CN104255401A - 一种用于栽培紫薯的蓄水层 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
一种用于栽培紫薯的蓄水层，涉及紫薯栽培技术领域，该蓄水层是铺设于土层以下的用于栽培紫薯的基质，蓄水层的填充物是由锯末40份、玉米芯25份、黄豆壳35份混配而成，将组份量的当年的玉米芯碾磨成细屑，大小似绿豆粒为宜，将当年的黄豆壳破碎成细屑，颗粒大小跟锯末相当，然后将锯末、研磨成细屑的玉米芯、粉碎成细屑的黄豆壳混配在一起，放入水中清洗，然后捞出沥水，即可摊铺在水培渠内底层作为蓄水层。本发明提供的一种用于栽培紫薯的蓄水层，改变了紫薯在土壤中生长的传统栽培方式，具有的有点是：不受土壤条件的限制，便于人工控制紫薯不同生长阶段的营养元素的供给，紫薯块根在松散的蓄水层中生长，利于紫薯长大，可提高紫薯产量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及紫薯栽培技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于栽培紫薯的蓄水层。
背景技术
紫薯，学名：Solanum tuberdsm，又叫黑薯，薯肉呈紫色至深紫色，它除具有普通红薯的营养成分外，还富含硒元素和花青素，紫薯营养丰富具特殊保健功能，它含有20％左右的蛋白质，包括18种氨基酸，易被人体消化和吸收，其中包括维生素C、B、A等8种维生素和磷、铁等10多种矿物元素，内含有大量药用价值高的花青素，法国科学家马斯魁勒博士发现花青素是天然强效自由基清除剂，花青素对100多种疾病有预防和治疗作用，被誉为继水、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素、矿物质之后的第七大必需营养素，花青素是目前科学界发现的防治疾病、维护人类健康最直接、最有效、最安全的自由基清除剂，其清除自由基的能力是维生素C的20倍、维生素E的50倍，花青素具有小分子结构，是唯一能透过血脑屏障清除自由基保护大脑细胞的物质，同时能减少抗生素给人体的一些危害。
紫薯纤维素含量高，这类物质可增加粪便体积，促进肠胃蠕动，清理肠腔内滞留的粘液、积气和腐败物，排出粪便中的有毒物质和致癌物质，保持大便畅通，改善消化道环境，防止胃肠道疾病的发生，紫薯中锌、铁、铜、锰、钙、硒均为天然，并且铁、钙含量特高，而硒和铁是人体抗疲劳、抗衰老、补血的必要元素，具有良好的保健功能，硒又是"抗癌大王"，易被人体吸收，有效地留在血清中，修补心肌，增强机体免疫力，清除体内产生癌症的自由基，抑制癌细胞中DNA的合成和癌细胞的分裂与生长，预防胃癌、肝癌等疾病的发生，紫薯茎尖嫩叶中富含维生素，蛋白质、微量元素、可食性纤维和可溶性无氧化物质，经常食用则具有减肥、健美和健身防癌等作用，因此，黑薯从茎尖嫩叶到薯块，均具有良好的保健功能，是当前无公害、绿色、有机食品中的首推保健食品。
紫薯的市场需求越来越大，但传统的紫薯栽培存在一些缺陷：一是薯苗成活率低，结薯晚，苗情不均匀，薯快大小差别大，品质不好；栽培受到土质的限制，适合栽培紫薯的土壤为：疏松肥沃,有机质较高的砂壤土为宜；容易受到害虫的危害。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术的缺陷，进一步提出一种紫薯水培方法，以及用于栽培紫薯的蓄水层。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下技术方案来实现。
一种紫薯水培方法，其特征在于，具体步骤为：
(1)在地面上挖截面为长方形的水培渠，水培渠宽40cm、深60-80cm，长度不限，根据地形及需要栽培的面积而定；
(2)在水培渠内铺设一层隔水层；
(3)隔水层铺设好以后，在水培渠内填充栽培基质，栽培基质包括蓄水层，蓄水层上端铺一层薄膜；
(4)在水培渠内设置长颈漏斗，长颈漏斗下端穿过薄膜插入蓄水层内部，长颈漏斗上端高于地平面，水培渠内每隔1-1.5m设置一个长颈漏斗；
(5)薄膜上端覆盖一层松土，松土厚度10cm，松土层上端与地平面齐平；
(6)在松土层上定植紫薯苗株，紫薯苗株插入松土层的深度为8-9cm，紫薯苗株定植以后，对松土层浇水，以松土层浇透为准；
(7)半个月以后，向漏斗内加入水培营养液，使蓄水层吸饱即可；
一种用于栽培紫薯的蓄水层，其特征在于，该蓄水层是铺设于土层以下的用于栽培紫薯的基质，蓄水层的填充物是由锯末40份、玉米芯25份、黄豆壳35份混配而成，将组份量的当年的玉米芯碾磨成细屑，大小似绿豆粒为宜，将当年的黄豆壳破碎成细屑，颗粒大小跟锯末相当，然后将锯末、研磨成细屑的玉米芯、粉碎成细屑的黄豆壳混配在一起，放入水中清洗，然后捞出沥水，即可摊铺在水培渠内底层作为蓄水层。
所述水培渠是一种保水效果好的设置在地下的渠道，水培渠宽40cm、深60-80cm，长度不限，根据地形及需要栽培的面积而定。
所述水培营养液每1000ml中的主要营养成分为：四水硝酸钙750-800mg、磷酸氢铵150.00-160mg、硝酸铵50-55mg、乙二胺四乙酸二钠铁20-21mg、硼酸1.5-2.0mg、五水硫酸铜0.06-0.07mg、硫酸镁400-500mg、硫酸钾110-180mg、磷酸二氢钾150-175mg、硝酸钠5-6g、尿素3-4g、硝酸铜2-3mg、硝酸锰4-5mg、硫酸亚铁45-65mg、磷酸铵3-5mg、钼酸钠0.01-0.015mg、钼酸铵0.02-0.04mg、氯化镍0.3-0.5mg、碘化钾7.4-8.2mg、柠檬酸12-15mg、硅酸钠16-19mg和醋酸铅0.04-0.05mg。
紫薯苗株在松土层上定植，栽培方法与普通紫薯或红薯的栽培方法一致，紫薯苗株在松土层栽培成活以后，根系生长会穿过薄膜，延伸至蓄水层内，在蓄水层中获得生长必须的营养物质，蓄水层以由松散物质构成，利于紫薯的块根在其中快速发育膨大，具有很好的蓄水能力，紫薯的块根在蓄水层中获得充足的营养，生长速度快，蓄水层中的水培营养液成份可以根据紫薯秧苗的生长情况做出调整。
所述水培渠一端开挖出一条蓄水渠，蓄水渠深度大于水培渠的深度，蓄水渠与水培渠通过溢流管连接，所述溢流管安装在水培渠端部的中间位置，水培渠内的水培营养液过多会通过溢流管流进蓄水渠内，可避免水培营养液浸泡紫薯及其根系。
本发明的有益效果为：
本发明提供的一种用于栽培紫薯的蓄水层，改变了紫薯在土壤中生长的传统栽培方式，具有的有点是：不受土壤条件的限制，便于人工控制紫薯不同生长阶段的营养元素的供给，紫薯块根在松散的蓄水层中生长，利于紫薯长大，可提高紫薯产量。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
一种紫薯水培方法，具体步骤为：
(1)在地面上挖截面为长方形的水培渠，水培渠宽40cm、深60cm，长度6m；
(2)用水泥在水培渠内壁上做一层隔水层；
(3)隔水层铺设好以后，在水培渠内填充栽培基质，栽培基质包括蓄水层，蓄水层上端铺一层薄膜；
(4)在水培渠内设置长颈漏斗，长颈漏斗下端穿过薄膜插入蓄水层内部，长颈漏斗上端高于地平面，水培渠内每隔1设置一个长颈漏斗；
(5)薄膜上端覆盖一层松土，松土厚度10cm，松土层上端与地平面齐平；
(6)在松土层上定植紫薯苗株，紫薯苗株插入松土层的深度为8-9cm，紫薯苗株定植以后，对松土层浇水，以松土层浇透为准；
(7)半个月以后，向漏斗内加入水培营养液，使蓄水层吸饱即可；
所述蓄水层的填充物是由锯末40份、玉米芯25份、黄豆壳35份混配而成，将组份量的当年的玉米芯碾磨成细屑，大小似绿豆粒为宜，将当年的黄豆壳破碎成细屑，颗粒大小跟锯末相当，然后将锯末、研磨成细屑的玉米芯、粉碎成细屑的黄豆壳混配在一起，放入水中清洗，然后捞出沥水，即可摊铺在水培渠内底层作为蓄水层；
所述水培营养液每1000ml中的主要营养成分为：四水硝酸钙750-800mg、磷酸氢铵150.00-160mg、硝酸铵50-55mg、乙二胺四乙酸二钠铁20-21mg、硼酸1.5-2.0mg、五水硫酸铜0.06-0.07mg、硫酸镁400-500mg、硫酸钾110-180mg、磷酸二氢钾150-175mg、硝酸钠5-6g、尿素3-4g、硝酸铜2-3mg、硝酸锰4-5mg、硫酸亚铁45-65mg、磷酸铵3-5mg、钼酸钠0.01-0.015mg、钼酸铵0.02-0.04mg、氯化镍0.3-0.5mg、碘化钾7.4-8.2mg、柠檬酸12-15mg、硅酸钠16-19mg和醋酸铅0.04-0.05mg。
所述水培渠一端开挖出一条蓄水渠，蓄水渠深度大于水培渠的深度，蓄水渠与水培渠通过溢流管连接，所述溢流管安装在水培渠端部的中间位置。
经过基地实验，与传统方法相比，本发明的紫薯栽培方法可以提高产量21.5％以上，紫薯单个重量明显增大，品质也得到了提高。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征以及本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (2)
1.一种用于栽培紫薯的蓄水层，其特征在于，该蓄水层是铺设于土层以下的用于栽培紫薯的基质，蓄水层的填充物是由锯末40份、玉米芯25份、黄豆壳35份混配而成，将组份量的当年的玉米芯碾磨成细屑，大小似绿豆粒为宜，将当年的黄豆壳破碎成细屑，颗粒大小跟锯末相当，然后将锯末、研磨成细屑的玉米芯、粉碎成细屑的黄豆壳混配在一起，放入水中清洗，然后捞出沥水，即可摊铺在水培渠内底层作为蓄水层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于栽培紫薯的蓄水层，其特征在于，所述水培渠是一种保水效果好的设置在地下的渠道，水培渠宽40cm、深60-80cm，长度不限，根据地形及需要栽培的面积而定。
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| JP3727327B1 (ja) * | 2004-12-16 | 2005-12-14 | 株式会社司電子 | もやしの製造方法 |
| CN201709204U (zh) * | 2009-06-13 | 2011-01-19 | 张哮涵 | 一种凹形植物无土栽培床 |
| CN102138505B (zh) * | 2011-03-21 | 2013-07-10 | 唐宏楷 | 一种蓄水无土盆景栽培装置 |
| JP2013165700A (ja) * | 2012-02-16 | 2013-08-29 | Pd Factory:Kk | 植物の生育装置 |
| CN103518606A (zh) * | 2013-10-23 | 2014-01-22 | 镇江市丹徒区紫杉生态农业园 | 春羽的营养液栽培方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP3727327B1 (ja) * | 2004-12-16 | 2005-12-14 | 株式会社司電子 | もやしの製造方法 |
| CN201709204U (zh) * | 2009-06-13 | 2011-01-19 | 张哮涵 | 一种凹形植物无土栽培床 |
| CN102138505B (zh) * | 2011-03-21 | 2013-07-10 | 唐宏楷 | 一种蓄水无土盆景栽培装置 |
| JP2013165700A (ja) * | 2012-02-16 | 2013-08-29 | Pd Factory:Kk | 植物の生育装置 |
| CN103518606A (zh) * | 2013-10-23 | 2014-01-22 | 镇江市丹徒区紫杉生态农业园 | 春羽的营养液栽培方法 |
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