuration of the constellation to meet the user's high-precision navigation and positioning application requirements. The realization of inter-satellite precision ranging and time synchronization is one of the key technologies that determine the ultimate level of navigation constellation inter-satellite link. Inter-satellite precision ranging and time synchronization functions are all realized through on-board transceivers. Changes in the zero delay value of transceiver equipment and fluctuations in group delay in the passband directly affect inter-satellite two-way ranging accuracy. Therefore, accurate measurement and calibration of transceiver delay is of great significance for improving the measurement accuracy of inter-satellite link signals and realizing high-precision orbit determination and time synchronization of navigation constellations.
星间链路收发信机是星间精密测距和通信技术的具体实现，由数字基带平台、精密测距与通信算法软件、路由控制软件、接收/发射通道组成，承载着星间链路组网测量通信等主要功能，是星间链路的核心智能单元。The inter-satellite link transceiver is the concrete realization of inter-satellite precision ranging and communication technology. It consists of a digital baseband platform, precision ranging and communication algorithm software, routing control software, and receiving/transmitting channels. It carries the inter-satellite link group. It is the core intelligent unit of the inter-satellite link.
当星间链路使用双向无线电测距方法完成精密测距与时间同步时，由于收发信机的变频器、功放、低噪放等设备都是非线性相位系统(色散信道)，扩频信号经过这些非理想传输信道时会产生群延时波动和相位畸变。由设备时延引入的误差是双向无线电测距系统中的最大误差来源，若不加控制此项误差可能达到数ns量级。因此，测距与时间同步的精度极大程度上受制于对收发信机时延零值和群时延波动的精确测量与标校。When the inter-satellite link uses the two-way radio ranging method to complete precise ranging and time synchronization, since the frequency converter, power amplifier, low noise amplifier and other equipment of the transceiver are nonlinear phase systems (dispersive channels), the spread spectrum signal passes through these Group delay fluctuations and phase distortions will occur when the transmission channel is not ideal. The error introduced by the time delay of the equipment is the largest source of error in the two-way radio ranging system. If this error is not controlled, it may reach the order of several ns. Therefore, the accuracy of ranging and time synchronization is largely restricted by the accurate measurement and calibration of the zero delay value of the transceiver and the fluctuation of the group delay.
目前时延测量方法主要包含两大类，第一类为静态法，也即搭建静态连接的测量测试系统，通过仪器设备如相位计、示波器、时间间隔测量仪、矢量信号分析仪和网络分析仪等各种测试仪器对时延进行精确测量。第二类是动态测量法，这类方法是根据信号时延估计原理，将载波调制后通过被测器件，在输出端对信号进行解调后通过与参考信号比相来估计时延。At present, the delay measurement methods mainly include two categories. The first category is the static method, that is, to build a static connection measurement test system, through instruments and equipment such as phase meters, oscilloscopes, time interval measuring instruments, vector signal analyzers and network analyzers. Various test instruments such as the time delay can be accurately measured. The second type is the dynamic measurement method. This type of method is based on the principle of signal delay estimation. After the carrier is modulated, it passes through the device under test. After the signal is demodulated at the output end, the delay is estimated by comparing it with the reference signal.
收发信机在在轨工作状态下，各器件的工作状态会随着时间、温度、振动、辐照剂量等外部因素发生变化，从而收发信机发射通道和接收通道在不同外部环境下的绝对时延值不一致，传统的静态测量方法已逐渐不适应设备时延实时、在线精确测量的需求，不能准确的表征卫星在运行状态下各设备的实时时延值，而动态方法则能够满足这方面的应用需求。When the transceiver is working in orbit, the working state of each device will change with external factors such as time, temperature, vibration, and radiation dose, so the absolute time of the transceiver’s transmitting channel and receiving channel under different external environments The delay values are inconsistent, and the traditional static measurement method has gradually failed to meet the needs of real-time and online accurate measurement of equipment delay, and cannot accurately characterize the real-time delay value of each device in the satellite operating state, while the dynamic method can meet this requirement Application requirements.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种用于导航星座星间链路收发信机设备时延标定的方法。该方法属于动态测量法，采用本方法能够满足收发信机的在轨实时测量，并且在单颗卫星内部即可完成收发信机时延的校准，即避免了静态测试的缺陷，同时与其他动态方法相比，不需要多星或者多天线参与时延测量工作。In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for calibrating the time delay of the navigation constellation inter-satellite link transceiver equipment. This method belongs to the dynamic measurement method. This method can meet the real-time measurement of the transceiver in orbit, and the calibration of the transceiver time delay can be completed within a single satellite, which avoids the defects of the static test. Compared with the method, it does not require multiple satellites or multiple antennas to participate in the delay measurement work.
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:The purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
一种用于导航星座星间链路收发信机设备时延标定的方法，其特征在于，A method for calibrating time delay of transceiver equipment for navigation constellation inter-satellite link, characterized in that,
步骤一、在包含发射通道、接收通道及基带板卡的收发信机中加入双向校准通道、中频开关矩阵和射频开关矩阵；使发射通道、接收通道及双向校准通道并联于中频开关矩阵和射频开关矩阵之间，且令基带板卡与中频开关矩阵连接；Step 1. Add a two-way calibration channel, an intermediate frequency switch matrix and a radio frequency switch matrix to the transceiver including the transmit channel, receive channel and baseband board; make the transmit channel, receive channel and two-way calibration channel parallel to the intermediate frequency switch matrix and the radio frequency switch between the matrices, and connect the baseband board to the IF switch matrix;
步骤二、分时控制射频开关矩阵和中频开关矩阵，依次使发射通道、接收通道和双向校准通道两两连通，通过基带板卡产生中频调制信号，对三个连通的通路进行闭环时延测试，得到三个时延值；Step 2. Time-sharing control of the RF switch matrix and the IF switch matrix, sequentially connecting the transmit channel, the receive channel and the bidirectional calibration channel two by two, generating an intermediate frequency modulation signal through the baseband board, and performing a closed-loop delay test on the three connected channels. Get three delay values;
步骤三、根据所述三个时延值计算发射通道的绝对时延Tt，接收通道的绝对时延Tr，将该时延量作为收发信机设备时延零值带入星间链路时延测量数据进行时延校准，从星间链路总时延中消除发射通道绝对时延和接收通道绝对时延，即完成收发信机设备时延的标定。Step 3. Calculate the absolute time delay Tt of the transmitting channel according to the three time delay values, and the absolute time delay Tr of the receiving channel, and bring the time delay amount into the inter-satellite link time delay as the zero value of the time delay of the transceiver equipment The measurement data is used for delay calibration, and the absolute delay of the transmitting channel and the absolute delay of the receiving channel are eliminated from the total delay of the inter-satellite link, that is, the calibration of the delay of the transceiver equipment is completed.
进一步地，为了使在相同工作环境下，双向校准通道将射频信号变换为中频信号的时延与将中频信号变换为射频信号的时延一致，本发明双向校准通道采用无源变频器件。Further, in order to make the time delay of converting the radio frequency signal into the intermediate frequency signal by the bidirectional calibration channel consistent with the time delay of converting the intermediate frequency signal into the radio frequency signal under the same working environment, the bidirectional calibration channel of the present invention adopts a passive frequency conversion device.
进一步地，为了使中频开关矩阵和射频开关矩阵在相同的时延环境下，信号从开关的输入端到各输出端所产生的时延一致，或其时延不一致性远小于系统所要求的测量精度(纳秒量级)，本发明中频开关矩阵和射频开关矩阵采用具有单刀多掷开关功能的半导体芯片作为核心功能器件实现，且芯片到各端口的距离相等，连接、组装方式相同。Further, in order to make the IF switch matrix and the RF switch matrix in the same delay environment, the delay generated by the signal from the input terminal of the switch to each output terminal is consistent, or its delay inconsistency is much smaller than the measurement required by the system Accuracy (on the order of nanoseconds), the intermediate frequency switch matrix and the radio frequency switch matrix of the present invention adopt the semiconductor chip with single-pole multi-throw switch function as the core functional device, and the distance from the chip to each port is equal, and the connection and assembly methods are the same.
进一步地，本发明的闭环时延测试为：基带板卡产生带有时间戳信息的中频调制信号，该信号进入发射通道、接收通道或双向校准通道后会产生一定的时延，经过中频开关矩阵和射频开关矩阵选通使该信号形成回路并返回基带板卡，基带板卡通过处理返回的中频调制信号，估计出中频调制信号经过被测通道后产生的时延值。Further, the closed-loop delay test of the present invention is as follows: the baseband board generates an intermediate frequency modulation signal with time stamp information, and the signal will generate a certain time delay after entering the transmitting channel, receiving channel or bidirectional calibration channel, and passes through the intermediate frequency switch matrix Gating with the RF switch matrix makes the signal form a loop and return to the baseband board. The baseband board processes the returned IF modulation signal to estimate the delay value of the IF modulation signal after passing through the channel under test.
有益效果：Beneficial effect:
本发明在收发信机设备上加入双向校准通道、中频开关矩阵和射频开关矩阵，并分时控制测量三个连通通路的时延值，最后根据所述时延值计算发射通道的绝对时延Tt和接收通道的绝对时延Tr，实现收发信机设备时延标定；因此本方法能够满足收发信机的在轨实时测量，并且在单颗卫星内部即可完成收发信机时延的校准，即避免了静态测试的缺陷，同时与其他动态方法相比，不需要多星或者多天线参与时延测量工作。The present invention adds a two-way calibration channel, an intermediate frequency switch matrix and a radio frequency switch matrix to the transceiver equipment, and time-sharing control measures the time delay values of the three connected paths, and finally calculates the absolute time delay Tt of the transmission channel according to the time delay values and the absolute time delay Tr of the receiving channel to realize the time delay calibration of the transceiver equipment; therefore, this method can meet the on-orbit real-time measurement of the transceiver, and the calibration of the time delay of the transceiver can be completed inside a single satellite, namely The defect of static test is avoided, and at the same time, compared with other dynamic methods, it does not require multi-satellite or multi-antenna to participate in delay measurement work.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明导航星座星间链路收发信机设备时延标定方法的流程图。Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the method for calibrating the time delay of the navigation constellation inter-satellite link transceiver equipment of the present invention.
图2为本发明优选实施例的组成示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic composition diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图3为进行发射通道至接收通道闭环时延测量链路组成图。Fig. 3 is a link composition diagram for performing closed-loop delay measurement from the transmitting channel to the receiving channel.
图4为进行发射通道至双向校准通道闭环时延测量链路组成图。Fig. 4 is a link composition diagram for performing closed-loop delay measurement from the transmitting channel to the bidirectional calibration channel.
图5为进行双向校准通道至接收通道闭环时延测量链路组成图。Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the composition of the link for the measurement of the closed-loop time delay from the bidirectional calibration channel to the receiving channel.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图并举实施例，对本发明进行详细描述。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
本发明提供了一种用于导航星座星间链路收发信机设备时延标定方法，具体实施步骤如图1所示,包括：The present invention provides a method for calibrating the time delay of transceiver equipment for navigation constellation inter-satellite links. The specific implementation steps are shown in Figure 1, including:
步骤一、在包含发射通道、接收通道及基带板卡的收发信机中加入双向校准通道、中频开关矩阵和射频开关矩阵构成收发信机设备时延的标定系统和标定环境，使发射通道、接收通道及双向校准通道并联于中频开关矩阵和射频开关矩阵之间，且令基带板卡与中频开关矩阵连接，如图2所示。Step 1. Add a two-way calibration channel, an intermediate frequency switch matrix and a radio frequency switch matrix to the transceiver including the transmit channel, receive channel and baseband board to form a calibration system and calibration environment for the time delay of the transceiver equipment, so that the transmit channel, receive The channel and the bidirectional calibration channel are connected in parallel between the IF switch matrix and the RF switch matrix, and the baseband board is connected to the IF switch matrix, as shown in Figure 2.
步骤二、分时控制射频开关矩阵和中频开关矩阵，依次使发射通道、接收通道和双向校准通道两两连通，通过基带板卡产生中频调制信号，对三个连通的通路进行闭环时延测试，得到三个时延值，具体过程如下：Step 2. Time-sharing control of the RF switch matrix and the IF switch matrix, sequentially connecting the transmit channel, the receive channel and the bidirectional calibration channel two by two, generating an intermediate frequency modulation signal through the baseband board, and performing a closed-loop delay test on the three connected channels. Get three delay values, the specific process is as follows:
(1)、如图3所示，将中频开关矩阵Z4、Z1两端口选通，基带板卡产生带有时间戳信息的中频调制信号由S1端口输出，经过中频开关矩阵输入发射通道的中频端(A1)，中频调制信号进入发射通道并在发射通道内上变频及功率放大形成射频调制信号，从发射通道射频端(A2)输出，将射频开关矩阵X1、X2两端口选通，射频调制信号经射频开关矩阵进入接收通道的射频端(B2)，并在接收通道内进行低噪声放大和下变频处理得到中频回波信号(即返回的中频调制信号)由接收通道中频端(B1)输出，将中频开关Z5、Z2两端口选通，使得B1端输出的中频回波信号经中频开关矩阵后输入基带板卡的中频信号接收端(S2)，经板卡采集处理后，可解算出调制信号的传播时延为T1；(1) As shown in Figure 3, the two ports Z4 and Z1 of the intermediate frequency switch matrix are gated, and the baseband board generates an intermediate frequency modulation signal with time stamp information, which is output by the S1 port and input to the intermediate frequency end of the transmission channel through the intermediate frequency switch matrix (A1), the intermediate frequency modulation signal enters the transmission channel and is up-converted and power-amplified in the transmission channel to form a radio frequency modulation signal, which is output from the radio frequency end (A2) of the transmission channel, and the two ports of the radio frequency switch matrix X1 and X2 are gated, and the radio frequency modulation signal Enter the RF terminal (B2) of the receiving channel through the RF switch matrix, and perform low-noise amplification and down-conversion processing in the receiving channel to obtain an intermediate frequency echo signal (that is, the returned intermediate frequency modulation signal) and output it from the intermediate frequency terminal (B1) of the receiving channel. The two ports of the intermediate frequency switch Z5 and Z2 are strobed, so that the intermediate frequency echo signal output by the terminal B1 is input to the intermediate frequency signal receiving end (S2) of the baseband board after passing through the intermediate frequency switch matrix, and the modulated signal can be calculated after being collected and processed by the board The propagation delay of is T1;
可得到方程：T1＝Ts11+Tt+Ts21+Tr+Ts12；The equation can be obtained: T1=Ts11+Tt+Ts21+Tr+Ts12;
其中，Ts11是中频开关矩阵实现基带板卡与发射通道连接的信号传输时延，Tt是发射通道信号传输时延，Ts21是射频开关矩阵实现发射通道与接收通道连接的信号传输时延，Tr是接收通道信号传输时延，Ts12是中频开关矩阵实现接收通道与基带板卡连接的信号传输时延。Among them, Ts11 is the signal transmission delay of the IF switch matrix to realize the connection between the baseband board and the transmit channel, Tt is the signal transmission delay of the transmit channel, Ts21 is the signal transmission delay of the RF switch matrix to realize the connection between the transmit channel and the receive channel, and Tr is Receive channel signal transmission delay, Ts12 is the signal transmission delay of the IF switch matrix to realize the connection between the receive channel and the baseband board.
(2)、如图4所示，将中频开关矩阵Z4、Z1两端口选通，基带板卡产生带有时间戳信息的中频调制信号由S1端口输出，经过中频开关矩阵输入发射通道的中频端(A1)，中频调制信号进入发射通道并在发射通道内上变频及功率放大形成射频调制信号，从发射通道射频端(A2)输出，将射频开关矩阵X1、X3两端口选通，射频调制信号经射频开关矩阵进入双向校准通道的射频端(C2)，并在双向校准通道内进行下变频处理得到中频回波信号由双向校准通道中频端(C1)输出，将中频开关Z5、Z3两端口选通，使得C1端输出的中频回波信号经中频开关矩阵后输入基带板卡中频信号接收端(S2)，经板卡采集处理后，可结算出调制信号的传播时延为T2；(2) As shown in Figure 4, the two ports Z4 and Z1 of the intermediate frequency switch matrix are gated, and the baseband board generates an intermediate frequency modulation signal with time stamp information, which is output by the S1 port and input to the intermediate frequency end of the transmission channel through the intermediate frequency switch matrix (A1), the intermediate frequency modulation signal enters the transmission channel and is up-converted and power-amplified in the transmission channel to form a radio frequency modulation signal, which is output from the radio frequency end (A2) of the transmission channel, and the two ports X1 and X3 of the radio frequency switch matrix are gated, and the radio frequency modulation signal Enter the radio frequency end (C2) of the two-way calibration channel through the radio frequency switch matrix, and perform down-conversion processing in the two-way calibration channel to obtain the intermediate frequency echo signal output from the intermediate frequency end (C1) of the two-way calibration channel, and select the two ports of the intermediate frequency switch Z5 and Z3 pass through, so that the intermediate frequency echo signal output by the C1 end passes through the intermediate frequency switch matrix and then enters the intermediate frequency signal receiving end (S2) of the baseband board card. After the board card is collected and processed, the propagation delay of the modulated signal can be calculated as T2;
可得到方程：T2＝Ts11+Tt+Ts22+Tx+Ts13；The equation can be obtained: T2=Ts11+Tt+Ts22+Tx+Ts13;
其中，Ts22是射频开关矩阵实现发射通道与双向校准通道连接的信号传输时延，Tx是双向校准通道信号传输时延，Ts13是中频开关矩阵实现双向校准通道与基带板卡连接的信号传输时延。Among them, Ts22 is the signal transmission delay of the RF switch matrix to realize the connection between the transmit channel and the bidirectional calibration channel, Tx is the signal transmission delay of the bidirectional calibration channel, and Ts13 is the signal transmission delay of the IF switch matrix to realize the connection between the bidirectional calibration channel and the baseband board .
(3)、如图5所示，将中频开关矩阵Z4、Z3两端口选通，基带板卡产生的带有时间戳信息的中频调制信号由S1端口输出，经过中频开关矩阵输入双向校准通道的中频端(C1)，中频调制信号进入双向校准通道并在双向校准通道内上变频后形成射频调制信号，从双向校准通道射频端(C2)输出，将射频开关矩阵的X2、X3两端口选通，射频调制信号经射频开关矩阵进入接收通道射频端(B2)并在接收通道内进行低噪声放大和下变频处理得到中频回波信号由收通道中频端(B1)输出，将中频开关的Z2、Z5两端口选通，使得B1端输出的中频回波信号经中频开关矩阵后输入基带板卡中频信号接收端(S2)，经板卡采集处理后，可结算出调制信号的传播时延为T3；(3) As shown in Figure 5, the two ports Z4 and Z3 of the intermediate frequency switch matrix are strobed, and the intermediate frequency modulation signal with time stamp information generated by the baseband board is output by the S1 port, and input to the bidirectional calibration channel through the intermediate frequency switch matrix The intermediate frequency terminal (C1), the intermediate frequency modulation signal enters the bidirectional calibration channel and is up-converted in the bidirectional calibration channel to form a radio frequency modulation signal, which is output from the radio frequency terminal (C2) of the bidirectional calibration channel, and the X2 and X3 ports of the radio frequency switch matrix are gated , the radio frequency modulation signal enters the radio frequency terminal (B2) of the receiving channel through the radio frequency switch matrix, and performs low-noise amplification and down-conversion processing in the receiving channel to obtain an intermediate frequency echo signal, which is output by the intermediate frequency terminal (B1) of the receiving channel, and Z2, The two ports of Z5 are gated, so that the IF echo signal output from the B1 terminal passes through the IF switch matrix and then enters the IF signal receiving end (S2) of the baseband board. After the board is collected and processed, the propagation delay of the modulated signal can be calculated as T3 ;
可得到方程：T3＝Ts13+Tx+Ts23+Tr+Ts12；The equation can be obtained: T3=Ts13+Tx+Ts23+Tr+Ts12;
其中，Ts23是射频开关矩阵实现双向校准通道与接收通道连接时的信号传输时延。Wherein, Ts23 is the signal transmission time delay when the radio frequency switch matrix realizes the connection between the two-way calibration channel and the receiving channel.
步骤三、根据所述三个时延值计算发射通道的绝对时延Tt，接收通道的绝对时延Tr，将该时延量作为收发信机设备时延零值带入星间链路时延测量数据进行时延校准，从星间链路总时延中消除发射通道绝对时延和接收通道绝对时延，即完成收发信机设备时延的标定。具体过程如下：Step 3. Calculate the absolute time delay Tt of the transmitting channel according to the three time delay values, and the absolute time delay Tr of the receiving channel, and bring the time delay amount into the inter-satellite link time delay as the zero value of the time delay of the transceiver equipment The measurement data is used for delay calibration, and the absolute delay of the transmitting channel and the absolute delay of the receiving channel are eliminated from the total delay of the inter-satellite link, that is, the calibration of the delay of the transceiver equipment is completed. The specific process is as follows:
由步骤二中的(1)、(2)和(3)可得到方程组如下：From (1), (2) and (3) in step 2, the equations can be obtained as follows:
T1＝Ts1+Tt+Ts2+Tr+Ts1； (1)T1＝Ts1+Tt+Ts2+Tr+Ts1; (1)
T2＝Ts1+Tt+Ts2+Tx+Ts1； (2)T2＝Ts1+Tt+Ts2+Tx+Ts1; (2)
T3＝Ts1+Tx+Ts2+Tr+Ts1； (3)T3＝Ts1+Tx+Ts2+Tr+Ts1; (3)
依据中频开关矩阵具备的特性：中频调制信号由Z4到Z1传输所用的时延Ts11与由Z2到Z5传输所用的时延TS12以及Z5和Z3两端口之间的传输时延Ts13三者一致，或其时延不一致性远小于系统所要求的测量精度(纳秒级)，因此可得：According to the characteristics of the IF switch matrix: the time delay Ts11 used for the transmission of the IF modulation signal from Z4 to Z1 is consistent with the time delay TS12 used for the transmission from Z2 to Z5 and the transmission time delay Ts13 between the two ports of Z5 and Z3, or The time delay inconsistency is much smaller than the measurement accuracy (nanosecond level) required by the system, so it can be obtained:
Ts11＝Ts12＝Ts13； (4)Ts11=Ts12=Ts13; (4)
同理对于射频开关矩阵，可得：Similarly for the RF switch matrix, we can get:
Ts21＝Ts22＝Ts23； (5)Ts21=Ts22=Ts23; (5)
联立式(1)～式(5)可得Simultaneous formula (1) ~ formula (5) can be obtained
收发信机发射通道绝对时延：Tt＝(T1+T2-T3)/2，即通过步骤二中的(1)、(2)和(3)计算出收发信机发射通道绝对时延值。The absolute time delay of the transmitting channel of the transceiver: Tt=(T1+T2-T3)/2, that is, the absolute time delay value of the transmitting channel of the transceiver is calculated through (1), (2) and (3) in step 2.
收发信机接收通道绝对时延；Tr＝(T2+T3-T1)/2，即通过步骤二中的(1)、(2)和(3)计算出收发信机接收通道绝对时延值。The absolute time delay of the receiving channel of the transceiver; Tr=(T2+T3-T1)/2, that is, the absolute time delay value of the receiving channel of the transceiver is calculated through (1), (2) and (3) in step 2.
本发明的发射通道具备将中频信号变换至射频信号的功能；且能够对信号进行一定的功率放大；中频信号输入端口记为A1，射频信号输出端口记为A2；其时延值记为Tt。The transmission channel of the present invention has the function of transforming the intermediate frequency signal into a radio frequency signal; and can amplify the signal to a certain extent; the input port of the intermediate frequency signal is marked as A1, and the output port of the radio frequency signal is marked as A2; its time delay value is marked as Tt.
本发明的接收通道具备对射频信号的低噪声接收并变换至中频信号的功能；中频信号输入端口记为B1，射频信号输出端口记为B2；其时延值记为Tr。The receiving channel of the present invention has the function of receiving radio frequency signals with low noise and converting them into intermediate frequency signals; the input port of the intermediate frequency signal is marked as B1, and the output port of the radio frequency signal is marked as B2; its time delay value is marked as Tr.
本发明的双向校准通道具备频率变换的功能，可将射频信号变换为中频信号，也可将中频信号变换为射频信号，中频信号端口记为C1，射频信号端口记为C2，即信号即可以从C1输入经频率变换后由C2口输出，亦可从C2口输入经频率变换后由C1口输出，设计中不采用单向器件及无源器件，而仅采用无源器件诸如无源混频器、腔体滤波器等以保证在相同实验环境下(包含温度、湿度、振动量级、气压、辐照剂量等)，双向校准通道将射频信号变换为中频信号的时延与将中频信号变换为射频信号的时延一致记为Tx。The two-way calibration channel of the present invention has the function of frequency conversion, which can convert the radio frequency signal into an intermediate frequency signal, and can also convert the intermediate frequency signal into a radio frequency signal. The port of the intermediate frequency signal is marked as C1, and the port of the radio frequency signal is marked as C2. The input of C1 is output by port C2 after frequency conversion, or the input from port C2 is output by port C1 after frequency conversion. One-way devices and passive devices are not used in the design, but only passive devices such as passive mixers are used. , cavity filter, etc. to ensure that in the same experimental environment (including temperature, humidity, vibration level, air pressure, radiation dose, etc.), the two-way calibration channel converts the time delay of the radio frequency signal into the intermediate frequency signal and converts the intermediate frequency signal into the The time delay of the radio frequency signal is uniformly recorded as Tx.
本发明的射频开关矩阵具有射频信号选通的功能，将收发信机发射通道、接收通道、双向校准通道与开关矩阵相连后，通过接收基带板卡发出的相应开关控制指令，射频开关矩阵可以实现发射通道射频信号输出端与接收通道射频信号输入端的选通，也可实现发射通道射频信号输出端与双向校准通道射频信号端的选通，亦可实现双向校准通道射频信号端与接收通道射频信号输入端的选通。射频开关矩阵包含X1、X2、X3、X4、X5共5个对外接口，其中X1与发射通道射频端A2相接，X2与接收通道射频端B2相接，X3与双向校准通道射频端C2相接，X4与外部发射天线相接，X5则与外部接收天线相接。The radio frequency switch matrix of the present invention has the function of radio frequency signal gating, after connecting the transmitter channel, the receiving channel, the two-way calibration channel and the switch matrix, by receiving the corresponding switch control command sent by the baseband board, the radio frequency switch matrix can realize The gating of the RF signal output terminal of the transmitting channel and the RF signal input terminal of the receiving channel can also realize the gating of the RF signal output terminal of the transmitting channel and the RF signal terminal of the bidirectional calibration channel, and can also realize the RF signal terminal of the bidirectional calibration channel and the RF signal input of the receiving channel terminal gating. The RF switch matrix includes 5 external interfaces X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5, among which X1 is connected to the RF terminal A2 of the transmitting channel, X2 is connected to the RF terminal B2 of the receiving channel, and X3 is connected to the RF terminal C2 of the bidirectional calibration channel , X4 is connected to the external transmitting antenna, and X5 is connected to the external receiving antenna.
本发明的中频开关矩阵具有中频信号选通的功能，将收发信机发射通道、接收通道、双向校准通道与中频开关矩阵相连后，通过接收基带板卡发出的相应开关控制指令，射频开关矩阵可以实现发射通道中频信号输入端或双向校准通道中频信号端与基带板卡的中频信号输出端相连通，也可实现接收通道中频输出端或双向校准通道中频端与基带板卡中频信号接收端的信号选通。中频开关矩阵包含Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4、Z5共5个对外接口，其中Z1与发射通道中频端A1相连，Z2与接收通道中频端B1相连，Z3与双向校准通道中频端C1相连接，Z4与基带板卡中频信号发射端S1相连，Z5与基带板卡中频信号接收端S2相连。The intermediate frequency switch matrix of the present invention has the function of intermediate frequency signal gating, after the transmitter channel, the receiving channel, and the bidirectional calibration channel of the transceiver are connected with the intermediate frequency switch matrix, by receiving the corresponding switch control instructions sent by the baseband board, the radio frequency switch matrix can be Realize the connection between the IF signal input end of the transmitting channel or the IF signal end of the bidirectional calibration channel and the IF signal output end of the baseband board, and also realize the signal selection between the IF output end of the receiving channel or the IF end of the bidirectional calibration channel and the IF signal receiving end of the baseband board card. Pass. The intermediate frequency switch matrix includes five external interfaces Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, and Z5, among which Z1 is connected to the intermediate frequency terminal A1 of the transmitting channel, Z2 is connected to the intermediate frequency terminal B1 of the receiving channel, Z3 is connected to the intermediate frequency terminal C1 of the two-way calibration channel, and Z4 is connected to the intermediate frequency terminal C1 of the two-way calibration channel. It is connected with the intermediate frequency signal transmitting end S1 of the baseband board, and Z5 is connected with the intermediate frequency signal receiving end S2 of the baseband board.
对于本方案所述的中频开关矩阵以及射频开关矩阵，其在相同的时延环境下，信号从开关的输入端到各输出端所产生的时延一致，或其时延不一致性远小于系统所要求的测量精度(纳秒量级)。为实现此功能，可采用具有单刀多掷开关功能的半导体芯片作为核心功能器件实现，且芯片到各端口的位置相等，连接、组装方式相同。For the IF switch matrix and RF switch matrix described in this solution, under the same delay environment, the delay generated by the signal from the input terminal of the switch to each output terminal is consistent, or its delay inconsistency is much smaller than that of the system. The required measurement accuracy (on the order of nanoseconds). In order to realize this function, a semiconductor chip with single-pole multi-throw switch function can be used as the core functional device, and the position of the chip to each port is equal, and the connection and assembly methods are the same.
本发明的基带板卡具有中频调制信号产生和处理功能，基带板卡采用诸如扩频调制技术等方式产生中频调制信号，该中频调制信号经过收发信机发射通道、接收通道、双向校准通道等调理后，返回基带板卡，经过板卡采集及处理后能够解算出中频调制信号的传播时延，其包含两个端口，其中中频调制信号输出端口记为S1，中频调制信号接收端记为S2。The baseband board of the present invention has the function of generating and processing intermediate frequency modulation signals. The baseband board adopts methods such as spread spectrum modulation technology to generate intermediate frequency modulation signals. After that, return to the baseband board. After the board collects and processes it, the propagation delay of the IF modulation signal can be calculated. It contains two ports. The IF modulation signal output port is marked as S1, and the IF modulation signal receiving end is marked as S2.
本发明的闭环时延测试，是指采用时延动态测量方法，如利用扩频伪距测量的原理测量通道的闭环时延。具体为基带板卡产生带有时间戳信息的中频调制信号，该信号进入发射通道、接收通道或双向校准通道后产生一定的时延，经过中频开关矩阵和射频开关矩阵选通使该信号形成回路并返回基带板卡，基带板卡通过处理返回的中频调制信号，可估计出中频调制信号经过被测通道后产生的时延值。The closed-loop time delay test of the present invention refers to adopting a time delay dynamic measurement method, such as using the principle of spread spectrum pseudo-range measurement to measure the closed-loop time delay of a channel. Specifically, the baseband board generates an intermediate frequency modulation signal with time stamp information. After the signal enters the transmitting channel, receiving channel or two-way calibration channel, a certain time delay is generated, and the signal forms a loop through the intermediate frequency switch matrix and the RF switch matrix. And return to the baseband board, the baseband board can estimate the delay value generated after the intermediate frequency modulation signal passes through the channel under test by processing the returned intermediate frequency modulation signal.
综上所述，以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。To sum up, the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| 徐志乾: "导航星座星间链路收发信机时延测量与标校技术研究", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 信息科技辑》 * |
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