CN104265242A - Terrestrial heat extraction method of geothermal well - Google Patents
Terrestrial heat extraction method of geothermal well Download PDFInfo
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- CN104265242A CN104265242A CN201410388987.9A CN201410388987A CN104265242A CN 104265242 A CN104265242 A CN 104265242A CN 201410388987 A CN201410388987 A CN 201410388987A CN 104265242 A CN104265242 A CN 104265242A
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- well
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
- F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
- F24T10/20—Geothermal collectors using underground water as working fluid; using working fluid injected directly into the ground, e.g. using injection wells and recovery wells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
Abstract
The invention discloses a terrestrial heat extraction method of a geothermal well. The terrestrial heat extraction method is characterized by comprising the steps of geophysical prospecting, well drilling construction, measurement of well parameters, water pumping and water testing, yield calculation, temperature calculation, determination of a well completion method and tripping in of a sealing bushing, a water content of a conventional well or an enriched well, a hot water temperature of a normal-temperature or low-temperature well, utilization of a water-deficient well or a water-shortage well and no water pumping, and a well temperature being one of a normal temperature, a high temperature or a low temperature; a heat insulation pipe comprises an inner pipe, an outer pipe and a heat insulation material; two end openings of the inner pipe and the outer pipes are sealed and fixedly connected to form cavity gaps; the heat insulation material is filled in the cavity gaps; the cavity gaps are put in the well, and are fixedly connected; a heat taking device comprises a full-closed bushing, a high-pressure centrifugal pump and a heat insulation pipe; one end of the full-closed bushing is blocked, and the other end is provided with an input hole for tight connection with the high-pressure centrifugal pump; and the heat insulation pipe is put in and fixedly connected with the full-closed bushing, and is put in and fixedly connected with the well.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to and extract underground heat technical field, be a kind of ground thermal extraction method being extracted the geothermal well of geothermal water or heat energy by drilling mode, to greatest extent underground heat energy extracted ground, ensure that well head hot water reaches maximum temperature.
Background technology
It is the current a kind of ground thermal extraction method generally applied that machinery drilling well pumping underground hot water extracts underground heat.It reaches a certain water layer in underground by mechanical boring method brill to extract this layer of geothermal water.In extraction process, in pipe, hot water and annular space cold water carry out interchange of heat, and heat loses much on the way, and when causing geothermal water to reach well head, hot water temperature's decline, fully can not extract underground heat energy.
When extracting geothermal water or heat energy by drilling mode, by the restriction of existing geological exploration techniques, also can accurately not descending the reserves of water, reservoir and crack, stratum completely definitely, can not avoid when drilling through geothermal well running into poor-water well or low water well.Present stage, such as poor-water well underground water seldom do not reach application purpose, heat production water in underground can not be satisfied the demand, or run into low water well and can not well be caused to scrap by heat production water, underground heat can not be extracted and all can cause huge economic loss, although but it is high even to have the enough salinities of the underground heat water yield, extraction uses and causes environment pollution with rear discharge, thus extracts electric heating and is restricted the situation appearance that maybe cannot use.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: the ground thermal extraction method improving a kind of geothermal well, avoid or reduce extract underground heat and extract geothermal water time thermal loss, ensure that geothermal water reaches well head to greatest extent, the underground heat of the geothermal well that underground heat extracts and salinity is high of solution poor-water well, low water well extracts and is restricted the problem that maybe cannot use, and improves the economic benefit and the social benefit that utilize underground heat energy.
The scheme of technical solution problem of the present invention is: it comprises the following steps:
1) geology physical prospecting
Water depth is determined to plain sediments rock area, rock cuttings crack is found, to determine ground pithead position or drilling well orientation impact point to mountain area;
2) wellbore construction
Mechanical spinning solution is utilized to carry out drilling well;
3) well parameter is measured
Adopt oil well logging device measuring well parameter, by well log interpretation drilled strata situation;
4) draw water examination water, ask products, ask warm
According to the well parameter that step 3) is measured, the method of test of drawing water is adopted to measure the well water yield, determine that the water content of well is conventional well, is rich in the one of well, poor-water well or low water well, determine water yield per day, in pump process, measure water temperature, determine that well is the one of normal temperature well, high temperature well or low temperature well;
5) determine completion mode and under enter sealing sleeve pipe
According to the result that step 3) and step 4) are measured, determine completion mode and determine the setting of casing number of plies and structure;
6) water content be conventional well or be rich in well, disposal that hot water temperature is the well of normal temperature or low temperature
Be conventional well to water content or be rich in well, well that hot water temperature is normal temperature or low temperature, be improve outlet hot water's temperature, extract underground heat to greatest extent, enter instlated tubular under after completion, instlated tubular length is well depth 4/5 ~ 5/6;
The structure of described instlated tubular is: it comprises interior pipe, outer tube and heat-barrier material, described inner and outer tubes are the cylinder of hollow, the two ends mouth of pipe of inner and outer tubes seals respectively and is connected, lacuna is formed between the tube wall of the inner and outer tubes that sealing is connected, filling with insulation material in lacuna also vacuumizes, the mouth of pipe one end at two ends be influent stream mouth, the other end for going out head piece, instlated tubular influent stream mouth downwards, go out head piece and to be upwards placed in well and to be connected;
7) to poor-water well or low water well and can not water lift utilize, the disposal of the normal well of formation temperature gradient
A) heat-obtaining device is entered under
To poor-water well or low water well and the degree of mineralization of ground water is high, containing poisonous and harmful substance can not extraction and application, enter heat-obtaining device under the normal well of formation temperature gradient, by all for stratum fluid packings, extraction underground heat is carried out in the circulation of beam body in addition;
Described outer beam body round-robin method is: outer beam body is injected the annular space of heat-obtaining device by the input hole of heat-obtaining device and flow to shaft bottom by well head in annular space, outer beam body is heated to flowing limit, limit, shaft bottom by well head in flow process in annular space, flowing to bottom hole temperature (BHT) rises to the highest, and the head piece that goes out then upwards flowing to heat-obtaining device instlated tubular by the influent stream mouth of heat-obtaining device instlated tubular flows out ground well head and exports;
The structure of described heat-obtaining device is: it comprises closed sleeve pipe, high pressure centrifugal pump and instlated tubular, described closed sleeve pipe is the hollow cylinder of one end shutoff, arrange input hole in the other end radial direction of closed sleeve pipe, input hole is tightly connected by pipeline and high pressure centrifugal pump; Instlated tubular comprises interior pipe, outer tube and heat-barrier material, described inner and outer tubes are the cylinder of hollow, the two ends mouth of pipe of inner and outer tubes seals respectively and is connected, lacuna is formed between the tube wall of the inner and outer tubes that sealing is connected, filling with insulation material in lacuna also vacuumizes, the mouth of pipe one end at two ends is that influent stream mouth, the other end are for going out head piece, instlated tubular influent stream mouth downwards, go out head piece and to be upwards placed in closed sleeve pipe and sealing is connected, form annular space between the outer wall sealing closed sleeve pipe inwall and the instlated tubular be connected; Heat-obtaining device shutoff end to be placed in downwards in well and to be connected;
Described closed sleeve pipe is oil J55 or N80, diameter 244.5mm or 273.05mm sleeve pipe;
B) water injection rate is determined
Start heat-obtaining device and carry out water filling, simultaneously in the hot water temperature going out the measurement water outlet of head piece place and the discharge capacity of heat-obtaining device, when going out the hot water temperature discharged at head piece place and reaching the highest, the hot water discharge capacity that heat-obtaining device is discharged is the optimum amount of water spraying, or heat-obtaining device discharge hot water discharge capacity be best discharge capacity and temperature reaches requirement time, now heat-obtaining device discharge hot water discharge capacity be the optimum amount of water spraying.
The ground thermal extraction method of geothermal well of the present invention, its instlated tubular effectively and to greatest extent can extract underground heat energy, prevent the heat-energy losses when extracting underground heat energy, especially can effectively extract poor-water well and low water well heat energy and can not the degree of mineralization of ground water of extraction and application high, containing the underground heat energy of the well of poisonous and harmful substance, environment pollution can be down to and minimumly be reached 0 pollution object by it, can provide heat energy for each field.The application of this technology can bring to society cannot estimate economic benefit and social benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The structural representation of Fig. 1 instlated tubular of the present invention;
The structural representation of Fig. 2 heat-obtaining device of the present invention;
The structural representation of Fig. 3 embodiment 1;
The structural representation of Fig. 4 embodiment 2;
The structural representation of Fig. 5 embodiment 3.
In figure: 1 instlated tubular, 2 go out head piece, pipe in 3,4 outer tubes, 5 influent stream mouths, 6 annular spaces, 7 closed sleeve pipes, 8 input holes, 9 high pressure centrifugal pumps, 10 heat-obtaining devices, 11 sealing sleeve pipes.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
With reference to Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 3, embodiment 1: in the well-digging of plain sediments rock area, step is as follows:
1) geology physical prospecting
Determine that drilling depth is 2400m after water depth is determined to plain sediments rock area, with ground demand determination pithead position;
2) wellbore construction
Mechanical spinning solution is utilized to carry out drilling well, a gradient is measured for every 30 ~ 50 meters in drilling process, according to inclination conditions adjustment rig pressure and brill dish revolution, adopt curved power drilling tool to carry out construction when the gradient of straight well is more than 3 ° and ensure that well is beaten directly, plain sediments rock area geothermal gradient average out to about 3.3 degree, drilling depth is 2400m;
3) well parameter is measured
Adopt oil well logging device measuring well parameter, explain drilled strata situation;
4) draw water examination water, ask products, ask warm
According to the well parameter that step 3) is measured, adopt the method for test of drawing water to measure the well water yield and hot water temperature, first measure hydrostatic level level, then use 20m
3the deep water pump of/h, more than lift 200m, under draw water to 50 ~ 80m below liquid level, the extraction time is 20h, and because being less than the extraction of 24h, extract entering below liquid level 180-200 meters under deep water pump, the extraction time more than 24h, then trips out this pump, by 40m
3enter the same degree of depth under the deep water pump of/h, more than lift 200m to extract, the extraction time is 19h, known daily output hot water 760 m
3, in pump process, measure water temperature for the highest 32 DEG C; According to the aquifer yield of well and the standard of perfection of hot water temperature, determine that this well is for being rich in the water yield, low temperature well;
The water content standard of perfection of described well is: low water well: do not produce water, poor-water well: water yield per day≤50 m
3.Key hole: water yield per day 120 ~ 200 m
3, be rich in well, water yield per day>=200 m
3above;
The standard of perfection of the hot water temperature of described well is: the hot water temperature measuring well head is normal temperature well at 35 ~ 45 DEG C, and the hot water temperature of well head is less than 35 DEG C for low temperature well, and the hot water temperature of well head is greater than 45 DEG C for high temperature well;
5) determine completion mode and under enter sealing sleeve pipe 11
According to step 3) measure parameter and step 4) measure the conclusion being rich in the water yield, low temperature well, adopt full casing mode completion, and under enter sealing sleeve pipe 11 to down-hole 500 m;
6) disposal of the water yield, low temperature well is originally rich in
For improving outlet hot water's temperature, extracting underground heat to greatest extent, under after completion, entering the instlated tubular 1 that external diameter is φ 114.3mm, length is 1950 m;
The structure of described instlated tubular 1 is: it comprises interior pipe 3, outer tube 4 and heat-barrier material, described interior pipe 3 and outer tube 4 are the cylinder of hollow, the two ends mouth of pipe of interior pipe 3 and outer tube 4 seals respectively and is connected, lacuna is formed between the tube wall of the interior pipe 3 that sealing is connected and outer tube 4, the mouth of pipe one end at two ends is influent stream mouth 5, the other end is for going out head piece 2, heat-barrier material is placed in lacuna, instlated tubular 1 influent stream mouth 5 downwards, go out head piece 2 and to be upwards placed in well and to be connected.
With reference to Fig. 4, embodiment 2, in the well-digging of area, lithosphere crack, mountain area, step is as follows:
1) geology physical prospecting
Rock fracture area in mountain area is recorded by geological prospecting and descends crack water-bearing zone width 40 meters definitely, and determine mouth coordinate position, ground;
2) wellbore construction
Utilize mechanical spinning solution to carry out drilling well after the well head coordinate position of selected ground, in drilling process, measure hole angles and azimuth for every 10 ~ 20 meters, the maximum hole angle of full well 1.8 °, radius R 17.8m is hit home a little, drilling depth 2404m;
3) well parameter is measured
Adopt oil well logging device measuring well parameter, explain drilled strata situation;
4) draw water examination water, ask products, ask warm
According to the well parameter that step 3) is measured, adopt the method for test of drawing water to measure the well water yield and hot water temperature, first measure hydrostatic level level, then use 20m
3the deep water pump of/h, more than lift 200m, under draw water to 50 ~ 80m below liquid level, the extraction time is greater than 24h, then trips out this pump, by 40m
3enter the same degree of depth under the deep water pump of/h, more than lift 200m to extract, the extraction time is 24h, known daily output hot water 960 m
3, in pump process, measure water temperature for the highest 51 DEG C; According to the aquifer yield of well and the standard of perfection of hot water temperature, determine that this well is for being rich in the water yield, high temperature well;
The aquifer yield of described well and the standard of perfection of hot water temperature are with the step 4) of embodiment 1;
5) determine completion mode and under enter sealing sleeve pipe 11
According to step 3) measure parameter and step 4) measure the conclusion being rich in the water yield, high temperature well, subordinate's sealing sleeve pipe 11, bottom bore hole mode completion in employing, and under enter sealing sleeve pipe 11 to down-hole 500 m.
With reference to Fig. 5, embodiment 3, in water-deficient area, low water is regional, the degree of mineralization of ground water is high, extract underground heat containing the well-digging of poisonous and harmful substance area, and step is as follows:
1) geology physical prospecting
To plain sediments rock surveying areas underground no water layer, select pithead position determination drilling depth according to ground condition;
2) wellbore construction
Mechanical spinning solution is utilized to carry out drilling well, a gradient is measured for every 30 ~ 50 meters in drilling process, adopt curved power drilling tool to carry out construction when the gradient of straight well is more than 3 ° and ensure that well is beaten directly, plain sediments rock area geothermal gradient average out to about 3.3 degree, drilling depth is 2300m;
3) well parameter is measured
Adopt oil well logging device measuring well parameter, explain drilled strata situation, it is that top 800m inner aqueous layer enriches, temperature is low, bottom no water layer, bottom hole temperature (BHT) 68 DEG C that institute surveys parameter;
4) draw water examination water, ask products, ask warm
According to the well parameter that step 3) is measured, adopt the method for test of drawing water to measure the well water yield and hot water temperature, first measure hydrostatic level level, then use 20m
3the deep water pump of/h, more than lift 200m, under draw water to 50 ~ 80m below liquid level, the extraction time is 16 minutes, because being less than the extraction of 24h, extract entering below liquid level 180-200 meters under pump, the extraction time is 38 minutes, because being less than the extraction of 24h, trip out this pump, by 10m
3enter the same degree of depth under the deep water pump of/h, more than lift 200m to extract, the extraction time is 1 hour 20 minutes, extracts daily output hot water less than 50 m by being interrupted
3, in pump process, measure water temperature for the highest 32 DEG C; According to the aquifer yield of well and the standard of perfection of hot water temperature, determine that this well is poor-water, low temperature well;
The aquifer yield of described well and the standard of perfection of hot water temperature are with the step 4) of embodiment 1;
5) determine completion mode and under enter sealing sleeve pipe 11
The poor-water that the parameter measured according to step 3) and step 4) are measured, the conclusion of low temperature well, adopt lower full casing method completion, and under enter sealing sleeve pipe 11 to down-hole 500 m;
6) disposal of the present embodiment poor-water well
A) heat-obtaining device 10 is entered under
Heat-obtaining device 10 is entered to the poor-water down-hole of the present embodiment, beam body round-robin method extracts underground heat in addition, the outer beam body of the present embodiment is water at low temperature, that is: outer note water at low temperature is injected in the annular space 6 of heat-obtaining device 10 by the input hole 8 of heat-obtaining device 10, and shaft bottom is flow to by well head in annular space 6, outer note water at low temperature is heated to flowing limit, limit, shaft bottom by well head in flow process in annular space 6, flowing to bottom hole temperature (BHT) rises to the highest, what then upwards flow to heat-obtaining device 10 instlated tubular 1 by the influent stream mouth 5 of heat-obtaining device 10 instlated tubular 1 goes out head piece 2, thus outflow well head,
The structure of described heat-obtaining device 10 is: it comprises closed sleeve pipe 7, high pressure centrifugal pump 9 and instlated tubular 1, described closed sleeve pipe 7 is oil J55, the diameter × wall thickness 244.48mm × 8.94(10.03 of one end shutoff) mm sleeve pipe, arrange input hole 8 in the other end radial direction of closed sleeve pipe 7, input hole 8 is tightly connected by pipeline and high pressure centrifugal pump 9; Instlated tubular 1 comprises interior pipe 3, outer tube 4 and heat-barrier material, described interior pipe 3 and outer tube 4 are the cylinder of hollow, instlated tubular 1 external diameter 114.3mm, the two ends mouth of pipe of interior pipe 3 and outer tube 4 seals respectively and is connected, form lacuna between the tube wall of the interior pipe 3 that sealing is connected and outer tube 4, add heat-barrier material in lacuna and vacuumize.The mouth of pipe one end at two ends is influent stream mouth 5, the other end is for going out head piece 2, instlated tubular 1 influent stream mouth 5 downwards, go out head piece 2 and to be upwards placed in closed sleeve pipe 7 and to be connected by petroleum casing screw sealing, form annular space 6 between the tube wall sealing the closed sleeve pipe 7 and instlated tubular 1 be connected; Heat-obtaining device 10 shutoff end to be placed in downwards in well and to be connected; Described high pressure centrifugal pump 9, oil J55 sleeve pipe are the commercially available prod of prior art;
B) water injection rate is determined
Start heat-obtaining device 10 and carry out water filling, simultaneously when the hot water temperature that the equipped at outlet port of heat-obtaining device 10 measures water outlet is 48 DEG C, the hot water discharge capacity that now heat-obtaining device 10 is discharged is 15 m
3/ h.
Claims (4)
1. a ground thermal extraction method for geothermal well, is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
1) geology physical prospecting
Water depth is determined to plain sediments rock area, rock cuttings crack is found, to determine ground pithead position or drilling well orientation impact point to mountain area;
2) wellbore construction
Mechanical spinning solution is utilized to carry out drilling well;
3) well parameter is measured
Adopt oil well logging device measuring well parameter, by well log interpretation drilled strata situation;
4) draw water examination water, ask products, ask warm
According to the well parameter that step 3) is measured, the method of test of drawing water is adopted to measure the well water yield, determine that the water content of well is conventional well, is rich in the one of well, poor-water well or low water well, determine water yield per day, in pump process, measure water temperature, determine that well is the one of normal temperature well, high temperature well or low temperature well;
5) determine completion mode and under enter sealing sleeve pipe
According to the result that step 3) and step 4) are measured, determine completion mode and determine the setting of casing number of plies and structure;
6) water content be conventional well or be rich in well, disposal that hot water temperature is the well of normal temperature or low temperature
Be conventional well to water content or be rich in well, well that hot water temperature is normal temperature or low temperature, be improve outlet hot water's temperature, extract underground heat to greatest extent, enter instlated tubular under after completion, instlated tubular length is well depth 4/5 ~ 5/6;
7) to poor-water well or low water well and can not water lift utilize, the disposal of the normal well of formation temperature gradient
A) heat-obtaining device is entered under
To poor-water well or low water well and the degree of mineralization of ground water, high containing poisonous and harmful substance can not extraction and application, enter heat-obtaining device under the normal well of formation temperature gradient, by all for stratum fluid packings, extraction underground heat is carried out in the circulation of beam body in addition; Described outer beam body circulation is that the input hole of outer beam body by heat-obtaining device is injected the annular space of heat-obtaining device and flow to shaft bottom by well head in annular space, outer beam body is heated to flowing limit, limit, shaft bottom by well head in flow process in annular space, flowing to bottom hole temperature (BHT) rises to the highest, what then upwards flow to heat-obtaining device instlated tubular by the influent stream mouth of heat-obtaining device instlated tubular goes out head piece, thus flows out well head;
B) water injection rate is determined
Start heat-obtaining device and carry out water filling, simultaneously in the hot water temperature going out the measurement water outlet of head piece place and the discharge capacity of heat-obtaining device, when going out the hot water temperature discharged at head piece place and reaching the highest, the hot water discharge capacity that heat-obtaining device is discharged is the optimum amount of water spraying, or heat-obtaining device discharge hot water discharge capacity be best discharge capacity and temperature reaches requirement time, now heat-obtaining device discharge hot water discharge capacity be the optimum amount of water spraying.
2. the ground thermal extraction method of geothermal well as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 6) instlated tubular used it comprise interior pipe, outer tube and heat-barrier material, described inner and outer tubes are the cylinder of hollow, the two ends mouth of pipe of inner and outer tubes seals respectively and is connected, lacuna is formed between the tube wall of the inner and outer tubes that sealing is connected, filling with insulation material in lacuna also vacuumizes, the mouth of pipe one end at two ends be influent stream mouth, the other end for going out head piece, instlated tubular influent stream mouth downwards, go out head piece and to be upwards placed in well and to be connected.
3. the ground thermal extraction method of geothermal well as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 7) heat-obtaining device used it comprise closed sleeve pipe, high pressure centrifugal pump and instlated tubular, described closed sleeve pipe is the hollow cylinder of one end shutoff, arrange input hole in the other end radial direction of closed sleeve pipe, input hole is tightly connected by pipeline and high pressure centrifugal pump; Instlated tubular comprises interior pipe, outer tube and heat-barrier material, described inner and outer tubes are the cylinder of hollow, the two ends mouth of pipe of inner and outer tubes seals respectively and is connected, lacuna is formed between the tube wall of the inner and outer tubes that sealing is connected, filling with insulation material in lacuna also vacuumizes, the mouth of pipe one end at two ends is that influent stream mouth, the other end are for going out head piece, instlated tubular influent stream mouth downwards, go out head piece and to be upwards placed in closed sleeve pipe and sealing is connected, form annular space between the outer wall sealing closed sleeve pipe inwall and the instlated tubular be connected; Heat-obtaining device shutoff end to be placed in downwards in well and to be connected.
4. the ground thermal extraction method of geothermal well as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: described closed sleeve pipe is oil J55 or N80 sleeve pipe.
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| CN104654641A (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-05-27 | 华北水利水电大学 | Method for heating surface water by using natural heating furnace of the Earth |
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| CN110230896A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-09-13 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Underground takes thermal and underground heat taking method |
| CN110219636A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-09-10 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of coal underground gasifying furnace note exhaust drilled tunnel heat insulating and sealing method for blocking |
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